Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With an aim to investigate the relative sensitivity of various renal structures to allograft rejection, we analyzed the histochemical reaction intensity of seven enzymes prominently displayed in various rat kidney components, and correlated the expression of these enzymes both to the degree of intra-graft inflammation and to the expression of class II MHC antigens in graft capillary endothelial cells. Syngeneic transplants and normal renal tissue were used as controls. At the peak of inflammation, on the fifth day after transplantation, adenosine triphosphatase activity of vascular endothelial cells was strongly reduced in the peritubular capillary endothelium of the allograft, moderately in the glomerular endothelium but very little in the endothelium of arteries and veins. Lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities were moderately reduced in the proximal tubular cells of the allograft and even less in the distal tubular cells. The results suggest that the prime target of the host immune attack is the intertubular capillary endothelium, whereas the distal tubular cells are relatively insensitive to immune injury.
 ...
PMID:Renal target structures in acute allograft rejection: a histochemical study. 303 33

The present study was conducted on bone tissue responses to irradiation towards a treatment model of mandibular irradiation injury by comparing the results of experimental observations of irradiation effects on rabbit hind legs and rat mandibular bones (paper I, II and III) with clinical observations of irradiation effects on the human mandible (paper IV, V and VI). The main results of the study were as follows: Bone marrow haemorrhage, eosinophilia and incipient edema were encountered in the rabbit leg one day after a single irradiation dose. Edema and fibrosis were the salient features after five weeks, while both regenerative and fibrotic changes predominated eleven weeks after irradiation. The changes were the more extensive the greater the irradiation dose was. Empty lacunae as a sign of cell damage in cortical bone already appeared on the first day after irradiation; this effect reached its maximum when the dose was 20 Gy or more. Bone marrow and subcutaneous tissue pO2 and pCO2 were measured by means of implanted Silastic tonometers in irradiated and nonirradiated rabbit hind legs. Single dose irradiation was followed by a rapid, dose dependent decrease of marrow pO2. The corresponding effect on pCO2 was weaker and appeared later. The response to hyperoxia in the bone marrow became weaker when the irradiation dose increased. Less significant was the response of CO2 tension to hyperoxia. O2 and CO2 tensions were recovered after single dose irradiation both in subcutaneous tissue and in bone marrow, but the reduction was less in bone marrow. During the twelve weeks observation period clearly better recovery in tissue gas tensions was observed in subcutaneous tissue than in bone marrow. Nonirradiated periosteal grafts on irradiated bone cavities in the rabbit tibia induced more rapid and intense mature bone formation than irradiated periosteal grafts. The irradiated periosteum, even after a single dose of 20 Gy, had some osteogenetic capacity. The alkaline phosphatase content was lowered eight weeks after surgery in irradiated legs but clearly exceeded control values twelve weeks after surgery indicating new bone formation. Lysosomal enzyme DAP II contents were increased in all irradiated specimens as a sign of disturbed bone formation. The tissue concentrations of acid phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in the immediate postirradiation period showed a greater increase in activity in the cut lines of the irradiated rat mandibles than in those of the nonirradiated mandibles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Bone tissue response to irradiation and treatment model of mandibular irradiation injury. An experimental and clinical study. 309 Aug 54

Within the uterine glands, the following enzymes were demonstrated by histochemical methods after 30, 58, 80, 100, and 110 d of pregnancy, respectively: beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, esterases, cytochrome oxidase, 5-nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase, adenosine triphosphatase, diaphorases (NADH, NADPH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), lactate dehydrogenase. The results show that the activities of G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, and cytochrome oxidase increase within secreting cells during the 2nd half of pregnancy. The activities of the other enzymes remained almost unchanged during the period of investigation. The description of our results distinguishes between gland neck, middle, and distal part of the secretory unit, respectively. In general, the enzyme activities are similar within the middle and distal gland segments, but lower in the epithelia of the neck region. The activity of dehydrogenases was medium to intensive within the middle and distal gland segments, but only low to medium within the neck portion. Of the hydrolases, the acid phosphatase, ATPase, leucine aminopeptidase, and beta-galactosidase demonstrated an intensive activity within activity secreting cells. The enzyme activities of the gland epithelia are compared with these of the uterine surface epithelia and the histochemical results are discussed in context with their significance in histiotrophic nutrition.
 ...
PMID:[Enzyme histochemistry of the pig placenta. III. Histotopics of enzymes in the uterine epithelium]. 309 49

This communication presents the results obtained in tubular aggregates of 24 enzyme histochemical techniques for demonstrating activity of oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases and isomerases. The activity characteristics of the tubular aggregates in m. gluteus medius of 18 patients with diseases of the neuromuscular system were almost identical. A high activity of the mitochondrial enzymes, NADPH: tetrazolium oxidoreductase, NADH:tetrazolium oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase, could be shown in the pathological structures, whereas the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes, glycerol-3-phosphate:menadione oxidoreductase, succinate:PMS oxidoreductase, malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase and isocitrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, and the partial mitochondrial enzymes, malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase and isocitrate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, was very slight or even absent. There was a moderate to strong activity of the glycolytic enzymes lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglucomutase and glucose phosphate isomerase. In contrast, the activity of alpha-glucan phosphorylase was slight. The activity of phosphogluconate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase and 5'-nucleotidase was slight, whereas there was no activity of myosin ATPase and mitochondrial ATPase, acid phosphatase or alkaline phosphatase. The high activity of AMP-deaminase was very striking. The activity of peroxidase was moderate. Results obtained with adsorption studies point to adsorption of some of the enzymes studied to the tubular aggregates in vivo and this phenomenon very probably determined the histochemical characteristics of these structures.
 ...
PMID:Histochemical features of tubular aggregates in diseased human skeletal muscle fibres. 317 98

The frequency of hybrid formation between two Trypanosoma brucei clones during cyclical transmission through Glossina morsitans centralis was analyzed. In two independent experiments, teneral G. m. centralis were infected with an equal mixture of two T. brucei clones showing different homozygous isoenzyme patterns for isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD; E.C.1.1.1.42) and alkaline phosphatase (AP; E.C. 3.1.3.1). Trypanosomes were cyclically transmitted to mice from 23 infective flies and the subsequent bloodstream-form populations were characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Heterozygous patterns for ICD and AP indicated that hybrid formation occurred in at least 9 of the 23 vectors. There was further evidence that extrusion of hybrid parasites with saliva from a single fly was not necessarily continuous but could alter over time with the occurrence of either or both of the homozygous parental clones.
 ...
PMID:The timing and frequency of hybrid formation in African trypanosomes during cyclical transmission. 323 78

Changes in carbohydrate metabolism were studied in midgut gland, muscle, and gill tissues of marine prawn Penaeus indicus exposed to a sublethal concentration (0.3 ppm) of phosphamidon. A significant decrease in glycogen and pyruvate and an increase in lactate content were observed in all phosphamidon-exposed prawn tissues after 96 hr. An increase in phosphorylase a and aldolase activity levels suggested the increased formation of triose sugars during phosphamidon toxicity. LDH activity was considerably decreased and an increment in lactate content was observed which indicates reduced mobilization of pyruvate into the citric acid cycle. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was considerably increased, suggesting the enhanced oxidation of glucose in the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway. Krebs cycle enzymes such as NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase were found to be decreased, suggesting the impairment in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism due to the acute toxic impact of phosphamidon. Cytochrome-c oxidase and Mg2+ ATPase activity levels were also decreased considerably, suggesting impaired energy synthesis and breakdown during phosphamidon toxicity, as a result of reduced oxidation of glucose aerobically. The increase in acid and alkaline phosphatase activities indicates the enhanced breakdown of phosphate to release energy in view of inhibiton or impairment in the ATPase system during phosphamidon-induced stress. These results suggest that phosphamidon has a profound effect on the oxidative metabolism of prawn which results in the triggering of compensatory metabolic pathways for survivability.
 ...
PMID:Modulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the selected tissues of marine prawn, Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards), under phosphamidon-induced stress. 337 38

In porcine areolar placental epithelia, the following enzymes were demonstrated by histochemical methods after 30, 58, 80, 100, and 110 d of pregnancy, respectively: beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterases, cytochrome oxidase, 5-nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase, adenosine triphosphatase, diaphorases (NADH, NADPH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), lactate dehydrogenase. The results show that the enzyme activities remained almost unchanged during the period of investigation. Of the dehydrogenases, the diaphorases as well as succinate and lactate dehydrogenase demonstrated generally an intensive activity within the epithelia. The activity of the other dehydrogenases was only low. The activity of unspecific esterase was very intensive within the uterine epithelia but remarkably low within chorionic epithelia. Contrarily, the reaction of adenosine triphosphatase was more intensive within chorionic than uterine epithelia. All investigated glucosidases reacted distinctly positive within chorionic epithelia, but only beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase and beta-galactosidase in uterine epithelia. The high activity of acid phosphatase, especially within the chorionic epithelium, seems to be connected with uteroferrin, an iron-binding protein. The histochemical results are discussed in context with the function of the areolae in histiotrophic nutrition and iron transport.
 ...
PMID:[Enzyme-histochemical studies of the pig placenta. II. Histotopics of enzymes in the areolar placenta epithelium]. 392 41

The serum enzymes of pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium and of uninfected pigs were assayed. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and ceruloplasmin activities were significantly increased in the serum of the infected pigs.
 ...
PMID:Changes in serum enzyme activities in pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium. 400 13

The effects of a diet containing a high proportion of rapeseed meal on the activity of certain plasma enzymes were studied in laying birds. The enzymes studied were alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate transaminase (AST), L-gamma-glutamyl-transferase (gamma-GT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), leucine arylamidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). No notable differences were observed between the plasma AP, LAP or SDH activities of the birds given the rapeseed meal and the birds receiving a soyabean meal control diet throughout the experiment. However, the plasma AST and gamma-GT activities of the treated birds showed slight elevations while their plasma ICDH and MDH activities showed more marked elevations, which are indicative of liver damage, in response to the diet. Macroscopic observations of the livers of the birds at the end of the experiment were in fairly good accord with the elevation in plasma ICDH and MDH activities noted for the individual birds.
 ...
PMID:Plasma enzyme activities indicative of liver cell damage in laying fowl given a diet containing 20 per cent of rapeseed meal. 610 67

The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the activity of highly purified or crystalline enzymes has been studied. The enzymes were: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH). isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH), lipase, alkaline phosphatase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, always under the critical micellar concentration, shows a selective inhibitory effect. A kinetic analysis of the inhibitory action on LDH, MDH, ICDH and G6P-DH was also carried out.
 ...
PMID:[Sodium dodecyl sulfate, concurrent inhibitor of several dehydrogenases]. 621 65


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>