Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to relate dose-dependent hepatotoxicity stemming from prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations of the cyclic heptapeptide microcystin-LR (Mcyst) to hepatic Mcyst concentrations and protein phosphatase activity. Mcyst is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase types 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A). Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were infused continuously with 0, 3, 6, or 9 micrograms Mcyst/day for 28 days using intraperitoneal mini-osmotic pumps containing highly purified toxin or saline. At the end of 28 days, dose-dependent increases in several serum biochemical tests including sorbitol dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bile acids had occurred. Serum albumin decreased in a dose-dependent fashion. Liver activity of both PP1 and PP2A decreased in a dose-dependent manner, but with a relatively greater effect on PP2A than PP1. Liver cytosol Mcyst concentrations, measured by direct competitive ELISA, also increased in a dose-dependent manner, although at a higher rate than would be predicted from the incremental increase in dose given. This disproportional increase is suggestive of the bioaccumulation of Mcyst with increasing dose. Histopathological abnormalities included hepatocellular apoptosis and cytosolic vacuolation of principally zone 3 hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical stains revealed Mcyst predominantly within pericanalicular regions of zone 3 hepatocytes. It was concluded that prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations of Mcyst results in multiple dose-dependent hepatotoxic effects that correspond to decreased hepatic serine/threonine protein phosphatase activity and increasing cytosolic Mcyst concentrations. The disproportional increase of hepatic Mcyst concentrations observed may suggest the bioaccumulation of toxin and an increasing relative risk of hepatotoxicity with increasing dose.
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PMID:Prolonged sublethal exposure to the protein phosphatase inhibitor microcystin-LR results in multiple dose-dependent hepatotoxic effects. 972 Jan 45

To determine the decision level of liver function in the most elderly patients, we compared serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) values of the most elderly patients > 85 years with those of healthy young adults. Two hundred fifty five elderly people, aged 88-106 years and average 96.6 years(171 women, 84 men), were included in this study. Elderly people were divided into four groups according to their activities of daily living(ADL), 114 Rank-J: free living, 62 Rank-A: unable to go outside without help, 39 Rank-B: bedridden but able to sit up in bed and 40 Rank-C: completely bedridden. Serum albumin values for the most elderly patients in Rank-J were 4.2 +/- 0.3 g/dl for women and 4.0 +/- 0.3 g/dl for men, showing marked decrease from those of young healthy adults aged 19-59 years(p < 0.0001). In 22.2% of elderly women and 44.2% of elderly men, albumin values deviated from the reference interval of young adults. ALT value for the most elderly patients also showed a decrease in both sexes and AST and ALP values for the most elderly patients showed an increase in women compared with young adults. However, these were minor deviations from the reference interval for young adults. In ADL-stratified groups of the most elderly patients, serum albumin values showed marked decrease with decline in ADL, whereas AST, ALT and ALP values remained constant in both sexes regardless of ADL.
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PMID:[Liver function of the most elderly patients]. 1080 30

Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for control of canine epilepsy. Phenobarbital induces hepatic enzyme activity, can be hepatotoxic, and decreases serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations in some dogs. The duration of liver enzyme induction and T4 concentration decreases after discontinuation of phenobarbital is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the changes in serum total T4 (TT4), free T4 (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cholesterol and albumin concentrations, and activities in serum of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) after discontinuation of long-term phenobarbital administration in normal dogs. Twelve normal dogs were administered phenobarbital at a dosage of approximately 4.4-6.6 mg/kg PO q12h for 27 weeks. Blood was collected for analysis before and after 27 weeks of phenobarbital administration and then weekly for 10 weeks after discontinuation of the drug. The dogs were clinically normal throughout the study period. Serum ALT and ALP activity and TSH and cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher than baseline at week 27. Serum T4 and FT4 were significantly lower. Serum albumin and GGT were not changed from baseline at week 27. Changes in estimate of thyroid function (TT4, FT4, TSH) persisted for 1-4 weeks after discontinuation of phenobarbital, whereas changes in hepatic enzyme activity (ALT, ALP) and cholesterol concentration resolved in 3-5 weeks. To avoid false positive results, it is recommended that thyroid testing be performed at least 4 weeks after discontinuation of phenobarbital administration. Elevated serum activity of hepatic enzymes 6-8 weeks after discontinuation of phenobarbital may indicate hepatic disease.
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PMID:Thyroid function and serum hepatic enzyme activity in dogs after phenobarbital administration. 1083 May 41

A significant increase in body weight with remarkable increase in total food intake and significant increase in protein efficiency ratio were observed following oral administration of R. graveolens ether extract (500 mg/kg body wt) to growing rats for 3 weeks. Serum albumin was significantly decreased after administration of declofenac (15 mg/kg body wt). Albumin/globulin ratio decreased significantly on administration of E. peplus ether extract (500 mg/kg body wt). No significant changes were observed in other biochemical and nutritional parameters on administration of either of the extracts or declofenac. However, only a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase was noticed during treatment with R. graveolens. The results suggest that both plant extracts have no harmful effect on nutritional status and are safe towards kidney functions, while Euphorbia is more safe than Ruta in relation to liver functions.
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PMID:Effect of Ruta graveolens L. and Euphorbia peplus L. anti-inflammatory extracts on nutritional status of rats and the safety of their use. 1256 67

30 cecum-ligated rats were divided into 3 groups: group OS fed with stock diet; group HTPN (high-energy total parenteral nutrition) infused with 260 kcal/kg/d of non-protein energy (NPE), which was isoenergetic to the first group; and group LTPN (low-energy total parenteral nutrition) infused with 160 kcal/kg/d. All rats received approximately 1.4 g/kg/d of nitrogen. Positive nitrogen balances were obtained in all 3 groups, although the values were lower in group LTPN. Serum albumin remained normal. Total bilirubin, lipoprotein-X, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), gamma-glutamyl trans-peptidase (gamma-GT) and glutamic-pyruvic transminase (GPT) were significantly lower in group LTPN than in group HTPN. Histological examination with both light and electron microscopy revealed more severe bile stasis in the canaliculi in group HTPN than in group LTPN. In a separate clinical study, lasting more than 4 weeks, two groups of surgical patients received isonitrogenous TPN regimes containing different amounts of energy (40 kcal/kg/d and 30 kcal/kg/d, respectively). 40% of the NPE was infused as fat. The patients were matched for age, clinical condition and nutritional support technique. There were no differences between the groups in nitrogen balance or serum albumin. However serum AKP and gamma-GT increased in the HTPN group after 2 weeks of nutritional support, whilst in the LTPN group the increase did not occur until the fourth week. Our results suggest that TPN-induced cholestasis can be prevented or delayed by reducing the intake of NPE.
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PMID:Prevention of total parenteral nutrition-induced cholestasis by low non-protein energy supply: an animal experiment and clinical study. 1684 91

An asymptomatic 70-year-old Hispanic woman with type 2 diabetes was found in 2004 to have an AST of 132 U/L, ALT 146 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 1107 U/L, total serum bilirubin 3.5 mg/dL, and albumin 2.9 g/dL. Viral hepatitis testing was negative. Serum IgG, IgA, and IgM were all elevated, antimitochondrial antibody was weakly positive, and antinuclear antibody was negative. Liver biopsy was reported to show "evolving cirrhosis with marked lymphoid hyperplasia." Although the indication was nowhere stated, she was prescribed ursodeoxycholic acid 500 mg b.i.d, on which her biochemical tests initially improved. One year later she developed itching and jaundice. Imaging studies revealed multiple gallstones. An MRCP was suggestive of cirrhosis with a questionable common bile duct stricture, and she underwent ERCP with removal of gallbladder and common bile duct stones and placement of a biliary stent. A periampullary mass, which proved to be a somatostatinoma, was excised in 2006 via an open laparotomy, at which the stent was removed and a second liver biopsy performed. It was reported as showing chronic active hepatitis, activity stage 2, and fibrosis grade 3 with bridging. Her subsequent course was complicated by recurrent bleeding from small bowel arteriovenous malformations. Seen for the first time at Columbia University Medical Center in January 2007, she complained of continuing pruritus. AST was 69 U/L, ALT 43 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 491 U/L, and total bilirubin 3.3 mg/dL. Serum albumin was 2.6 g/dL. Antinuclear antibodies, negative in 2004, were now positive at 1:320, and antimitochondrial M2 antibodies were strongly positive. Serum IgG and IgA, but NOT IgM, were elevated. Review of her outside liver biopsies revealed features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in the first, and of both PBC and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in the second. The patient exhibits an overlap syndrome, in which both histologic and serologic features of AIH evolved in a setting initially most suggestive of PBC alone. The phenomenon of autoimmune overlap syndromes is discussed.
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PMID:Evolution from primary biliary cirrhosis to primary biliary cirrhosis/autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome. 1829 83

Biochemical reference intervals were determined for 31 clinically healthy Iberian lynxes (Lynx pardinus) between 1 and 6 years of age. Thirteen of the lynxes were wild-caught and the other 18 were captive-reared animals. The samples were collected between November 2004 and December 2006. The influence of sex (males vs. females), age (juveniles vs. adults) and habitat condition (free-living vs. captive) on the biochemical analytes were evaluated. Serum albumin concentrations were significantly higher in females than in males, while creatine phosphokinase was higher in males. The levels of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were higher in juvenile lynxes, while gamma glutamyl-transferase and creatinine values were higher in adults. Lynxes captured in the wild had higher concentrations of iron, calcium, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine, but lower aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase than lynxes maintained in captivity. The results were generally comparable to commonly reported reference intervals for other lynx species, the domestic cat and other felid species.
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PMID:Determination of serum biochemical reference intervals for the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). 1907 Oct 43

This study was to explore the relationships between personal exposure to 10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and biochemical liver tests with the application of canonical correlation analysis. Data from a subsample of the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Serum albumin, total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) served as the outcome variables. Personal exposures to benzene, chloroform, ethylbenzene, tetrachloroethene, toluene, trichloroethene, o-xylene, m-,p-xylene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were assessed through the use of passive exposure monitors worn by study participants. The first two canonical correlations were 0.3218 and 0.2575, suggesting a positive correlation mainly between the six VOCs (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-,p-xylene, and MTBE) and the three biochemical liver tests (albumin, ALP, and GGT) and a positive correlation mainly between the two VOCs (1,4-dichlorobenzene and tetrachloroethene) and the two biochemical liver tests (LDH and TB). Subsequent multiple linear regressions show that exposure to benzene, toluene, or MTBE was associated with serum albumin, while exposure to tetrachloroethene was associated with LDH and total bilirubin. In conclusion, exposure to certain VOCs as a group or individually may influence certain biochemical liver test results in the general population.
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PMID:Examination of the relationships between environmental exposures to volatile organic compounds and biochemical liver tests: application of canonical correlation analysis. 1911 55

The objective of the present work was to assess bone mineral density (BMD) and its predictors in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, to check the history of those patients 4 years after the assessment, and to relate thoses outcome to BMD. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure BMD in 26 patients at the femoral neck (FN), and we related those measurements to demographic, nutrition, and laboratory data. Four years after the assessments, the outcomes of those patients were checked and related to BMD. In the study patients, the mean FN BMD was 0.842 +/- 0.137 g/cm2. Serum albumin, lean body mass, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and treatment with acetylsalicylic acid were significant predictors for BMD in the first multivariate model. A second model included blood pH, serum phosphorus, serum creatinine, and age as significant BMD predictors. Hemoglobin or hematocrit could have replaced phosphorus as a BMD predictor The prevalences of abnormal values for BMD predictors in the study patients were phosphorus > 4.5 mg/dL, 69.2%; pH < 7.36, 53.8%; albumin < 3.5 g/dL, 46.1%; ALP > 104 IU/L, 23.1%; and hemoglobin < 11.0 g/ dL, 23.1%. In 8 patients, a successful renal transplantation occurred at 8.5 +/- 9.3 months; 9 patients died at 25.9 +/- 12.5 months; and 9 patients continued dialysis for a further 50.4 +/- 1.7 months. The highest BMD was found in the patients who underwent renal transplantation (0.962 +/- 0.110 g/cm2); the lowest BMD was found in the patients who died (0.737 +/- 0.100 g/ cm2, p = 0.001). In PD patients, low BMD indicates worse outcome. High prevalences of predictors for low BMD (age, poor nutrition status, metabolic acidosis, high phosphorus, anemia) also contribute to worse outcome in PD patients.
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PMID:Bone mineral density, its predictors, and outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients. 2207 46

1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of laying hens for an excessive L-valine (L-val) supply on laying performance, egg quality, serum free amino acids, immune function and antioxidant enzyme activities of laying hens. 2. A total of 720 HyLine Brown hens were allocated to 5 dietary treatment groups, each of which included 6 replicates of 24 hens, from 40 to 47 weeks of age. Graded amounts of L-val were added to the basal diet to achieve concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/kg, respectively, in the experimental diets. 3. Supplementing the diet with L-val did not affect egg production, egg mass, egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) or egg quality. The average daily feed intake response to supplemental L-val was quadratic and was maximised at 2.0 g L-val/kg diet. No differences were observed for total protein, total amino acids, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), Ca and P concentrations among the treatments. 4. Serum albumin concentration increased significantly in response to supplemental L-val and was also maximised at 2.0 g/kg. In addition, serum glucose increased quadratically to peak at 2.0 g L-val/kg diet. Serum free valine increased as L-val concentration increased to 2.0 g/kg diet and then decreased linearly. 5. Supplementation of L-val did not affect the serum concentrations of total antioxidative capability (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). L-val supplementation did not affect the concentrations of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and complements (C3 and C4). Serum concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) increased significantly at 2.0 g L-val/kg diet. 6. It is concluded that high concentrations of L-val are tolerated and can be successfully supplemented into diets without detrimental effects on laying performance or immune function of laying hens.
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PMID:Effect of excess dietary L-valine on laying hen performance, egg quality, serum free amino acids, immune function and antioxidant enzyme activity. 2540 58


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