Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of salt (sodium chloride) supplementation of rat diets (80 g/kg diet), with or without lactose (150 g/kg), were studied in weanling rats over 14 d. Dietary salt increased water intake and reduced weight gain and food conversion efficiency, but these variables were unaffected by lactose. Salt-supplemented rats exhibited a three- to fivefold increase in urinary calcium excretion and a small increase in urinary magnesium and phosphorus excretion, irrespective of dietary lactose content. In addition, salt supplementation reduced plasma alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity. Lactose increased urinary Ca and Mg excretion and plasma Ca and P concentrations. Salt reduced tibia mass but not tibia mass expressed relative to body-weight, but neither variable was affected by lactose. Both tibia Mg content and concentration were reduced by salt but unaffected by lactose, and neither tibia P content nor concentration was affected by salt or lactose. Tibia Ca content was reduced by salt but this was prevented by lactose. Tibia Ca concentration was unaffected by salt or lactose, although there was a reduction (not significant) in tibia Ca concentration in animals fed on the lactose-free diet. These results show that lactose had no independent effect on bone and that reduced accretion of bone mass and mineral content in rats fed on the high-salt diets was due, at least in part, to reduced growth. Failure to offset sodium-induced hypercalciuria by a compensatory increase in net Ca absorption may have contributed to reduced bone Ca accretion. The protective effect of lactose against reduced bone Ca accretion may be due to increased Ca absorption.
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PMID:Effect of dietary lactose on salt-mediated changes in mineral metabolism and bone composition in the rat. 193 8

The therapeutic value of three calcium absorption promoting carbohydrates, lactose, gluconate and xylitol, in bone calcification was evaluated in 7-week-old male rats which were fed on a semisynthetic Ca-deficient diet for 3 weeks. Lactose + CaCO3, xylitol + CaCO3, Ca-gluconate, or CaCO3 alone were administered to the Ca-deficient rats for 2 weeks; the carbohydrate and Ca contents of the diets were 5% and 0.5%, respectively. The Ca-deficient rats showed a decrease in serum total Ca and ionized Ca2+ and in tibial Ca, Mg, P and density, with a concomitant increase in bone hydroxyproline concentration. Bone and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activities were increased 2-fold and the serum 1,25(OH)2D3 level 5-fold. Smaller increases were found in serum calcitonin, PTH, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels. These changes (except calcitonin) were reversed by the administration of Ca and the carbohydrates. It was observed that all three agents improved the recalcification of bones compared with the effect of CaCO3 alone. The effect of lactose and xylitol was superior to that of gluconate. These results suggest advantages in the use of xylitol in Ca-supplements.
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PMID:Comparison of the effect of gluconate, lactose, and xylitol on bone recalcification in calcium-deficient rats. 207 37

1. The conditions that promoted the solubilization of particulate lactose synthetase were effective for solubilizing the thiamine pyrophosphatase of the Golgi apparatus but differed from those effective for beta-glucuronidase or acid phosphatase of lysosomes. 2. Lactose synthetase-containing particles did not bind Mg(2+) or Cs(+) ions, suggesting that they are not related to endoplasmic reticulum membranes. 3. Intact lactose synthetase and thiamine pyrophosphatase particles banded isopycnically at a density of 1.143 in a sucrose gradient. The dissociated ;A' sub-unit of lactose synthetase, UDP-galactose hydrolase, p-nitrophenyl phosphate acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase I were associated with particles of a broad density range from 1.12 to 1.20. Lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase, arylsulphatase and beta-glycerophosphate acid phosphatase were associated with particles of density 1.20, 1.175 and 1.15 respectively. 4. Rate-zonal sedimentation studies indicated that lactose synthetase particles have S(20,w) values exceeding 24000s, corresponding to spherical particles of diameter exceeding 5.4x10(-5)cm. 5. Electron micrographs of lactose synthetase particles purified over 20-fold revealed small spherical bodies (0.1-0.5mu) resembling lysosomes, the smaller of which were attached to membranes, and larger heterogeneous spherical or oval bodies (0.7-1.8mu) resembling lipofuscin secretory granules. 6. The relationship between lactose synthetase particles and the Golgi origin of secretion granules is discussed.
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PMID:The lactose synthetase particles of lactating bovine mammary gland. Characteristics of the particles. 430 May 7

The purpose was to study the relationship of lactose to nitrogen metabolism of artificially-reared beef calves. Calves from 35 market heifers were fed whole milk at 12% of body weight daily to 14 days and then at 8% of body weight to 28 days. An 18.3% crude protein dry diet was fed for ad libitum consumption on days 1 to 28. For days 29 to 84, nine calves were assigned to each of three treatments: A) 60:40 grain:hay dry diet, B) 60:40 grain diet with liquid lactose fed separately, and C) 60:40 dry diet containing dried lactose. During days 1 to 28, body weights were not reduced. Calves compensated for reduction of whole milk intake by increasing their intakes of dry diet. gamma-Glutamyl transferase and urea nitrogen in blood serum were reduced when milk intake was decreased. Beef calves can be adapted to early weaning and artificial rearing if started soon after birth. Lactose treatments decreased dry matter intakes and vitamin E in blood, but body weights were not different. Feed conversion was improved; nitrogen balance and urinary nitrogen excretion were decreased by liquid lactose. Urea nitrogen in blood was related to nitrogen balance. Liquid lactose increased serum alkaline phosphatase and serum glucose. The role of liquid lactose was to supply adequate energy for improved utilization of retained nitrogen.
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PMID:Relationship of lactose to nitrogen metabolism of artificially reared beef calves. 614 63

Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of lactose on performance, bone integrity and certain blood constituents in postweaning rats and swine. The effect of lactose on calcium and phosphorus and percentage ash content of the small intestine was also determined. In both trials, average daily gains were not influenced by the feeding of diets containing 30% lactose. Feed conversion was depressed in both rats and pigs when 30% lactose was fed. Transitory diarrhea was observed in rats fed 30% lactose, but not in swine. In the rat trial, no significant differences due to treatment were observed for serum Ca of P, but a linear increase (P < .01) in alkaline phosphatase was observed as lactose increased in the diet. Analysis of blood constituents from multiple bleedings during the pig trial showed that in the first 2 weeks, alkaline phosphatase was increased (P < .01) in pigs fed lactose and slightly decreased in those not fed lactose. Lactose affected the change in serum Ca for 0 to 10 weeks (P < .05) as indicated by a marked reduction in serum Ca of pigs not fed lactose and a slight increase for those fed lactoss. Serum calcium decreased in the absence of lactose but increased in the presence of lactose (P < .05) in pigs fed .4% Ca diets. In both trials, breaking strength parameters (peak force and stress) were not affected by dietary lactose. Bones from pigs fed no lactose had a higher stress to strain ratio (P < .05) than those from pigs fed lactose. In the rat trial, stress to strain ratio was variable across all treatments. Percentage of bone ash increased (P < .01) as lactose increased in the diet. Dietary treatments did not affect the mineral content of specific gut segments.
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PMID:Effect of dietary lactose on gain, feed conversion, blood, bone and intestinal parameters in postweaning rats and swine. 741 Feb 80

Feeding lactose or other slowly digestible carbohydrates to adult mammals may induce a variety of effects including hyperplasia and neoplasia. The most fundamental effect probably is the increased production in the large intestine of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) resulting from increased fermentation of carbohydrate residues. To find out whether the increased production of these acidic compounds is involved in the induction of certain alterations caused by low-digestibility carbohydrates, the modifying effects of an acidifying (NH4Cl) or an alkalizing (KHCO3) diet supplement on lactose-induced changes in rats were studied. Three groups of 50 rats per sex were fed a 20% lactose diet unsupplemented or supplemented with 1% NH4Cl or 2% KHCO3, for at most 2.5 yr. One control group was fed the basal diet which contained wheat starch instead of lactose. Feeding lactose resulted in wet faecal pellets, reduced pH of the faeces, higher intake of food and water, lower body weights, increased caecal weights and fewer deaths. These effects were not significantly modified by NH4Cl or KHCO3. Feeding lactose increased urinary calcium levels, the effect being enhanced by NH4Cl and reduced by KHCO3. Lactose also tended to increase blood values of alkaline phosphatase and to decrease those for bicarbonate and base excess. These tendencies were generally more marked with NH4Cl, and less marked or absent with KHCO3. In addition, rats fed lactose showed decreased severity of nephrosis, increased mineralization and hyperplasia of the renal pelvic epithelium, and relatively high incidences of Leydig cell hyperplasia and neoplasia. NH4Cl supplementation was associated with a relatively small number of single and multiple tumours, with decreased incidences of hyperplasia and mineralization of the renal pelvis epithelium and with a markedly reduced incidence of proliferative changes in the adrenal medulla. With the KHCO3 supplement the incidences of Leydig cell proliferation and of bladder tumours were relatively high. These findings, in particular the differences between the diet groups in urinary calcium levels and possibly also the variations in blood levels of alkaline phosphatase, bicarbonate and base excess, suggest that the acidic end products of carbohydrate fermentation (SCFA) act as an acid load on the body.
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PMID:Effects of a dietary load of acid or base on changes induced by lactose in rats. 782 70

Alkaline phosphatase was used as a model in studies to assess the effects of lyophilization on biological activity and molecular integrity in the presence or absence of added carbohydrate. The stability of the activity of alkaline phosphatase, lyophilized in Tris buffer alone or in the presence of the carbohydrates mannitol, lactose or trehalose was examined. Enzyme activity in formulations with Tris buffer alone or with mannitol was considerably reduced by freeze-drying and further storage at elevated temperatures; freeze-drying with mannitol failed to maintain activity at a temperature of 37 degrees C over 21 days, whilst the loss of activity was more gradual when freeze-dried in buffer alone and stored at higher temperatures. Lactose and trehalose maintained the alkaline phosphatase activity after freeze-drying and, furthermore, preparations containing trehalose retained activity even when the material was subjected to temperatures of up to 45 degrees C for up to 84 days. At 56 degrees C the alkaline phosphatase activity did not show a significant drop until 14 days with the lactose formulation or until 21 days with trehalose. After 84 days at 56 degrees C, 30% of the activity still remained in the formulation containing trehalose. In addition to the changes in the enzyme activity, FPLC chromatographic traces and SDS-PAGE gels demonstrated compositional differences between each formulation after storage.
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PMID:The effect of carbohydrate additives in the freeze-drying of alkaline phosphatase. 809 38

A new vanadyl(IV) complex of the disaccharide lactose was obtained in aqueous solution at pH = 13. The sodium salt of the complex, of composition Na4[VO(lactose)2].3H2O, has been characterized by elemental analysis and by ultraviolet-visible, diffuse reflectance, and infrared spectroscopies. Its magnetic susceptibility and thermal behavior were also investigated. The inhibitory effect on alkaline phosphatase activity was tested for this compound as well as for the vanadyl(IV) complexes with maltose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and galactose. For comparative purposes, the free ligands and the vanadyl(IV) cation were also studied. The free sugars and the sucrose/VO complex exhibited the lowest inhibitory effect. Lactose-VO, maltose-VO, and the free VO2+ cation showed an intermediate inhibition potential, whereas the monosaccharide/VO complexes appeared as the most potent inhibitory agents.
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PMID:On the interaction of the vanadyl(IV) cation with lactose: inhibition effects of vanadyl(IV)/monosaccharide and disaccharide complexes upon alkaline phosphatase activity. 1181 92

Prostate cancer cells metastasize to bone causing a predominantly osteosclerotic response. It has been shown that cells from the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 secrete factors that influence the behavior of osteoblast-like cells. Some of these factors with mitogenic activity have been found to be proteins with molecular weights between 20 and 30 kDa, but the identity of the osteoblastic mitogenic factor or factors produced by prostate cancer cells is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the protein profile of conditioned medium (CM) from PC3 cells in the molecular weight range from 5 to 30 kDa using proteome analysis. A protein profile of the CM from PC3 cells was performed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Thirty protein spots with molecular weights ranging from 5 to 30 kDa were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). One of these spots was identified as galectin-1. We examined whether PC3 CM, recombinant galectin-1 alone, or combined with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) had any effects on the proliferation or differentiation of human bone marrow stromal (hBMS) cells. Furthermore, we tested whether adhesion of PC3 cells to plastic, laminin, fibronectin, and collagen type I was influenced by lactose, which inhibits galectin-1. Galectin-1 (1000 ng/ml) inhibited the proliferation of hBMS cells up to 70 +/- 12% (treated/control) of control in contrast to PC3 CM, which induced hBMS cell proliferation by 3-fold. This effect was abolished by IGF-I. PC3 CM and galectin-1 in concentrations of 10 and 1000 ng/ml increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hBMS cells up to 175 +/- 27%, 137 +/- 8%, and 131 +/- 11%, respectively, compared with ALP activity of untreated cells, and inhibited the secretion of osteocalcin (OC) up to 81 +/- 3%, 93 +/- 1%, and 58 +/- 2%, respectively, compared with OC secretion of untreated cells. These effects were affected by IGF-I. Lactose inhibited adhesion of PC3 cells to plastic, fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type I up to 58 +/- 4%, 30 +/- 12, 72 +/- 9%, and 86 +/- 4%. In conclusion, galectin-1 modulated osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. These effects were affected by IGF-I. Thus, galectin-1 is likely be involved in the osteoblastic response, caused by prostate cancer cells metastasizing into bone, by affecting the matrix mineralization.
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PMID:A proteome study of secreted prostatic factors affecting osteoblastic activity: galectin-1 is involved in differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. 1256 96

Lactose promotes the intestinal absorption of calcium independent of the vitamin D endocrine system. This study investigated the effects of lactose on intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in rats. A total of 66 Sprague-Dawley strain female rats (10 weeks old) were divided into two groups: the control and the lactose groups. Animals in the lactose group were fed the experimental diet, in which the 10% of the diet was replaced with lactose. At 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after beginning the experimental diets, rat intestinal segments from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were obtained immediately after sacrifice. The segments were slit open longitudinally, and the mucosa was scraped and used for the enzyme assay. The level of intestinal ALP activity in the jejunum from the lactose group was significantly higher than that from the control group. Two kinds of mRNA of rat intestinal ALP (RTIN-1 and RTIN-2) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The level of mRNA expression in the jejunum from the lactose group was enhanced, especially of RTIN-2. This result was compatible with the results of enzymatic activity. These findings suggest that lactose affects intestinal Pi metabolism not only directly, but also in an indirect way via regulation of intestinal ALP expression, especially in the jejunum.
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PMID:Enhancement by lactose of intestinal alkaline phosphatase expression in rats. 1520 65


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