Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An approximately 43kD protein has been isolated and purified from the herb Cajanus indicus L and believed to be the most active principle for its hepatoprotective action. In this study, experiments have been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of that protein for the preventive and curative action against thioacetamide-induced toxicity in vivo using a murine model. Mice were treated with the protein intraperitoneally at a dose of 2mg/kg body weight for 2 and 6 days before and separately 1-5 days after thioacetamide administration to evaluate its preventive and curative role, respectively. Thioacetamide was administered once at a dose of 150mg/kg body weight and after 48h of its application, the animals were sacrificed. Levels of various markers related to physiological and pathological conditions of the liver, e.g., glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), etc. were determined in the murine sera under different experimental conditions. In addition, antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were measured from the liver homogenates. The antioxidant property of the protein was compared with the potent antioxidant, vitamin E (used as a positive control). The active principle effectively reduced the elevated GPT and ALP levels in serum and lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue. The reduced levels of SOD, CAT and GST by thioacetamide were again brought back to almost normal levels upon pre- and post-treatment with the protein. Histopathological changes in the liver of TAA control and protein-treated groups also prove that the protein possesses hepatoprotective activity. The protein acts dose-dependently and maximum hepatoprotectivity was obtained when administered at a dose of 2mg/kg body weight. Data suggest that the active principle plays an important preventive and curative role against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity.
 ...
PMID:Preventive and curative role of a 43kD protein from the leaves of the herb Cajanus indicus L on thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo. 1608 94

A survey was conducted in 10 districts of northern India. Significant deficiency of zinc was observed in soil, fodders and (cattle) serum samples. The animals showed typical signs of zinc deficiency, namely stiff gait, swelling of hocks and knees, subcutaneous fluid accumulation, rough coat, etc. of variable intensity. A clustered model therapeutic trial was conducted and zinc-deficient cattle were divided into three groups. Group A was provided with mineral mixture containing zinc sulphate. Group B was given mineral mixture without zinc sulphate and group C was given no mineral mixture. Significant improvement (p < 0.01) was observed in the haemoglobin (Hb), total white blood cells (WBC) and total erythrocyte count (TEC) levels at the 7th day of treatment in the animals of group A. Significant improvement in enzyme serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) was observed in group A animals at the 7th day, while improvement in asparatate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) was observed after 21 days of treatment. Regarding hormones, significant improvement was observed in thyroxine (T3) and triiodothyronine (T4), oestrogen and progesterone in group A animals within 14 days of treatment. The values of vitamin A showed a highly significant (p < 0.01) improvement within 7 days of treatment in group A animals and that of vitamin E on the 21 st day of treatment. The milk yield of lactating cattle and body weight of growing calves in group A showed highly significant (p < 0.01) increases at about 14 and 30 days, respectively. It is concluded that zinc sulphate supplementation is highly effective in alleviating zinc deficiency and improving various biochemical and production parameters in cattle. The clustered model treatment provides a better indicator of the most limiting element under field conditions where simultaneous deficiency of various minerals is prevalent.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic efficacy of zinc sulphate used in clustered model treatment in alleviating zinc deficiency in cattle and its effect on hormones, vitamins and production parameters. 1614 8

Adriamycin (ADR), a cytotoxic antineoplastic drug, is used in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, its efficacy continues to be challenged by significant toxicities including nephrotoxicity. In the present study, the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and vitamin E, known antioxidants, were investigated on ADR-induced peroxidative damage in rat kidney. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were administered ADR as a single dose (10 mg/kg body weight, i.v.). Histopathological studies indicated that ADR-treated kidney sections show focal tubular necrosis and casts. ADR-injected rats showed a significant decline in the activities/levels of enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase) and non-enzymic antioxidants (thiols, vitamin C and vitamin E) with high malondialdehyde levels. The extent of nephrotoxicity was evident from the increased activities of urinary marker enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase). Treatment with NAC and vitamin E (50 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) 1 day prior to ADR administration maintained near normal activities of the enzymes, significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and prevented the necrosis caused by ADR, thereby proving to be an effective thiol replenishing agent and antioxidant.
 ...
PMID:Counteracting adriamycin-induced oxidative stress by administration of N-acetyl cysteine and vitamin E. 1620 93

Methidathion (MD) phosphorodithioic acid S-[(5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-yl)methyl] O,O-dimethyl ester is the organophosphate insecticide (OPI) most commonly used worldwide in the pest control of crops. Subchronic MD exposure was evaluated for its effects on lipid peroxidation, the serum activities of cholinesterase (ChE), and enzymes concerning liver damage, and the protective effects of combination of vitamins E and C in albino rats. Additionally, the histopathological changes in liver tissue were examined. Experimental groups were as follows: control group; a group treated with 5 mg/kg body weight MD (MD group); and a group treated with 5 mg/kg body wight MD plus vitamin E plus vitamin C (MD+AO group). The MD and MD+AO groups were treated orally with MD on five days a week for 4 weeks. The serum activities of cholinesterase (ChE), alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate amiotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver histopathology were studied. In serum samples, MD significantly increased MDA concentration and ALP, AST, GGT, LDH activities but decreased the ALT and ChE activities. In the MD+AO group, MDA level and ALP, AST, LDH activities were significantly decreased and ChE activity was increased compared to the MD group. Histopathological changes found in liver tissue of rats treated with MD included were infiltration with mononuclear cells in all portal areas, sinusoidal dilatation, and focal microvesicular steatosis and hydropic degenerations in parenchymal tissue. The severity of these lesions was reduced by administration of vitamins. From these results, it can be concluded that subchronic MD causes liver damage, and lipid peroxidation may be a molecular mechanism involved in MD-induced toxicity. Furthermore, the combination of vitamins E and C can reduce the toxic effects of MD on liver tissue of rats.
 ...
PMID:The effects of subchronic methidathion toxicity on rat liver: role of antioxidant vitamins C and E. 1658 3

Naringenin is a naturally occurring citrus flavanone, which has been reported to have a wide range of pharmacological properties. The present work was carried out to evaluate the effect of naringenin on antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status in liver of oxytetracycline-intoxicated rats. Intraperitonial administration of oxytetracycline 200 mg/kg for 15 days resulted a significant elevation in serum hepatospecific markers such as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and bilirubin and the levels of lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxides) in liver. Oxytetracycline also caused a significant reduction in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E in liver. Oral administration of naringenin (50 mg/kg b.w.t.) with oxytetracycline significantly decreased the activities of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and the levels of bilirubin along with significant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation markers in the liver. In addition, naringenin significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and GSH peroxidase as well as the level of GSH, vitamin C and vitamin E in liver of the oxytetracycline-treated rats. Our results demonstrate that naringenin exhibited antioxidant property and decrease the lipid peroxidation against oxytetracycline-induced oxidative stress in liver.
 ...
PMID:Influence of naringenin on oxytetracycline mediated oxidative damage in rat liver. 1663 3

Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been universally used as an immunosuppressant for the management of organ transplantation and various autoimmune diseases. However, nephrotoxicity due to CsA remains to be an important clinical challenge. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to appraise the effect of sulphated polysaccharides on oxidative renal injury caused by CsA. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Two groups received CsA by oral gavage (25 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days to provoke nephrotoxicity, one of which simultaneously received sulphated polysaccharides subcutaneously, (5 mg/kg body weight). A vehicle (olive oil) treated control group and sulphated polysaccharides drug control were also built-in. An increase in lipid peroxidation along with abnormal levels of enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and non-enzymic antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) are the salient features observed in CsA induced nephrotoxicity. CsA induced impairment of renal toxicity was evident from the marked decline in the activities of renal marker enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as an apparent increase in the serum urea, uric acid and creatinine; diagnostic of renal damage was normalized by sulphated polysaccharides co-administration. Sulphated polysaccharides treatment showed an effectual role in counteracting the free radical toxicity by bringing about a significant decrease in peroxidative levels and increase in antioxidant status. These observations emphasize the antioxidant property of sulphated polysaccharides and its cytoprotective action against CsA induced nephrotoxicity.
 ...
PMID:Evaluating the effect of sulphated polysaccharides on cyclosporine a induced oxidative renal injury. 1670 58

Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic agents. Reactive oxygen species and consequent peroxidative damage caused by aflatoxin are considered to be the main mechanisms leading to hepatotoxicity. The present investigation aims at assessing the hepatoprotective effect of lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the stem bark of Crataeva nurvala, on aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model. The hepatoprotection of lupeol is compared with silymarin, a well known standard hepatoprotectant. Lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were found to be significantly increased in the serum and decreased in the liver of AFB(1) administered (1 mg/kg body mass, orally) rats, suggesting hepatic damage. Marked increase in the lipid peroxide levels and a concomitant decrease in the enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase) and nonenzymic (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) antioxidants in the hepatic tissue were observed in AFB(1) administered rats. Pretreatment with lupeol (100 mg/kg body mass, orally) and silymarin (100 mg/kg body mass, orally) for 7 days reverted the condition to near normalcy. Hepatoprotection by lupeol is further substantiated by the normal histologic findings as against degenerative changes in the AFB(1) administered rats. The results of this study indicate that lupeol is a potent hepatoprotectant as silymarin.
 ...
PMID:Lupeol ameliorates aflatoxin B1-induced peroxidative hepatic damage in rats. 1673 Feb 36

The following parameters were determined in blood serum of apparently healthy Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) using the Hitachi 917 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and/or the Vettest 8008 (IDEXX-GmbH, Woerrstadt, Germany): alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, ammonia, alpha-amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, Ca, Cl, cholesterol, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, creatinine, gammaglutamyltransferase, glucose, iron, lactate dehydrogenase, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, protein, sodium, total bilirubin, triglyceride, and urea. The results for cholesterol, glucose, total protein, triglyceride and for the enzymes alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase differed significantly between both methods (P < 0.05). There is a negative correlation between the age of the Bennett's wallabies and the activity of the alkaline phosphatase. Five protein fractions could be separated on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The mean concentrations of fructosamine and beta-hydroxybutyrate were 447.3 micromol/L and 0.27 mmol/L, respectively. The estimated vitamin A intake had no influence on the vitamin A concentration in serum. The serum vitamin E concentration was in general low and vitamin E was below the detection limit of 0.82 micromol/L in 29 out of 42 serum samples. The use of these analytes is discussed concerning the knowledge about the physiology, nutrition and diseases of macropods.
 ...
PMID:On the clinical chemistry of the Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus). 1685 6

The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective immunity of excretory-secretory products of Fasciola hepatica (FhES) worm against S.mansoni infection in mice. Evaluation of FhES antigen was through measuring worm burden, ova count, granuloma size and frequency as well as the histopathological picture of the liver. The study was extended to determine the level of free radical scavengers; lipid peroxide, glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, vitamin E, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Liver function enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also taken into consideration. Four groups of eight mice each were selected for this study. Group 1 served as control group. Group 2: normal healthy mice vaccinated with FhES product. Group 3: S.mansoni infected mice for 2 months and group 4: infected mice pre-vaccinated with FhES antigen. Vaccination schedule comprised of a single subcutaneous injection of FhES antigen emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant in a dose 0.5 mg protein/mouse, followed by intraperitoneal injections of the same antigen without adjuvant in 3 doses/week for 3 successive weeks. The total antigen inoculation was 5 mg protein/mouse. The present results revealed a drastic change in all the measured parameters after S.mansoni infection and a noticeable improved level after vaccination with FhES antigen. It can be concluded that FhES antigen succeeded to protect mice against schistosomiasis by a significant reduction in worm burden, ova count, granuloma size and number, improvement in the histopathological architecture of the liver as well as amelioration in the antioxidant levels under investigation.
 ...
PMID:Excretory-secretory product of fasciola hepatica worm protects against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. 1687 44

In the present study, the role of pentacyclic triterpenes, lupeol and its ester lupeol linoleate, was studied in relation to hepatic oxidative abnormalities and lipoprotein peroxidation in hypercholesterolemic rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding them with high cholesterol diet (4% cholesterol + 1% cholic acid; HCD) for 30 days. Pentacyclic triterpenes, lupeol and lupeol linoleate were supplemented (50 mg/kg body wt/day) during the last 15 days. After the experimental period, there was a significant depression in hepatic activities of antioxidant enzymes, SOD (38.39%), CAT (25.03%) and GPx (30.26%) along with a marked fall in the levels of non-enzymic antioxidant molecules GSH (31.39%), vitamin C (46.07%) and vitamin E (42.28%), with a concomitant increase (p<0.001) in lipid peroxidation and in the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and aminotransferases when compared to controls. Treatment with triterpenes decreased lipid peroxidation and reverted the activities of antioxidants (p<0.001 and p<0.01) and marker enzymes to near control. Histopathological findings further confirmed the hepatoprotective nature of triterpenes by showing the normal architecture in treated rats, as against the fatty cellular changes in HCD fed rats. Further, the susceptibility of apo-B containing lipoprotein to oxidation by copper and Fenton's reagent was increased in in vitro condition in HCD fed rats, whereas the lipoproteins were less susceptible to oxidation in triterpenes treated animals. Therefore, it may be concluded that lupeol and its ester afford protection against the hepatic abnormalities and lipoprotein peroxidation in hypercholesterolemic rats.
 ...
PMID:Mitigating role of lupeol and lupeol linoleate on hepatic lipemic-oxidative injury and lipoprotein peroxidation in experimental hypercholesterolemia. 1693 29


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>