Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Cefmenoxime (CMX) was administered with a dosage regimen of 20-25 mg/kg, 2-3 times daily (40-75 mg/kg/day) by intravenous drip over 30 minutes to 9 neonates with bacterial infections including purulent meningitis and septicemia. Clinical responses to the treatment were excellent in 7 and poor in 2. Bacteriological responses were "eradication of pathogens" from 8 of them except another patient with an infection due to Staphylococcus aureus. 2. Adverse reactions to CMX were observed in 6 of 18 neonates treated with the drug: diarrhea, oral thrush, and the elevation of S-GOT, S-GPT, LDH and alkaline phosphatase. None of the reactions, however, necessitated the discontinuation of the treatment. 3. Changes in blood concentrations of CMX in neonates with ages between 0 and 30 days were followed. These subjects included 16 mature neonates and 10 neonates with low birth weights. Intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg of CMX over 30 minutes was immediately followed by peak blood CMX concentrations of 34.6-72.7 mcg/ml (mean +/- S.D.: 50.4 +/- 11.3 mcg/ml) in the mature neonates, and 22.3-78.2 mcg/ml (55.5 +/- 16.5 mcg/ml) in the neonates with low birth weight. Blood half-lives of the drug in the mature neonates were in the range from 1.7 to 20.7 hours (5.9 +/- 6.6 hours) in subjects with ages of 0-3 days, and 1.1-3.5 hours (2.0 +/- 0.8 hours) in subjects of 4-25 days. In neonates with low birth weight, they were 3.4-10.2 hours (7.2 +/- 2.7 hours) in subjects of 0-2 days, and 1.4-5.5 hours (3.0 +/- 1.5 hours) in subjects of 4-30 days. In other words, the blood half-lives of the drug tended to be longer in younger subjects. 4. Concentration of CMX in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined in a patient in acute stage with purulent meningitis caused by Mycoplasma hominis. Intravenous drip infusion of 80 mg/kg of CMX over 30 minutes was followed by CSF concentrations of 7.7-15.5 mcg/ml. 5. MICs of CMX for clinical isolates were determined. The drug was proved to have excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (3 strains) and group B hemolytic streptococci (2 strains) and these MICs were comparable to those of cefotaxime. The MIC of CMX for S. aureus (1 strain) was high at 25 mcg/ml with an inoculum size of 10(8) CFU/ml. This MIC value of CMX was higher than that of cefmetazole.
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PMID:[A preclinical and clinical study of cefmenoxime in newborns]. 261 17

Cefmenoxime was evaluated in an open trial consisting of 41 patients. Forty infections in 36 patients could be evaluated. Thirteen patients had pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli (two bacteremic), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Streptococcus faecalis; all improved and 12 of 13 were clinically cured, but one relapse (S. faecalis) occurred at two weeks. Six patients with cystitis due to E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, P. aeruginosa, or S. faecalis all improved, but relapse or reinfection, or both, occurred in five due to P. aeruginosa, S. faecalis, C. fruendii, or E. coli. Neurogenic bladder or other complications were present in five of 13 patients with pyelonephritis and five of six with cystitis. Ten patients with pneumonia and one with tracheobronchitis due to Hemophilus influenzae, S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, or Neisseria meningitidis all improved and seven had resolution without relapse, but P. aeruginosa emerged in two patients, one of whom died. Eight soft tissue infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Peptococcus prevotti, Streptococcus species, or infections of mixed origin resolved in six. Sterility of blood cultures was obtained in one patient with endocarditis due to S. anginosus, but other therapy was substituted. Clinical resolution of the toxic shock syndrome and subsequent negative endocervical cultures for S. aureus occurred in one. Granulocytopenia of unverified cause in four (with less than 1,500 mm3) and two (with less than 2,000 mm3) was reversible. Headache during treatment occurred in six patients and a possible disulfiram-like effect in three. Elevations of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase occurred in five, Coombs' positivity in two, and diarrhea in three. Clinical efficacy of cefmenoxime was significant. Possible side effects require further study.
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PMID:Cefmenoxime: clinical evaluation. 609 26