Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), stages I to III, received long-term therapy with a combination of 600 mg ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and 1 mg colchicine given daily for more than 2 years. Drug toxicity was mild; one patient experienced diarrhoea that was probably due to colchicine. Serum levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminotransferase decreased by more than 50% of the initial values. Serum albumin and cholesterol levels also improved, but immunoglobulins and anti-mitochondrial antibody titre did not change. Histologic features in the eight patients who received serial liver biopsies before and 2 years after the beginning of treatment were evaluated. Piecemeal necrosis and portal inflammation were improved, but there was no change in portal fibrosis. Patients were divided into two groups; the first received both drugs from the outset, and the second group were started on UDCA for 3 months followed by the addition of colchicine. After 3 months, the improvement in serum bilirubin and ALPase in the first group was greater than in the second. However, in the second group, the ALPase levels had decreased significantly when measured at 6 and 9 months after the treatment compared with the levels at 3 months. These findings suggest that UDCA and colchicine may have a synergistic effect. This combination therapy appears to be safe and effective, both clinically and histologically, for treating PBC.
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PMID:Combination therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid and colchicine for primary biliary cirrhosis. 161 Oct 15

Three cases of bile duct necrosis owing to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAI) were reported. Regarding HAI, transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) was applied in two cases (hepatocellular carcinoma: 1; metastasis: 1) and 5-fluorouracil (continuous) combined with leucovorin (one shot) therapy (LV + 5-FU) was given to one metastatic case. In the data of blood biochemistry, serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and leucine aminopeptidase values characteristically elevated without the elevation of total bilirubin value. Hepatic tumors degenerated with necrosis in all cases and no viable cells were histologically recognized. Although the destruction of bile ducts was locally detected adjacent to these tumors in TAE cases and was more widespread in the LV + 5-FU case, these lesions were very similar in each case. Therefore, we concluded that both ischemia and drug toxicity induced bile duct necrosis and the necrosis around the bile duct was the secondary change due to the leaked bile juice.
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PMID:[Bile duct necrosis and hepatic necrosis following hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy]. 165 26

Primary cultures of renal rabbit proximal tubule cells were initiated from a pure suspension of proximal tubule fragments. Proximal tubule cells were grown in a hormone-supplemented, serum-free medium containing low concentrations of antibiotics. Confluent monolayers exhibited multicellular dome formation, indicating the presence of transepithelial solute and water transport. Ultrastructural examination revealed a monolayer of polarized epithelial cells with tight junctions and sparse membraneous microvilli facing the culture medium. Time course biochemical characterization was performed using a palette of 12 enzymes, representative of important metabolic functions or pathways. Brush-border-associated enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminopeptidase) were moderately reduced throughout the culture whereas alkaline phosphatase was markedly decreased at confluency. Mitochondrial and lysosomal marker enzymes were well preserved over the culture period. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained stable during the 16-day culture period investigated. Glycolysis enzyme activities (lactate dehydrogenase and hexokinase) were enhanced, as a function of culture age. Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity rise was concomitant with the increase of glycolysis marker enzymes. In contrast, the gluconeogenesis marker enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase, fell dramatically to reach a low level equivalent to 4% of the activity measured in isolated proximal tubules. Primary cultures exhibited several differentiated functions of the proximal tubule cell: (a) PTH alone was able to induce a significant stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity, unlike isoproterenol, thyrocalcitonin, and arginine vasopressin, and (b) sodium-dependent alpha-methylglucoside (AMG) transport was detected. This AMG uptake was selectively inhibited by phlorizin (5 X 10(-3) M), which is a competitive inhibitor of glucose uptake at the apical membrane. Complete characterization made it possible to investigate hitherto unexplored aspects of in vitro cultured proximal tubule cells. This primary culture model could provide a useful and reliable tool to investigate in vitro renal proximal tubule function, under normal conditions or after a drug-induced toxicity.
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PMID:Biochemical, functional, and morphological characterization of a primary culture of rabbit proximal tubule cells. 167

There are several problems in measuring the activities of urinary enzymes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) which are derived from renal tubulus. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the basic methodological problems in measuring these enzyme activities. Our results indicate that it is not necessary to dialyze urine when determining these three enzymes, except for alkaline phosphatase activity measured by the Kind-King method. Because of contamination of urine by bacteria and cell elements, the enzyme activity is influenced by centrifugal conditions that depend on time and speed. Our results propose that it is necessary, at least, to centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain satisfactory data. Generally, a 24 hour urine sample instead of spot urine sample should be used for measuring the enzyme activity. However if correcting gamma-GTP activity by creatinine, even a spot urine sample may be used for clinical use.
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PMID:[Determination of the activity of urinary enzymes derived from renal tubulus]. 167 66

Analysis of brush border membrane proteins by gel electrophoresis has revealed a complex polypeptide composition. We have investigated the use of Triton X-114 phase partitioning to fractionate such proteins on the basis of their degree of hydrophobicity. Each of the fractions was composed of a complex but distinct set of proteins. Most proteins were solubilized by Triton X-114 and partitioned into the detergent-poor fraction. Trehalase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and leucine aminopeptidase were well solubilized (greater than 80%) and enriched 5.1-, 3.9-, and 2.5-fold in the detergent-rich fraction. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase were poorly solubilized. The specific activities of these enzymes were increased 2.7- and 2.3-fold in the insoluble protein fraction. Maltase was almost completely solubilized and partitioned into the detergent-poor fraction with a small enrichment factor (1.3). These results suggest that Triton X-114 phase partitioning could be useful as a first step in the purification of many brush border membrane proteins.
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PMID:Fractionation of renal brush border membrane proteins with Triton X-114 phase partitioning. 167 21

The hepatic abnormalities that developed after the splenectomy in 10 subjects with idiopathic myelofibrosis were analyzed. In all patients in whom a liver biopsy was performed during the splenectomy, extramedullary hematopoiesis was demonstrated, consisting of dysmorphic megakaryocytes primarily localized in the sinusoids, often accompanied by erythroid precursors. Following splenectomy, a significant increase in both the liver size and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was found within 6 months, whereas no such increase was observed in the serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase concentrations. In addition, 2 patients developed acute liver failure leading to death at 3 and 4 weeks from splenectomy, respectively. In contrast with these findings, no hepatic alterations were observed in 10 chronic myeloid leukemia patients who were also submitted to splenectomy.
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PMID:Liver dysfunction following splenectomy in idiopathic myelofibrosis: a study of 10 patients. 167 28

Diagnostic importance of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities estimation in bile was demonstrated during inflammation of biliary ducts and gallbladder. Activation of these enzymes in B-bile in cholecystitis and in B- and C-bile--in cholecystocholangitis enabled to perform topical diagnosis. Correlation between the enzymatic activity in bile and blood allowed to diagnose acute viral hepatitis B and its combination with inflammation of biliary cuts.
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PMID:[Diagnostic significance of determining gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood serum and bile in viral hepatitis B and in bile duct inflammation]. 167 6

Serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), AKP gamma-GT isoenzymes, and lipoprotein-X (LP-X) were measured in 97 normal pregnant women and 40 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). It was found that in ICP the changing patterns in the four hepatobiliary enzymes were different in different gestational weeks of 3 rd trimester. The changes of gamma-GT and 5'NT were more significant, especially the latter. Six bands were found both in serum AKP and gamma-GT isoenzymes. In ICP the rate of occurrence of AKP1 and AKP2 isoenzymes were elevated. Thus, gamma-GT, 5'-NT, AKP and gamma-GT isoenzymes might be more sensitive parameters for monitoring intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
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PMID:[Changes in hepatobiliary enzymes and its isoenzymes in intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy]. 167 17

The effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 450 mg daily) in patients with histologically proven chronic active hepatitis (CAH) have been evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Twenty-six patients with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values at least twice the normal upper limit in two of three pre-treatment tests received UDCA or a placebo for twelve weeks. In all UDCA-treated patients, serum aspartate amino-transferase (AST), ALT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) fell significantly after 4 weeks of treatment. There was a further decrease at the end of therapy, as well as a small but significant fall in total serum bilirubin. Conversely, 4 weeks after suspension of therapy, serum enzyme levels had increased, reaching values not much lower than those recorded before treatment. Total serum protein, albumin and gamma-globulin did not change after UDCA treatment. In the placebo group no significant variation in the test results were found. The results indicate that UDCA therapy in CAH, as has been observed in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, is able to improve several indices of liver damage, without producing any toxic adverse effects.
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PMID:Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on serum liver damage indices in patients with chronic active hepatitis. A double-blind controlled study. 167 91

The dynamics of 25 blood constituents in newborn calves were monitored. Eight calves were immediately removed from dams following birth. Jugular blood samples for carbohydrate determinations were taken at birth (within 2 min), 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h and every 12 h until 144 h of age. Samples for blood chemistries were taken at birth, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 144 h. Colostrum was first fed at either 1 h (group 1) or 12 h (group 2) of age. At birth, plasma glucose concentrations were lower than the plasma fructose in both groups. Plasma glucose increased substantially from birth to 24 h, whereas fructose decreased to nondetectable concentrations by 18 h. Increases in insulin were associated with time of first feeding. Serum cortisol decreased rapidly from birth to 3 h for group 1 and at 15 h for group 2. Colostrum intake resulted in increased activities of serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase at 6 h for group 1 and at 15 h for group 2. Activities of these enzymes decreased to "normal" values after 24-h samplings for group 1. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase increased gradually in activity over the first 24 h in both groups and decreased after 24 h for group 1. Triglycerides and cholesterol increased from birth to 24 h in both groups and continued to increase in group 1 until 144 h. Creatinine decreased and bilirubin increased from birth to 24 h in both groups. These changes indicated that the newborn calves were undergoing many adaptive changes in relation to either maintenance of homeostasis or nutrient intake.
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PMID:Carbohydrate, enzyme, and hematology dynamics in newborn calves. 168 Jan 31


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