Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Temporary occlusion of hepatic inflow is a useful maneuver to reduce hemorrhage from liver trauma and difficult hepatic resections. The liver can be protected with a hepatic protective solution before inflow occlusion, just as the stopped heart is protected by a cardioplegic solution during open heart surgery. Twenty dogs were divided into two groups. The portal inflow of group A was infused via the mesenteric venous branch with a hepatic protective solution composed of 250 mg of hydrocortisone, 15 mEq of KC1, 6 mL of 0.1 N HC1, 5 mL of 10% magnesium sulfate and 250 mg of dextrose in one liter of cold lactated Ringer's solution. Group B was infused with cold lactated Ringer's solution as a control. The hepatic artery and portal vein were isolated and then clamped for 30 minutes. The elevation of serum GOT and GPT after release of the clamps was significantly greater in group B, especially during the first 48 hours. The levels of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin were also higher in group B until the 7th day. The results liver biopsies 3 hours after release of the clamps revealed marked congestion and destruction of hepatocytes in group B. We conclude that liver perfusion with a hepatic protective solution before inflow occlusion results in less damage to liver tissue and less impairment of liver function. Such protection is important in liver surgery.
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PMID:Protection of liver ischemia due to inflow occlusion using prior perfusion with hepatic protective solution in dogs. 168 52

"Declamping shock" is observed after aortic crossclamping, with hypovolemia, hypotension, and metabolic acidemia invariably present. We hypothesized that oxidants derived from xanthine oxidase influence the resuscitative interventions required to maintain baseline hemodynamic and acid-base status after aortic occlusion and reperfusion in rabbits. We also hypothesized that inactivation of xanthine oxidase with sodium tungstate could reduce systemic injury as assessed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. To test these hypotheses, we established aortic occlusion in rabbits (n = 10, standard diet; n = 8, tungstate diet) for 40 minutes by inflation of a 4F Fogarty catheter in the descending thoracic aorta followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Sham-operated rabbits (n = 10, standard diet; n = 9, tungstate diet) served as controls. Tungstate-pretreated rabbits required significantly less Ringer's solution (28%), phenylephrine (68%), and sodium bicarbonate (30%) during reperfusion (p < 0.005). Lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase release during reperfusion was significantly attenuated by tungstate pretreatment (p < 0.05). Tungstate pretreatment resulted in plasma xanthine oxidase activities significantly lower than those in the sham group administered a standard diet (p = 0.007). Resuscitation requirements and systemic injury were reduced by inactivation of xanthine oxidase in a rabbit model that simulates the situation of human thoracic aorta operations.
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PMID:Xanthine oxidase inactivation attenuates postocclusion shock after descending thoracic aorta occlusion and reperfusion in rabbits. 756 38

A previously well 24-year-old man complained of persistent epigastric pain after a session of intensive muscle building exercise especially of the abdominal muscles. The abdomen was diffusely tender without guarding. There was an increased concentration of bilirubin (64.7 mumol/l), GOT (117 U/l), GPT (529 U/l) and alkaline phosphatase (150 U/l). Ultrasound examination showed a widening of the choledochal duct to 11 mm without signs of gallstones. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography additionally revealed contrast-medium extravasation from the left hepatic duct. Computed tomography, performed immediately afterwards, confirmed the extravasation, while liver and pancreas were unremarkable. Laparoscopy revealed a 5 mm tear in the left hepatic duct, close to the hepatic duct bifurcation with bile effusion into the peritoneal cavity. The latter was rinsed endoscopically with Ringer's solution and drains were placed in the omental bursa and subhepatically in the region of the bile leak. To relax the sphincter Oddi glycerol trinitrate was administered postoperatively, for the first five days 72 mg/24 h intravenously, then for nine days twice daily 20 mg by month. No more bile drained as early as the second postoperative day and the patient was free of symptoms 2 weeks later.
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PMID:[Spontaneous rupture of the left hepatic duct]. 845 9

The aim of this study was to fabricate bioactive porous CaSiO3 scaffolds and examine their effects on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells. In this study, porous CaSiO3 scaffolds were obtained by sintering a ceramic slip-coated polymer foam at 1350 degrees C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the scaffolds indicated that the products were essentially pure alpha-CaSiO3. The obtained scaffolds had a well-interconnected porous structure with pore sizes ranging from several micrometers to more than 100 microm and porosities of 88.5 +/- 2.8%. The in vitro bioactivity of the scaffolds was investigated by soaking them in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days and then characterizing them by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The results indicated that hydroxyapatite (HAp) was formed on the surface of the scaffolds. In addition, the scaffolds were incubated in Ringer's solution at 37 degrees C to study the in vitro degradation by measurement of weight loss after incubation, which showed that the CaSiO3 scaffolds were degradable. The cellular responses to the scaffolds were assessed in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. Osteoblast-like cells were seeded into the CaSiO3 scaffolds. SEM observations showed that there was significant cell adhesion, as the cells spread and grew in the scaffolds. In addition, the proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the cells in the scaffolds were improved as compared to the controls. These studies demonstrate initial in vitro cell compatibility and their potential application to bone tissue engineering.
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PMID:A novel bioactive porous CaSiO3 scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 1626 36

The aim of this study was to develop a bioactive, degradable, and cytocompatible akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7) scaffold with high porosity and pore interconnectivity. In brief, porous akermanite scaffolds were prepared using polymer sponge method. The porosity and corresponding compressive strength were evaluated. The in vitro degradability was investigated by soaking the scaffolds in Ringer's solution. Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-formation ability of akermantite scaffolds in simulated body fluid (SBF) and the effect of ionic products from the scaffolds dissolution on osteoblasts were investigated. In addition, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) adhesion and proliferation on the scaffolds were evaluated. Differentiation of the cells was assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The results showed that akermanite scaffolds possessed 63.5-90.3% of porosity, with a corresponding compressive strength between 1130 and 530 kPa. The weight loss of the scaffolds and ionic content of the Ringer's solution increased with the increase in soaking time, indicating the degradability of scaffolds. HAp was formed on the scaffolds in SBF and the ionic products from akermanite scaffolds dissolution stimulated osteoblasts proliferation, indicating good in vitro bioactivity. Furthermore, BMSC adhered and spread well on akermanite scaffolds and proliferated with the increase in the culture time, and the differentiation rate of osteoblasts on scaffolds was comparable to that on blank culture plate control. Our results suggested that akermanite scaffolds were bioactive, degradable, and cytocompatible, and might be used as bone tissue engineering materials.
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PMID:Porous akermanite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: preparation, characterization, and in vitro studies. 1633 44