Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There were significant changes in enzyme activities and concentrations of metabolites in the blood and liver of cows with fatty livers when compared to normal cows. Blood and liver samples were taken from cows at the abattoir immediately after slaughter. The liver was checked for pathological signs and the samples were divided according to the degree of fatty changes. Three groups were studied: controls showing no gross pathological signs, mild fatty infiltration and severe infiltration. In cows with fatty liver, there were significant increases in the serum activities of isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). In the fatty liver, the activities of the enzymes, ICDH, G6PDH, LDH, MDH, ALP and malic enzyme (ME) were significantly higher, while sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was significantly lower. While serum total lipid decreased, the opposite was seen in the liver with higher lipid content, mainly due to triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The significant increases in the NADPH generating enzymes ME, ICDH, G6PDH and MDH, which are required for fatty acid synthesis, suggest that the lipids accumulated in the liver are not only of extrahepatic origin, mobilized into the liver, but also arise from increased lipid synthesis in the liver which is induced during the laying down of fat in the liver. Measurement of the serum NADPH generating enzymes may serve as a useful biochemical test specific for fatty liver in cows.
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PMID:Biochemical changes associated with the fatty liver syndrome in cows. 339 48

Common bile duct ligation (CBDL) in rats was used to induce liver disease and secondary kidney damage. The biochemical changes in the liver, kidney and plasma were studied at 3, 6, 10 and 21 days post CBDL. The observed alterations climaxed at the 6th day following ligation. Renal, activities of aldolase (ALD), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were lowered in CBDL rats. Further, microsomal Na,K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase and mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation were inhibited. In the liver from CBDL rats the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Mg-ATPase and ALP were elevated, while SDH, ALD, malic dehydrogenase (MDH), LDH, malic enzyme (ME) and Na,K-ATPase were lowered. Plasma enzymes, AST, ALP, MDH, LDH, ALD, acid phosphatase (ACP) and ICDH and the metabolites bile acids, bilirubin, creatinine and urea were elevated. Addition of bile acids or bilirubin at concentrations comparable to those found in the plasma of CBDL rats, to the reaction mixture of the various enzymes strongly inhibited most, particularly mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. High concentrations of these substances in the blood may explain the development of renal failure during liver disease and its reversibility when liver function returns to normal.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in liver, kidney and blood associated with common bile duct ligation. 378 11

In porcine areolar placental epithelia, the following enzymes were demonstrated by histochemical methods after 30, 58, 80, 100, and 110 d of pregnancy, respectively: beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterases, cytochrome oxidase, 5-nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase, adenosine triphosphatase, diaphorases (NADH, NADPH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), lactate dehydrogenase. The results show that the enzyme activities remained almost unchanged during the period of investigation. Of the dehydrogenases, the diaphorases as well as succinate and lactate dehydrogenase demonstrated generally an intensive activity within the epithelia. The activity of the other dehydrogenases was only low. The activity of unspecific esterase was very intensive within the uterine epithelia but remarkably low within chorionic epithelia. Contrarily, the reaction of adenosine triphosphatase was more intensive within chorionic than uterine epithelia. All investigated glucosidases reacted distinctly positive within chorionic epithelia, but only beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase and beta-galactosidase in uterine epithelia. The high activity of acid phosphatase, especially within the chorionic epithelium, seems to be connected with uteroferrin, an iron-binding protein. The histochemical results are discussed in context with the function of the areolae in histiotrophic nutrition and iron transport.
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PMID:[Enzyme-histochemical studies of the pig placenta. II. Histotopics of enzymes in the areolar placenta epithelium]. 392 41

The serum enzymes of pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium and of uninfected pigs were assayed. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and ceruloplasmin activities were significantly increased in the serum of the infected pigs.
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PMID:Changes in serum enzyme activities in pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium. 400 13

Although, in suitable patients, oral chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) dissolves gallstones, the results of recent animal studies suggest that it might be hepatotoxic. Liver function was therefore studied in patients with gallstones before and during treatment with CDCA and liver biopsies were carried out both in patients with cholelithiasis given bile acid therapy and in those who had been given no medical treatment. In 25 patients treated with 0.5-1.5 g CDCA/day (7-20 mg kg body weight(-1) day(-1)) there was no significant change in serum bilirubin, albumin, globulin, transaminase, isocitric dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels before and at monthly intervals during six months' treatment. The kinetics of bromsulphthalein (BSP) clearance and its apparent transport maximum were not significantly changed during CDCA therapy. The mean fasting serum bile acid concentrations of 18.0 +/- SEM 1.2 mumoles/litre before and 20.0 +/- 3.5 mumoles/litre during treatment were both significantly greater than control values. Liver histology was not appreciably different in 11 patients treated with CDCA from that in eight patients with untreated cholelithiasis and in three patients who had received CDCA three to four months before biopsy. These results suggest that in doses of 0.5 to 1.5 g/day CDCA is not hepatotoxic in man.
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PMID:Liver structure and function in cholelithiasis: effect of chenodeoxycholic acid. 415 91

The activity of certain serum enzymes ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT), serum isocitric dehydrogenase (SIC-D), total serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes (LD(1) and LD(5)) was evaluated as a mean of assessing experimental hepatic necrosis on dogs treated with CCl(4). Measurement of activity levels of these enzymes, seldom carried out in veterinary clinical pathology, was made together with tests commonly used in our laboratories: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP), cholesterol, bilirubin and prothrombin time. Measurement of the level of OCT was useful in the diagnosis of liver necrosis. The SIC-D level was important during the first four days of the experiment, but on subsequent days, the enzymatic activity was practically normal. Because of the wide variations of LDH serum levels in normal animals and since many factors influence its activity, the measurement of this enzyme and its isoenzymes was not a good index in the diagnosis of canine liver necrosis. The evaluation of cholesterol and bilirubin was judged of secondary importance because these metabolites are not specific to hepatic problems.A small battery of tests must be used to establish a precise diagnosis and a clear prognosis. To the routine tests like those for SGOT, SGPT and SAP, should be added the evaluation of OCT and SIC-D.
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PMID:[Serum enzymes for the diagnosis of experimental acute hepatic necrosis]. 424 68

The effects of a diet containing a high proportion of rapeseed meal on the activity of certain plasma enzymes were studied in laying birds. The enzymes studied were alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate transaminase (AST), L-gamma-glutamyl-transferase (gamma-GT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), leucine arylamidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). No notable differences were observed between the plasma AP, LAP or SDH activities of the birds given the rapeseed meal and the birds receiving a soyabean meal control diet throughout the experiment. However, the plasma AST and gamma-GT activities of the treated birds showed slight elevations while their plasma ICDH and MDH activities showed more marked elevations, which are indicative of liver damage, in response to the diet. Macroscopic observations of the livers of the birds at the end of the experiment were in fairly good accord with the elevation in plasma ICDH and MDH activities noted for the individual birds.
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PMID:Plasma enzyme activities indicative of liver cell damage in laying fowl given a diet containing 20 per cent of rapeseed meal. 610 67

The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the activity of highly purified or crystalline enzymes has been studied. The enzymes were: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH). isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH), lipase, alkaline phosphatase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, always under the critical micellar concentration, shows a selective inhibitory effect. A kinetic analysis of the inhibitory action on LDH, MDH, ICDH and G6P-DH was also carried out.
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PMID:[Sodium dodecyl sulfate, concurrent inhibitor of several dehydrogenases]. 621 65

The food intake, gut weight, gut length, mucosal protein and mucosal activities of alkaline phosphate (EC 3.1.3.1), acid phosphate (EC 3.1.3.2), isocitric dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) and glucose-6-phosphate (EC 3.1.3.9) were measured in rats during pregnancy, lactation and after the young were weaned. In general, the quantities measured increased slightly during pregnancy and considerably during lactation, reaching maximum values during the 3rd weeks of lacation and falling more or less rapidly after the young were weaned to the same levels as those in unmated animals. However, the gut length and mucosal protein remained higher even 3 weeks after weaning, so that weight per unit length and specific enzyme activities (per mg protein) tended to be lower in mated than in unmated rats. Changes in the specific activities of enzymes indicate alterations of the metabolic function of the enterocytes during breeding similar to changes reported for digestive enzymes. It is suggested that the intestine may reflect changes that take place in the liver.
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PMID:Activities of some metabolic enzymes in the small intestinal mucosa during pregnancy and lactation in the rat. 625 36

Symptomatic post-menopausal women were treated with conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin; Ayerst International) 1.25 mg daily, continuously, adding either norethisterone (Primolut N; Schering Chemicals) 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg daily or D/L norgestrel (Wyeth Laboratories) 150 or 500 micrograms daily for 10 days each calendar month. Endometrial biopsies were obtained during estrogen therapy alone and on the 6th day of combined estrogen/progestin administration. Sensitive biochemical indices of estrogen and progestogenic activities were measured in th endometrial samples. These included measurements of DNA synthesis in epithelium and stroma by tritiated thymidine autoradiography; nuclear estradiol receptor content, and the activities of estradiol 17 beta and isocitric dehydrogenase and acid and alkaline phosphatase. Low dosages of progestins achieved maximal biochemical effects and the larger doses failed to enhance these responses. It is concluded that the dosages of progestins currently added in post-menopausal estrogen therapy are greatly in excess of those necessary to suppress endometrial proliferation effectively; lowering the daily progestin dosage is unlikely to result in any lessening of this protective effect and will probably reduce the incidence of side effects, as these appear to be dose-dependent.
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PMID:Dose-dependent effects of synthetic progestins on the biochemistry of the estrogenized post-menopausal endometrium. 628 30


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