Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The response of rat gastrocnemius muscle fibers to chronic streptozotocindiabetes was studied. Transverse sections of this muscle from normal and diabetic rats were histochemically assayed for reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide-diaphorase, myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Cross-sectional areas of the fiber types were measured, and fiber capillarization and populations estimated. Chemically-induced diabetes appeared to have little effect on the metabolic or morphological properties of slow-twitch fibers. However, a general dedifferentiation occurred in the 2 fast-twitch fiber populations. There was a loss of oxidative potential in the fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic fibers, and a significant decrease in size in the fast-twitch-glycolytic fibers. No change in the proportions of slow- and fast-twitch fibers in the muscles of diabetic rats occurred. It is concluded that hypoinsulinism has differential effects on the 3 fiber types in heterogeneous rat skeletal muscle, and that slow-twitch fibers are least affected by the diabetic condition.
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PMID:Histochemical properties of skeletal muscle fibers in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 12 6

The purification of the pregnancy zone protein by means of immunoadsorbents is described. The pregnancy zone protein antibody was isolated from an absorbed rabbit antiserum and coupled with CNBr-activated sepharose. The pregnancy zone protein was isolated from pregnancy serum by the specific antibody cross-linked with sepharose. Contaminating serum proteins were eliminated by "inverse" immunoadsorption using antibodies against these proteins coupled with sepharose. An immunoelectrophoretically pure pregnancy zone protein was obtained. By means of a combination of immunoprecipitation and enzyme reaction in agar gel could be excluded that the pregnancy zone protein possesses activities of the following 11 enzymes: ceruloplasmin, leucine amino peptidase, alkaline phosphatase, carboxylic esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphat-dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, acetyl cholinesterase and oxytocinase.
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PMID:[Isolation of "pregnancy-zone" proteins using immuno absorbents and study of possible enzyme activities]. 17 12

Thirty-five ovarian tumors were examined (7 granulosa-cell tumors, 2 thecomas, 4 dysgerminomas, 6 mucinous cystadenomas, 10 serous cystadenomas, 2 adenocarcinomas, 3 Krukenberg tumors and 1 early embryonic tumor). The granulosa-cell tumors showed high activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and the changed cells of their stroma--that of glucose-6 phosphate and isocitrate dehydrogenases. The activity of the latter enzymes was striking also in thecomas. Dysgerminomas showed high alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activities. The authors emphasize the role of stromal cells in the hormonal activity of ovarian neoplasms.
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PMID:Histochemistry of hormonally active ovarian tumors. 17 58

Acute renal failure was induced in male rats by the subcutaneous injectioon of 4 mg HgC12 per kg body weight. Enzyme activities of the proximal tubule were studied histochemically at six time intervals from 15 min to 24 h. The enzyme studied were alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (NAD-independent), malic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, latic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphatase. Decreases in activity were observed for alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase after 15 min. Acid phosphatase was decreased after 30 min. These three enzymes returned to control levels after 3 h, but malic dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase were decreased at this time interval. Succinic dehydrogenase was first decreased after 6 h. The earliest morphological changes detectable by light microscopy were observed in pars recta tubules in the medullary rays after 6 h, a time when all enzymes studied showed widespread decreased activity throughout the proximal tubule. After 24 h, the pars convoluta appeared morphologically normal but the pars recta was necrotic and exhibited calcification, whereas enzyme activity was decreased (absent in some cases) in both pars convoluta and pars recta. These results support the hypothesis that Hg++, when given in a sublethal dose, is associated with early histochemical changes in the brush border of the proximal tubule, which may be related to early changes in sodium reabsorption and to the subsequent development of acute renal failure. The observation that changes in plasma membrane-associated enzymes occur early and prior to alterations in enzymes of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum suggests that Hg++ interacts initially with the plasma membrane.
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PMID:Studies on the pathophysiology of acute renal failure. II. A histochemical study of the proximal tubule of the rat following administration of mercuric chloride. 18 27

1. Rate sedimentation and isopycnic centrifugation were used to analyse the subcellular sites of enzymes in homogenates of goldfish intestinal mucosa. 2. The results allowed the following allocations to be made: carnitine acetyl transferase-mitochondrial and peroxisomal, xanthine dehydrogenase and NAD: alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase soluble phase, NADP: isocitrate dehydrogenase soluble phase and mitochondrial, and 2-naphthyl laurate hydrolase microsomal and/or brush border. 3. Histochemistry confirmed the use of alkaline phosphatase and 1-naphthyl acetate esterase as brush border and microsome markers respectively. 4. Urate oxidase, allantoinase, allantoicase, xanthine oxidase and glycollate/lactate oxidase, activities were undetectable, and 1-naphthyl palmitate hydrolase was present only as a contaminant from pancreas.
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PMID:Intestinal peroxisomes of goldfish (Carassius auratus)--examination for hydrolase, dehydrogenase and carnitine acetyltransferase activities. 31 95

Mycotoxic porcine nephropathy was induced by p.o. administration of crystalline ochratoxin A for periods of 5 days, 3 months and 2 years. Enzyme activities of the renal tissue were studied histochemically. These were NADH-tetrazolium reductase, NADPH-tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, unspecific acid phosphatase and unspecific alkaline phosphatase. The activity of NADH-tetrazolium reductase and succinate dehydrogenase was reduced in the proximal tubule of all nephrons after 5 days ochratoxin A exposure and remained reduced after 3 months and 2 years exposure. The effect of ochratoxin A on these enzymes would appear to cause the impairment of proximal tubular function and the morphological changes observed in the proximal tubule in ochratoxin A-induced mycotoxic porcine nephropathy. The localization of alterations in enzyme activity corresponds to the localization of ochratoxin A previously demonstrated in the kidney. The activities of NADPH-tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and unspecific alkaline phosphatase were reduced focally corresponding to the areas with focal tubular atrophy and the degree of reduction was roughly parallel to the degree of atrophy.
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PMID:Ochratoxin A-induced mycotoxic porcine nephropathy: alterations in enzyme activity in tubular cells. 47 26

In the paper we observed histochemically the distribution and activity of 16 enzymes in the normal rat gastric mucosa. The lysosomal enzymes were demonstrated by the method of semipermeable membranes (LOJDA 1972). At the proof of dehydrogenases aqueous and gel media were used. The parietal cells of the gastric mucosa contained a moderate activity of acid phosphatase, E-600 resistant esterase, and only a very slight activity of beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. The macrophages of the interstice contained a high activity of beta-glucruonidase, acid phosphatase, E-600 resistant esterase and a low activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. The chief cells of the rat gastric mucosa, in contrast to the human, did not contain nonspecific esterase and also in them acid phosphatase was mostly lacking. The alkaline phosphatase was found only in the endothelium of the capillaries of the gastric mucosa. The parietal cells contained high activities of succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, NADH tetrazolium reductase, a lower activity of NADPH tetrazolium reductase, as well as other soluable dehydrogenases. At the examination of dehydrogenases using aqueous as well as gel media with PMS during optimal short incubation periods, we found more and less active forms of parietal cells. The different oxidoreductase capacity of parietal cells in normal rat gastric mucosa can point to their unequal-functional load at the production of hydrochloric acid. The findings obtained are compared with the findings in older papers concerning different experimental animals and with the distribution of enzymes in the human gastric mucosa.
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PMID:Histochemical localization of enzymes in the normal rat gastric mucosa using the technique of the semipermeable membranes and the other methods. 82 7

The thyroid gland of guinea pigs were studied morphologically. Histochemical methods were used for detection of lactate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. The distribution of "C"-cells in normal thyroid glands was proved to be uneven. In the center of the gland they were more numerous. For statistical investigations the method of silver impregnation of "C"-cells is more practicable, since they can not be obviously distinguished from acinar cells on the basis of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase only. The activity of cholinestarase in "C"-cells and in some other cells of folliculi epithelium is very high. A supposition is made that there exist two kinds of the follicular lining thyrocytes, having different histochemical properties and histogenesis as well.
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PMID:[Histochemical studies of several "K"-cell enzymes in guinea pig thyroid glands]. 125 32

Virological and cytochemical parameters of blood leukocytes during acute stenosing laryngotracheitis in 53 children were measured, viz. succinate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase. The patients were subjected to a combined treatment which included metabolites and their cofactors. The treatment gave good results, shortening the duration and reducing the number of relapses of the disease.
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PMID:[Enzymatic status of leukocytes and its correction in acute stenosing laryngotracheitis in children]. 166 58

In the structures of the nucleus supraopticus, changes of the activity of some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, butyrylcholinesterase, succinate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) were studied in rat brains exposed to high supralethal doses of gamma radiation at early time interval after irradiation. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase increased in the wall of blood capillaries after irradiation with 50, 150, 500 Gy. The dose of 500 Gy induced the most pronounced activity. These membrane enzymes are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. The activity of acid phosphatase, acid nonspecific esterase and thiamine pyrophosphatase increased in magnocellular neurons after irradiation with all doses of gamma radiation. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase showed a decreased activity in neurons, neuropil and capillaries.
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PMID:Effect of ionizing radiation on the nucleus supraopticus. 183 85


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