Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our previous studies showed that polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) induced hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in dairy cattle but did not elevate hepatic cytosolic ornithine decarboxylase or serum isocitrate dehydrogenase. These enzymes would be expected to increase during hepatotoxic injury and regeneration. Thus, PBB appeared to be a hepatotoxin in rats but not in cattle. In order to identify and confirm the response capability of bovine liver to hepatotoxins, we administered thioacetamide, a hepatotoxin known to induce hepatonecrosis, to a dairy calf. A progression of clinical signs of toxicosis was evident until the animal was moribund by 23 hr postdosing. Histolopathologic alterations in the liver included centrilobular necrosis with congestion and subcapsular microhemmorrhage. Marked changes in serum protein profiles were not noted. However, distinct increases in serum Fe and bilirubin occurred with progressing toxicosis, as did sharp declines in glucose and triglycerides. Serum lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamic-pyruvate transaminase were elevated. Elevation of ornithine decarboxylase was dramatic when compared to the level in normal fetal bovine liver. From studies of its kinetic properties, bovine liver ornithine decarboxylase appears to have an apparent Km for ornithine decarboxylase of .45 mM. Liver homogenates from PBB-treated animals did not form inhibitors to ornithine decarboxylase. Compared with the thioacetamide-treated calf, the normal adult bovine, pregnant adult and 6-month fetus had relative activities of .2 .4 and 5.8%, respectively. These studies show that ornithine decarboxylase is low in liver of normal cattle, but is elevated markedly by agents that cause hepatonecrosis.
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PMID:Ornithine decarboxylase, serum isocitrate dehydrogenase and clinical chemistry changes during thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in a calf. 734 23

Blood samples were taken before and after a cross country race over the marathon distance of 42 km. There was a rise in blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids and glycerol associated with a rise in plasma cortisol and glucagon but the fall in insulin was not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma potassium and albumin concentrations increased, calcium decreased and there was no change in sodium or bicarbonate concentrations. There was an increase in plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin and isocitrate dehydrogenase but no change in alkaline phosphatase. There was a rise in plasma creatine kinase. These results of a competitive race are compared with those of the 80 km non-competitive Golden Horseshoe Ride.
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PMID:A biochemical study of the Arab Horse Society's marathon race. 746 99

Mutations in the genes age-1 and daf-2 extend life span of Caenorhabditis elegans by 100 and 200%, respectively, in axenic culture. Adult worms that are mutant in either of these genes have higher metabolic capacities, called metabolic rate potentials, at all ages and the extension of their life expectancies are positively correlated with the increases of metabolic rate potential. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, isocitrate lyase, and malate synthase are all higher relative to those in worms that are wild type for these genes, but acid phosphatase is down-regulated and alkaline phosphatase activity is lowered to 10% of the activity measured in age-1(+) and daf-2(+) worms. These results suggest that genes that regulate metabolic activity may play central roles in longevity and senescence.
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PMID:The gerontogenes age-1 and daf-2 determine metabolic rate potential in aging Caenorhabditis elegans. 755 26

The effect of DL alpha-lipoic acid on the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin was examined. Intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day) to rats resulted in decreased activity of the glycolytic enzymes-hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase. The two gluconeogenic enzymes--glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, the transmembrane enzymes namely the Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and the brushborder enzyme alkaline phosphatase, also showed decreased activities. This decrease in the activities of ATPases and alkaline phosphatase suggests basolateral and brush border membrane damage. Decreased activity of the TCA cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), suggests a loss in mitochondrial integrity. These biochemical disturbances were effectively counteracted by lipoic acid administration. Lipoic acid administration by gastric intubation at two different concentrations (10 mg and 25 mg/kg/day) brought about an increase in the activity of the glycolytic enzymes, ATPases and the TCA cycle enzymes. The gluconeogenic enzymes however showed a further decrease in their activities at both the concentrations of lipoic acid administered. These observations shed light on the nephroprotective action of lipoic acid against experimental aminoglycoside toxicity and the protection afforded at 25 mg/kg/day of lipoic acid was noted to be higher than that at 10 mg level.
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PMID:Role of DL alpha-lipoic acid in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. 765 73

Hepatotoxic effects of inorganic mercury with and without pretreatment of phenobarbitone and promethazine have been described in experiments on domesticated rabbits. The total body weight and the relative liver weight decreased after mercury treatment under all experimental conditions. After phenobarbitone (PB) treatment, the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities decreased to 31%, 77%, 20%, and 27%, respectively, whereas the serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity increased 54%. After promethazine (PM) treatment, however, the serum GPT activity was inhibited 73%, whereas the serum LDH activity increased 53%. Both hepatic GPT and AP activities decreased after PB (41% and 46%, respectively) and after PM (50% and 52%, respectively) treatments, while the activities of LDH and ICDH increased (after PB: 924% and 108%, respectively; after PM: 147% and 40%, respectively). After mercuric chloride (HgCl2) treatment, the serum GOT, GPT, LDH, and ICDH activities decreased 69%, 83%, 11%, and 48%, respectively. The hepatic GOT, LDH, and AP activities increased 56%, 129%, and 51%, respectively. The administration of HgCl2 in PB-pretreated animals was associated with a decrease in the activities of serum GOT and AP (57% and 69%, respectively), while the ICDH activity increased 27%. The hepatic GOT, GPT, and AP increased 58%, 135%, and 77%, respectively, after mercury treatment, whereas LDH and ICDH were inhibited 78% and 29%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Sublethal effects of inorganic mercury on the body growth rate and liver function enzymes of phenobarbitone-pretreated and promethazine-pretreated rabbits. 788 43

Cisplatin, a nephrotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, was injected into Sprague Dawley rats, alone or together with cysteine, vitamin E and clonidine. The effects on erythrocyte fragility, serum composition, and kidney and liver enzymes were studied. Cisplatin was administered as two i.p. injections (6 mg/kg body weight) at an interval of 120 hours. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the second injection. Erythrocytes were prepared from blood collection with anticoagulant. Serum was prepared from clotted blood, collected without anticoagulant. Kidneys and liver were removed and homogenized, and a supernatant prepared by high speed centrifugation. In cisplatin-treated rats, the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased, whereas the activities of isocitric dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase were increased. Also, concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total lipids and magnesium increased while albumin and glucose decreased. Mean osmotic fragility of erythrocytes from cisplatin-treated rats was decreased, while the haematocrit was increased. In the liver, the only change seen was an increased activity of isocitric dehydrogenase. Much greater changes were found in the kidneys, with increased activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and decreased activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, malic dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, as well as a decreased phosphorylation to oxidation ratio in the mitochondria, indicating reduced adenosine triphosphate production. Administration of cysteine and vitamin E together with cisplatin partially reversed the uraemia and many of the biochemical changes induced by cisplatin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in serum, liver and kidneys of cisplatin-treated rats; effects of antioxidants. 788 81

Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) administered at a dose of 1mg/kg body wt/day for 5 days decreased hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (63%) and increased isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activity (127%). After withdrawal of HgCl2 treatment for 10 days, the LDH and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities showed 56% and 40% decrease, respectively, while alkaline phosphatase (AkP) activity increased 4.12 fold. The ICDH activity got normalized. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GDT) was not affected at all. The hepatic LDH, ICDH and GPT activities decreased 58%, 72% and 82%, respectively, five days after partial hepatectomy (PH), while AkP activity increased 90%. At the end of 15 days after PH, the hepatic ICDH activity increased 4.27 fold, while GPT and GOT activities decreased 67% and 91%, respectively. The hepatic ICDH activity of PH-rabbit increased 53%, after 5 days of HgCl2 treatment post-PH, while GPT and AkP activities decreased 89% and 97%, respectively, during this period. The ICDH activity increased 416%, 10 days after the last dose, while all other enzymes showed normal values. The total body growth rate and relative liver weight decreased under all experimental conditions.
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PMID:Effect of mercuric chloride on the activities of some hepatic enzymes of regenerating rabbit liver following partial hepatectomy. 858 May 32

Electrophoretic variation of enzymes in five Eimeria spp. of the domestic fowl, including nine strains, ten single-sporocyst clones and two single-sporozoite clones of E. acervulina, three strains each of E. maxima and E. tenella, two strains of E. praecox and one strain of E. necatrix, were assayed using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Ten enzymes [aldehyde oxidase (AO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase (AMY), fumarate hydratase (FUM), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), glutamate-oxaloacetate transferase (GOT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM)] were analyzed for their ability to distinguish between these species and strains. Enzymatic activity of G6PDH, GPI, IDH, MDH and PGM was detected in all the Eimeria spp. examined. Strains within each species were characterized by the same electrophoretic variant of G6PDH. Electrophoretic variants of GPI and PGM were the most valuable in the identification of inter- and intra-specific variation, particularly in the field strains of E. acervulina and E. tenella. These two enzymes were used to examine single-sporocyst and single-sporozoite clones derived from two strains of E. acervulina. The enzymes in E. maxima appeared to be conserved, showing no variation among strains with the five enzymes detected. Relative mobilities, calculated as described in this paper, were found to be consistent between different electrophoresis runs and may serve as a reference when this medium is used.
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PMID:Isoenzymes of Eimeria from the domestic fowl: electrophoretic variants among species, strains and clones. 919 94

Hepatotoxic effects of chromium have been studied on the liver function enzymes of male New Zealand white rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, with and without pretreatment with phenobarbitone (PB) and promethazine (PM). The total body weight was decreased under all experimental conditions. After PB administration (5 mg/kg body wt/day for 5 days), the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activities decreased 21%, 65%, 25%, and 37%, respectively, whereas the alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity increased 70%. After PM treatment (5 mg/kg body wt/day for 5 days) the serum GPT was inhibited 73%, whereas LDH activity was increased 37%. The hepatic GPT and AP activities decreased after PB (52% and 31%, respectively), and PM (48% and 44%, respectively) treatments, whereas the activities of LDH and ICDH increased (after PB: 817% and 109%, respectively, and after PM: 136% and 44%, respectively). Potassium dichromate, administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg body wt/day for 5 days, decreased serum GOT (44%), GPT (61%), LDH (63%), and AP (44%) activities. The hepatic GOT, GPT and AP activities were likewise decreased (86%, 51%, and 46%, respectively), whereas hepatic LDH and ICDH activities increased 667% and 193%, respectively. When administered to PB-pretreated animals, the serum GOT and AP activities were decreased (50% and 68%), whereas ICDH was increased (29%). The hepatic GOT, LDH, and ICDH activities increased 79%, 221%, and 130%, respectively. In the PM-pretreated animals, the chromium treatment inhibited the activities of serum GOT (48%), GPT (44%), and LDH (43%). The hepatic GPT, LDH, and ICDH activities increased 90%, 133%, and 52%, respectively.
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PMID:Sublethal effects of hexavalent chromium on the body growth rate and liver function enzymes of phenobarbitone-pretreated and promethazine-pretreated rabbits. 925 33

The synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex) was administered subcutaneously (1.5 mg/day/rat) in 3-days pretreatment regimens (Days 2-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-10 and 10-12) to pseudopregnant rats in which decidualization was surgically induced and to pregnant rats. Variability in endometrial growth during decidualization and in the fetoplacental homeostasis of pregnancy was assessed at the end of each treatment period (Days 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12). During decidualization, endometrial growth (wet weight, protein and DNA) displayed significant (p < 0.05) time-dependent inhibitory profiles which rose steeply from Day 4 to Day 6 and declined thereafter to Day 10 in fairly well defined linear patterns. For the endometrial enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and the matrix metalloproteinases--72 and 92 kDa), although the inhibitory patterns were inconsistent, a Days 6-8 treatment regimen seemed to be critical. By contrast Dex treatment induced progressive inhibition in serum progesterone concentrations from Day 2, to peak levels by Day 12. This indicates that time-related Dex inhibition of endometrial growth appeared not to be progesterone-mediated since the endometrial and progesterone inhibitory profiles were not in synchrony. The inhibitory effect of Dex under the pregnancy status demonstrated that birth potentials, fetal and placental weights, all had similar response patterns which rose from Day 4 to Day 8 and then underwent reductions to Day 12. Collectively, the results indicate that there was time dependency in growth inhibition by Dex at the endometrial and fetoplacental levels. Maximal sensitivity to drug exposure essentially coincided with the immediate post-traumal (decidualization) and postimplantation (pregnancy) periods.
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PMID:Temporal glucocorticoid treatment: modulation of periodic endometrial responses during decidualization and pregnancy in rats. 928 13


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