Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate further the pathophysiology of rotavirus-induced diarrhea, changes in specific activities of eight relevant intestinal enzymes [alkaline phosphatase, thymidine kinase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), adenylate and guanylate cyclases] were measured following infection of suckling mice with murine rotavirus (epizootic diarrhea of infant mouse strain) and compared with age-matched control mice. The concentration of lactose within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract during infection was also measured. During the course of infection, activities of alkaline phosphatase and lactase decreased, whilst the activity of thymidine kinase increased. Precocious maturation profiles of sucrase and maltase enzymes were observed. No significant changes were detected in the activities of Na+,K+-ATPase or the adenylate and guanylate cyclases. These results are discussed in relation to existing and novel hypotheses on the pathogenesis of rotavirus-induced diarrhea.
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PMID:Intestinal enzyme profiles in normal and rotavirus-infected mice. 289 74

Fifty-one adult patients with coeliac disease, verified by a proximal small-intestinal biopsy, were investigated. Before treatment with a gluten-free and low-lactose diet 52% showed a slight rise in blood glucose during the lactose tolerance test. Seventy-nine per cent of these patients had watery stools, and 88% had three or more bowel movements a day--statistically significantly different from the coeliac patients with a normal lactose tolerance test. After treatment 12% had a flat lactose tolerance curve. Half of them (6%) had specific lactase deficiency. This is approximately the incidence of lactose malabsorption in the general Danish population. The small-intestinal disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase levels were severely depressed before treatment. After treatment the activities increased, but not to normal. We conclude that lactose malabsorption is a clinically important condition in many patients with untreated coeliac disease, giving rise to more frequent and more watery stools. In well-treated coeliac disease lactose malabsorption is not commoner than in the general population. The lactose activity in a proximal intestinal biopsy specimen was found to be an unreliable indicator of lactose malabsorption in coeliac disease.
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PMID:Incidence and clinical significance of lactose malabsorption in adult coeliac disease. 313 38

Two aqueous extracts of human faeces were prepared from a healthy male donor and assayed in the SOS Chromotest. Both extracts were positive in microtitre fluctuation tests in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA(pKM101). Differences were observed in the induction factors of these samples when p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (p-NPG) and o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (o-NPG) were used as substrates for the beta-galactosidase assay in the SOS Chromotest. With one sample, a positive induction factor was reproducibly obtained using p-NPG but not o-NPG. When the bacterial cells were washed with fresh LB broth before enzyme assay, the positive induction factor obtained with p-NPG was reduced to an insignificant level. During the 2-h treatment period, both faecal samples enhanced bacterial growth above that of the zero-dose control. When SOS Chromotest assays were performed with no bacteria or with S. typhimurium TA100 or hisG46 (non-lactose fermenting organisms) in place of E. coli PQ37, it was found that the extracts contained significant levels of endogenous beta-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase, which, due to their carry-over in the bacterial pellet (after centrifugation to remove the coloured extract) gave rise to the positive induction factor obtained with p-NPG. The results obtained in these experiments indicate that where the SOS Chromotest is applied to biological samples, care should be taken in the interpretation of the data and that a washing step should be included to prevent possible errors occurring due to exogenous enzymes in the sample.
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PMID:Testing human faecal extracts for genotoxic activity with the SOS Chromotest: the importance of controlling for faecal enzyme activity. 314 11

In order to investigate the dietary effect of calcium on aluminum-induced hypophosphatemia, five types of diet, sucrose, lactose, milk, casein and soy protein, were prepared. These diets differed with regard to Ca concentration, and carbohydrate or protein sources which were expected to modify intestinal Ca absorption. Weanling Wistar rats were fed these diets for 67 days with the addition of Al at a concentration of 2000 ppm. Nutritional constituents had little effect on Al accumulation in the duodenum and bone. Al treatments had no effects on increases of body weight. The Al treatments significantly increased duodenum alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and serum phosphorus concentration in all of the dietary groups. Slight but significant decreases of bone weight were observed. There were no significant increases in serum Al concentration but bone and kidney ALPase activities were also observed. These results suggest that Al ingestion can cause hyperphosphatemia in the intact animal. Effects of Al on nutrition should be considered even if serum Al concentration does not increase.
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PMID:Increases of serum phosphorus concentration and duodenal, renal and femur alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activities of normal rats fed 2000 ppm aluminum diets. 338 46

New pleiotropic mutants were isolated that express either the phoA, psiE or psiO promoter constitutively and simultaneously alter bacterial alkaline phosphatase regulation, carbon utilization or ultraviolet light sensitivity. To do this, Lac+ mutants were isolated from strains with the appropriate lacZ transcriptional fusions. Over 300 independent mutants were characterized, and all that constitutively express phoA map in phoR, phoU, the phosphate-specific transport system or a new locus called phoF. However, only phoU mutants express both phoA and psiE constitutively. Carbohydrate-utilizing mutants that show constitutive expression of psiE and psiO map in cya, crp and, possibly, crr. Also, numerous ultraviolet-light-sensitive mutants were discovered that show increased psiO expression and map in lon. Some other mutations that lead to constitutive psiO expression (which is normally induced either by phosphate, nitrogen or carbon starvation or anoxia) show decreased expression of phoA. Also, several mutants were found that show an unusual metastable character affecting psiO or phoA transcription. In these, colonies spontaneously switch between an induced and repressed "state" with respect to lac or bacterial alkaline phosphatase expression. In some, the clonal variation of the lactose phenotype or bacterial alkaline phosphatase synthesis is recA-independent and phenotypically resembles phase variation in Salmonella typhimurium. The latter class are called "phase mutants". The mutants are discussed in terms of protein-nucleic acid interactions and/or possible changes in the DNA, i.e. modifications or rearrangements, within the phosphate gene system, that are physiologically regulated.
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PMID:Novel regulatory mutants of the phosphate regulon in Escherichia coli K-12. 354 Mar 12

Twenty-six adult patients with histologically confirmed celiac disease on gluten-free diet after apparent disease remission were reexamined at 4-6 months intervals for a mean period of 55.4 months (range 13-137). Eight patients remained clinically well with normal blood tests. Eighteen patients had clinical or biological abnormalities. Eleven patients reported repeated episodes of meteorism and abdominal pain and/or diarrhea which disappeared in 2 after lactose withdrawal. Iron deficiency and macrocytic anemia were sometimes observed in 5 and 4 patients respectively. Altered plasma calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase and/or bone densitometry findings were detected in 7 patients. Seventeen patients (12 presenting some of the above findings) agreed to a repeat biopsy: 13 of these showed grade II and 4 grade III abnormalities. Although adult celiac patients may show marked improvement during gluten-free diet, minor clinical disturbances and biochemical abnormalities may still be present.
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PMID:Clinical, biochemical and histological abnormalities in adult celiac patients on gluten-free diet. 408 41

Two mutants with increased protease production were isolated after nitrosoguanidine treatment of Staphylococcus aureus 8325N. The wild type produces low amounts of extracellular proteolytic activity. The enzyme was inducible and could only be detected if casein or preferably skim milk powder was used as inducer. The optimal pH, salt concentration, and media for enzyme production were determined. The mutants differed from the wild type in several phenotypic characters. The pattern of extracellular deoxyribonuclease and alkaline phosphatase differed between the mutants and the wild type. Several carbohydrates such as lactose, galactose, and mannitol were not utilized by the mutants, probably owing to a block in the uptake. Glucose could, however, be utilized by the mutants. Reversion frequency to wild type with regard to carbohydrate utilization was spontaneously high, and all revertants regained the parental pattern irrespective of the carbohydrate used for selection. The results suggest that a single locus may control the excretion of extracellular enzymes and carbohydrate uptake in S. aureus.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of two protease-producing mutants from Staphylococcus aureus. 435 82

1. Acute transient catabolite repression of beta-galactosidase synthesis, observed when glucose is added to glycerol-grown cells of Escherichia coli (Moses & Prevost, 1966), requires the presence of a functional operator gene (o) in the lactose operon. Total deletion of the operator gene abolished acute transient repression, even in the presence of a functional regulator gene (i). 2. Regulator constitutives (i(-)) also show transient repression provided that the operator gene is functional. Regulator deletion mutants (i(del)), with which to test specifically the role of the i gene, have not so far been available. 3. The above mutants, showing various changes in the lactose operon, show no alteration in the effect of glucose on induced tryptophanase synthesis. Glucose metabolism, as measured in terms of the release of (14)CO(2) from [1-(14)C]glucose and [6-(14)C]glucose, also showed no differences between strains exhibiting or not exhibiting transient repression. This suggests no change in the operation of the pentose phosphate cycle, a metabolic activity known to be of paramount importance for glucose repression of beta-galactosidase synthesis (Prevost & Moses, 1967). 4. Chronic permanent repression by glucose of beta-galactosidase synthesis (less severe in degree than acute transient repression) persists in strains in which transient repression has been genetically abolished. Constitutive alkaline-phosphatase synthesis, which shows no transient repression, also demonstrates chronic permanent repression by glucose. 5. Chloramphenicol repression also persists in mutants with no transient repression, and also affects alkaline phosphatase. It is suggested that chronic permanent repression and chloramphenicol repression are non-specific, and that they do not influence beta-galactosidase synthesis via the regulatory system of the lactose operon.
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PMID:Involvement of the lac regulatory genes in catabolite repression in Escherichia coli. 534 Mar 65

The purpose was to study the relationship of lactose to nitrogen metabolism of artificially-reared beef calves. Calves from 35 market heifers were fed whole milk at 12% of body weight daily to 14 days and then at 8% of body weight to 28 days. An 18.3% crude protein dry diet was fed for ad libitum consumption on days 1 to 28. For days 29 to 84, nine calves were assigned to each of three treatments: A) 60:40 grain:hay dry diet, B) 60:40 grain diet with liquid lactose fed separately, and C) 60:40 dry diet containing dried lactose. During days 1 to 28, body weights were not reduced. Calves compensated for reduction of whole milk intake by increasing their intakes of dry diet. gamma-Glutamyl transferase and urea nitrogen in blood serum were reduced when milk intake was decreased. Beef calves can be adapted to early weaning and artificial rearing if started soon after birth. Lactose treatments decreased dry matter intakes and vitamin E in blood, but body weights were not different. Feed conversion was improved; nitrogen balance and urinary nitrogen excretion were decreased by liquid lactose. Urea nitrogen in blood was related to nitrogen balance. Liquid lactose increased serum alkaline phosphatase and serum glucose. The role of liquid lactose was to supply adequate energy for improved utilization of retained nitrogen.
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PMID:Relationship of lactose to nitrogen metabolism of artificially reared beef calves. 614 63

Alkaline phosphate, catalase and beta-galactosidase activities of Vibrio et tor were decreased after acquisition of resistance towards rifampicin. Zn2+, Mn2+ and EDTA inhibited alkaline phosphatase which is most active with p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate while Mg2+ was found to suppress alkaline phosphatase activity. Removal of EDTA however, restores the original activity. Rifampicin could not induce mutation of lactose nonfermenting Vibrio el for cells allowing them to grow on lactose as sole carbon source, z-galactosidase which is a constitutive enzyme in this case is repressed by glucose. This repression is overcome by cAMP.
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PMID:Studies on alkaline phosphatase, catalase and z-galactosidase in Vibrio el tor under normal and rifampicin resistant conditions. 618 76


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