Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in the context of predominantly exocrine prostate cancer may play a key role in androgen-independent tumor growth. The prognostic significance of plasma chromogranin A (CgA) was assessed in a series of consecutive prostate cancer patients with hormone-refractory disease. One hundred and eight patients with newly diagnosed hormone-refractory prostate cancer entered the study. Plasma CgA levels and other biochemical parameters, such as serum prostate specific antigen, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum lactate dehydrogenase, serum albumin and hemoglobin concentration, were measured at baseline (i.e. when hormone refractoriness occurred) and their prognostic role was evaluated together with patient performance status, Gleason score (at diagnosis of prostate cancer) and the presence of visceral metastases. Furthermore, plasma CgA was prospectively evaluated in 50 patients undergoing chemotherapy. At baseline, 45 patients (43.3%) showed elevated CgA values. Plasma CgA negatively correlated with survival, either in univariate analysis (P=0.008) or in multivariate analysis, after adjusting for previously mentioned prognostic parameters (P<0.05). In the patient subset undergoing chemotherapy, median CgA (range) values were 13.3 (3.0-141.0) U/l at baseline, 19.1 (3.0-486.0) U/l after 3 months, 20.8 (3.0-702.0) U/l after 6 months and 39.4 (3.0-414.0) U/l after 9 months (P<0.01). The corresponding supranormal rates were 17/50 (34%), 23/50 (46%), 26/50 (52%) and 34/50 (68%) respectively (P<0.005). Elevated plasma CgA levels are frequently observed in prostate cancer patients with hormone-refractory disease and correlate with poor prognosis. NE differentiation in hormone-refractory patients is a time-dependent phenomenon and is not influenced by conventional antineoplastic treatments.
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PMID:Independent prognostic role of circulating chromogranin A in prostate cancer patients with hormone-refractory disease. 1578 43

Photonic induced immobilization is a novel technology that results in spatially oriented and spatially localized covalent coupling of biomolecules onto thiol-reactive surfaces. Immobilization using this technology has been achieved for a wide selection of proteins, such as hydrolytic enzymes (lipases/esterases, lysozyme), proteases (human plasminogen), alkaline phosphatase, immunoglobulins' Fab fragment (e.g., antibody against PSA [prostate specific antigen]), Major Histocompability Complex class I protein, pepsin, and trypsin. The reaction mechanism behind the reported new technology involves "photonic activation of disulfide bridges," i.e., light-induced breakage of disulfide bridges in proteins upon UV illumination of nearby aromatic amino acids, resulting in the formation of free, reactive thiol groups that will form covalent bonds with thiol-reactive surfaces (see Fig. 1). Interestingly, the spatial proximity of aromatic residues and disulfide bridges in proteins has been preserved throughout molecular evolution. The new photonic-induced method for immobilization of proteins preserves the native structural and functional properties of the immobilized protein, avoiding the use of one or more chemical/thermal steps. This technology allows for the creation of spatially oriented as well as spatially defined multiprotein/DNA high-density sensor arrays with spot size of 1 microm or less, and has clear potential for biomedical, bioelectronic, nanotechnology, and therapeutic applications.
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PMID:Photonic activation of disulfide bridges achieves oriented protein immobilization on biosensor surfaces. 1643 46

We analyzed clinical data to identify prognostic indicators in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis. The subjects were 60 patients with bone metastasis out of 165 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at our clinic over 6 years from January 1998 to December 2003. The age at the initial diagnosis was 61 to 91 (mean: 73.7 +/- 7.5) years old. The following items were considered to be possible prognostic indicators: T (type) classification, N (node) classification, Gleason score, prostate specific antigen (PSA) value before therapy, disease grade, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum calcium (Ca), hemoglobin (Hgb), and platelet count (Plt). The 5-year overall survival rate was 45.7% in the 60 patients. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in N (1), Gleason score 7 + 8/Gleason score 9 + 10, and LDH level (p = 0.0053, 0.0261, and 0.0049, respectively). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis of these three items showed a statistically significant difference in LDH level and Gleason score 9 +/- 10 (p = 0.0167 and 0.0371). LDH was suggested to be an excellent prognostic indicator, because of its objectivity and convenience of measurement, in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis.
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PMID:Lactate dehydrogenase is a prognostic indicator for prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis. 1756 11

A 67-year-old man was diagnosed as having prostate cancer with bone metastasis by his personal physician in 2002. He received androgen deprivation therapy, and then prostate specific antigen (PSA) declined to an undetectable level over the short term. In 2004, PSA gradually became elevated despite androgen deprivation therapy. Although secondary hormonal therapy was started, PSA continued to increase. With the complaint of back pain, he consulted our clinic. On initial examination at our clinic, PSA was 390.3 ng/ml and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was 2,338 IU/L. He was administered diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES-DP) and zoledronic acid intravenously and then PSA declined to an undetectable value again. In the course of the administration, liver enzymes were elevated and DES-DP administration was discontinued. However, with continued administration of zoledronic acid, PSA remained undetectable despite a 5-month interruption of DES-DP treatment. Thereafter, back pain completely disappeared.
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PMID:[Androgen-independent prostate cancer with bone metastasis successfully treated by intravenous administration of zoledronic acid and diethylstilbestrol diphosphate]. 1820 29

A novel electrochemical immunosensor using functionalized silica nanoparticles (Si NPs) as protein tracer has been developed for the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in human serum. The immunosensor was carried out based on a heterogeneous sandwich procedure. The PSA capture antibody was immobilized on the gold electrode via glutaraldehyde crosslink. After reaction with the antigen in human serum, Si NPs colabeled with detection antibody and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was sandwiched to form the immunocomplex on the gold electrode. ALP carried by Si NPs convert nonelectroactive substrate into the reducing agent and the latter, in turn, reduce metal ions to form electroactive metallic product on the electrode. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was used to quantify the amount of the deposited silver and give the analytical signal for PSA. The parameters including the concentration of the ALP used to functionalize the Si NPs and the enzyme catalytic reaction time have been studied in detail and optimized. Under the optimum conditions of immunoreaction and electrochemical detection, the electrochemical immunosensor was able to realize a reliable determination of PSA in the range of 1-35 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.76 ng/mL. For six human serum samples, the results performed with the electrochemical immunosensor were in good agreement with those obtained by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), indicating that the electrochemical immunosensor could satisfy the need of practical sample detection.
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PMID:A novel electrochemical immunosensor based on colabeled silica nanoparticles for determination of total prostate specific antigen in human serum. 1865 59

An 80 years old male patient was admitted in our hospital with massive haematomas in the left forearm, chest and abdominal wall accompanied by intense back pain symptoms. Laboratory evaluation showed anemia, mild thrombocytopenia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase levels and normal concentrations of all the other biochemical parameters. Study of the coagulation status demonstrated prolonged thrombin time (TT), low fibrinogen levels--0.98 g/l while plasminogen, antithrombin III (AT III) and protein C levels were found to be within normal range. Computed tomography scans of the head, chest and abdomen showed an enlarged infiltrative prostate, osteolytic bone lesions in vertebras L5-S1 and a large haematoma of the abdominal wall as the only pathologic findings. Very high levels of the prostate specific antigen indicated the possible existence of a prostate carcinoma with metastases to the vertebral column that resulted in elevated alkaline phosphate and lactate dehydrogenase levels. There were no signs of liver involvement and impaired hepatic synthetic function. Based on the results of the laboratory tests we concluded that the cause of the bleeding disorder in our patient was an acquired hypofibrinogenemia, which is a very rare paraneoplastic phenomenon. The patient was treated with daily transfusions of cryoprecipitate with no long-term improvement. Then the specific anti-tumor therapy (ciproteron acetate) was initiated, and two weeks later, fibrinogen concentration and TT returned to normal values.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic bleeding disorder due to isolated hypofibrinogenemia: a case report. 1924 Aug 23

Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2% of all cancers. Metastases to bone occur 35% to 40% of the time, second in prevalence of metastases only to the lungs. These metastases are highly destructive, hypervascular tumors known to be difficult to manage. This article reports a unique case in which a patient was disease free for 33 years from initial nephrectomy for treatment of primary renal cell carcinoma to discovery of metastatic disease to the pelvis. Search for an unknown primary was performed, consisting of a complete blood count, chemistry, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, serum and urine protein electrophoresis, immunoglobulin levels, prostate specific antigen, liver function tests, bone scan, and chest, abdomen, and pelvis computed tomography scans. This workup was negative for any other primary source of malignancy, and the patient's remaining kidney was found to be free from any tumor burden. The patient successfully underwent excisional biopsy of the lesion, which proved to be vascular in nature, consistent with the final pathology of renal cell carcinoma. The longest amount of time from completion of treatment for the primary renal cell carcinoma to discovery of the first metastatic disease has previously been reported at 22.3 years. Mean interval between primary treatment and discovery of metastases has been defined as 3.0+/-5.4 years. This article highlights the need for advanced medical workup as well as maintaining a high clinical suspicion in patients with remote histories of primary malignancies who present with bony lesions.
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PMID:Renal cell carcinoma metastases to bone after a 33-year remission. 1963 12

We previously reported that higher serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with shorter survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). To confirm this finding in an independent data set, we used 119 CRPC patients enrolled in 6 phase II clinical trials and examined the relationship of CRP, alkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin, age, ECOG PS, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) with survival. Median follow-up was 19.7 months (0.9-98.5 months), and 89% have died. After analyzing the form of the risk function using the generalized additive model method, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between baseline individual categorical and continuous variables. Quartiles of CRP were: 0-1.0, 1.1-4.9, 5.0-17.0, and 17.1-311 mg/L. In a Cox multivariate model, log(2) (CRP) (HR 1.106, P = 0.013) as well as hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase were independently associated with survival, confirming that higher CRP is associated with shorter survival in CRPC. Since CRP is a marker of inflammation, this finding suggests that inflammation may play an important role in the natural history of advanced prostate cancer. CRP is a readily measurable biomarker that has the potential to improve prognostic models and should be validated in a prospective clinical trial.
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PMID:C-reactive protein as an adverse prognostic marker for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): confirmatory results. 2020 56

A cohort of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that were treated with docetaxel (DOC) were retrospectively analyzed in order to examine the factors for continuing DOC therapy. In total, 26 patients treated with DOC at our hospital from August 2007 to August 2011 were recruited into the study. The participants were divided into two groups ; the first comprising 13 patients who received short-term DOC therapy (less than 5 cycles) and the second comprising 13 who received long-term DOC therapy (5 or more cycles). There was no significant difference in the indicators including age, prostate specific antigen level (at initial diagnosis), clinical stage and Gleason score between the groups. Patients with pain or poor performance status were more likely to be found in the short-term DOC group. The Hemoglobin-level was significantly higher in the long-term DOC group. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in the short-term DOC group. The period from the start of primary endocrine therapy to CRPC diagnosis was significantly longer in the long-term DOC group (p=0.0008). This latter finding suggests that DOC therapy can be continued for a longer time, in CRPC cases which have a long-term response to endocrine therapy, and may be associated with a more favorable survival outcome. However, to validate this suggestion, further investigation with a larger cohort of cases is necessary.
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PMID:[The factors for continuing docetaxel-based chemotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer]. 2287 5

In this work, a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneous sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) is fabricated. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified Prussian blue and nickel hexacyanoferrates nanoparticles were firstly prepared, respectively, and then decorated onion-like mesoporous graphene sheets (denoted as Au@PBNPs/O-GS and Au@NiNPs/O-GS) as distinguishable signal tags to label different detection antibodies. Subsequently, streptavidin and biotinylated alkaline phosphatase (bio-AP) were employed to block the possible remaining active sites. With the employment of the as prepared nanohybrids, the dual catalysis amplification can be achieved by catalysis of the ascorbic acid 2-phosphate to in situ produce AA in the presence of bio-AP, and then AA was further catalyzed by Au@PBNPs/O-GS and Au@NiNPs/O-GS nanohybrids, respectively, to obtain the higher signal responses. The experiment results show that the linear range of the proposed immunosensor for simultaneous determination of fPSA is from 0.02 to 10 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 6.7 pg mL(-1) and PSA is from 0.01 to 50 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 3.4 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). Importantly, the proposed method offers promise for rapid, simple and cost-effective analysis of biological samples.
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PMID:Simultaneous electrochemical detection of multiple tumor markers based on dual catalysis amplification of multi-functionalized onion-like mesoporous graphene sheets. 2297 82


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