Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potential hepatotoxic activity of isoflurane, a volatile anesthetic agent recently introduced in Italy, has been investigated by the Authors in the present study. Hepatic markers blood level (GPT, gamma GT, alkaline phosphatase and albumin) have been checked preoperatively and at day 1 and 4 postoperatively in a group of 35 patients who underwent general anesthesia for plastic surgery operations by means of isoflurane. As control group 32 patients were tested, treated with general anesthesia for the same type of surgery by means of halotane. The Authors conclude that isoflurane, according to the data obtained from present study, cannot be, at the moment, considered hepatotoxic.
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PMID:[Hepatic injury and halogenated anesthetics: preliminary clinical experience]. 293 32

Serial physiological responses were examined for 150 min from captive collared peccaries during immobilization with ketamine hydrochloride. Rectal temperatures decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) during anesthesia. Serum concentrations of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and calcium declined significantly (P less than 0.05) during the first 45 min post-immobilization before stabilizing. Concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in sera showed similar but nonsignificant (P greater than 0.05) trends. Inorganic phosphorus and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations increased significantly (P less than 0.05) throughout the trial. Concentrations of serum glucose and glucocorticoid during the immobilization period were highly variable between individuals. Serum electrolytes, urea nitrogen, creatinine, gammaglutamyl transferase and progesterone were not significantly (P greater than 0.05) affected by immobilization. Elevations in serum testosterone were noted. Results indicated appropriate sampling times relative to immobilization for assay of particular serum biochemicals and steroid hormones during investigations of the physiology of the collared peccary.
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PMID:Endocrine and metabolic responses of the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) to immobilization with ketamine hydrochloride. 300 72

Retained or recurrent stones in the common bile duct remain a clinical problem in 2% to 5% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Nonoperative extraction via the T tube tract or endoscopic sphincterotomy is successful in 85% to 95% of patients; however, the remainder require reoperation. This study evaluates the efficacy of electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy therapy of common duct stones too large to be extracted endoscopically or by T tube. Six patients were entered into the study. Ages ranged from 62 to 93 years. All patients either had severe preexisting systemic disorders or were of an advanced age. Stones ranged in size from 10 to 41 mm, with a mean largest dimension of 22 mm. In all patients either extraction by traditional nonoperative means failed or there was a stone that was considered to be too large to be extracted successfully. Patients were treated with 1200 to 2400 shocks at 16 to 20 kV. Five of six patients were treated with local anesthesia and sedation. Stones were successfully fragmented in all but one patient. Five patients required extraction of the remaining fragments either through the T tube tract (one patient) or via endoscopic sphincterotomy. All patients were free of stones at discharge, with the exception of one patient with severe cirrhosis who had an intrahepatic stone behind a right hepatic duct stricture. This stone had been successfully fragmented but an endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatogram revealed some residual fragments despite normal alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin values. There were no hospital deaths, although the patient with the intrahepatic stone died of bleeding varices several months later. Electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy seems to be an effective adjuvant treatment in clearing the bile duct of stones that would otherwise require reoperation.
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PMID:Electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) fragmentation of retained common duct stones. 317 59

Four groups of 12 baboons each were sedated for a period of 3 hours by means of one of 4 anaesthetic treatments. The treatments involved repeated administration of either ketamine or phencyclidine, or initial sedation with one of these followed by pentobarbitone. A number of plasma metabolites were measured at 30 min intervals. With one exception, there were no significant differences between the 4 individual anaesthetic treatments; there was a small, but significant, decrease in plasma calcium (3.4%) in the group receiving phencyclidine followed by pentobarbitone. There were, however, significant changes with time. Plasma inorganic phosphorus and magnesium concentrations in all the groups rose similarly, reaching mean respective increases of 21.8% and 7.7% after 3 hours. In a number of cases divergent time trends were observed between the pair of groups given pentobarbitone and the pair receiving only ketamine or phencyclidine. Pooling the results from each of these pairs of treatment groups doubled the overall group sizes to 24 animals each and enabled significant differences between the divergent time trends to be detected. In the former pair plasma zinc increased (by a maximum of 16.1%) and protein decreased (by a maximum of 4.0%), while in the latter pair alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol levels both increased (up to maximums of 7.8% and 5.2%, respectively). No significant changes with time were found to be attributable to diurnal variation. Some of the changes in plasma metabolite concentrations following anaesthesia are such that due care should be exercised in their determination and interpretation in anaesthetised baboons.
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PMID:Effects of certain anaesthetics on plasma metabolite concentrations in the baboon (Papio ursinus). 350 4

This study quantitatively compared various indices of perfused capillary morphometry in pentobarbital-anesthetized and awake rat brains. We hypothesized that barbiturate anesthesia would reduce intraregional differences in percent perfused capillary volume and surface area. A high-molecular-weight FITC-labeled Dextran was injected intravenously into awake or barbiturate-anesthetized (50 mg/kg i.p.) rats. After 20 s, the animal was decapitated and the head frozen in liquid N2. Nine brain regions were isolated and mounted in a microtome cryostat. Sections, 2 microns thick, were photographed with a fluorescent microscope to detect the perfused capillaries. The sections were stained for alkaline phosphatase to visualize the total capillary network. Standard morphometric techniques were employed to determine the total and perfused volume (Vv), surface area (Sv) per mm3 and diameter (D) from the photographs. There were no significant differences in any index of total capillary morphometry among the regions in the anesthetized brain. Approximately half of the average total capillary bed was perfused and there were no significant differences in percent perfused Vv or Sv between awake and anesthetized brains. There were significant differences among the various brain regions in the perfused capillary bed of the awake rat. The percent perfused capillary Vv and Sv in the awake rat was significantly greater in the thalamus and anterior cortex than in other brain regions. In awake rats, the percent perfused capillary Vv ranged from 67.9 +/- 4.7% (mean +/- S.E.M.) in the thalamus to 26.1 +/- 4.3% in the posterior cortex. Thus, while the average percent perfused indices of capillary morphometry were not altered by anesthesia, regional differences in these indices among the examined regions were abolished with anesthesia.
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PMID:Alterations in perfused capillary morphometry in awake vs anesthetized brain. 373 Aug 47

The effects of ketamine anesthesia (15 mg/kg body weight) on hematological and serum biochemical values were examined in six female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) who were born in the wild. As control, another six female cynomolgus monkeys of the same origin were injected with physiological saline. The white blood cell count, total protein concentration, albumin concentration and calcium concentration decreased after the injection of ketamine, whereas the red blood cell count, hematocrit value, hemoglobin concentration, total cholesterol concentration, free cholesterol concentration, triglyceride concentration, transaminase activities (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase activity were not affected. A transient increase of the serum glucose level was observed within 10 minutes after ketamine injection. The relationship between these effects of ketamine anesthesia and serum cortisol levels measured by radioimmunoassay was discussed.
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PMID:[The effects of ketamine anesthesia on hematological and serum biochemical values in female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)]. 380 31

Changes in three recognized liver function tests are reported following the use of propofol in 30 fit, unpremedicated women in whom propofol was used as the main anaesthetic agent. Doses of 140 to 330 mg were given, together with nitrous oxide and oxygen. All patients were undergoing minor gynaecological operations and all conformed to Grade 1 physical status of American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification. In none of these patients was there hypoxia or hypercarbia at any time during or following anaesthesia and none of the patients received any other drugs until completion of the study. No significant changes in liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) or in serum alkaline phosphatase were detected.
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PMID:Changes in liver function tests after propofol ('Diprivan'). 387 86

The observation that patients with extensive small bowel resection have impaired hepatocellular function with reduced BSP clearance and fatty change in biopsies from the liver led to a systematic study of liver structure and function following proximal and distal small bowel resection in the rat. While anaesthesia and surgery impaired BSP clearance per se, small bowel resection further reduced BSP clearance with impairment of both uptake and excretion phases of BSP excretion. The increased BSP retention was more marked after distal than after proximal small bowel resection, but in both experimental groups the abnormalities of BSP excretion spontaneously returned to normal three to four weeks after surgery. Circulating liver enzymes were normal but serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly depressed, particularly after distal resection. Isoenzyme studies showed that the depression of serum AP was due to a reduced intestinal isoenzyme. While serum levels remained consistently depressed up to eight weeks after proximal resection, in parallel with mucosal regeneration, serum AP returned to normal two to four weeks after ileectomy. While these minor changes in hepatic structure and function would normally be of little clinical importance, the additional insult of hepatic dysfunction may well be important in malnourished patients after extensive small bowel resection.
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PMID:Liver structure and function following small bowel resection. 471 9

Three groups of patients received Althesin, minaxolone or di-isopropyl phenol to supplement 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. A fourth group receiving halothane to supplement nitrous oxide in oxygen acted as a control. Hepatic function tests were measured before operation and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after major vascular reconstructive surgery. There were significant increases to a mean value above the upper limit of normal in aspartate amino-transferase activity by day 3 in all groups. Total lactic dehydrogenase activity increased in the patients receiving Althesin, minaxolone and halothane. No change was seen in the alkaline phosphatase in any of the study groups. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase increased in all groups, but the mean value at day 7 was not greater than the upper limit of normal. The mean activity of ornithine carbamoyl transpeptidase showed no change in any group throughout the study period. Two of the patients receiving minaxolone suffered cholestatic jaundice during the first month. These results suggest that anaesthesia with Althesin or di-isopropyl phenol results in enzyme changes similar to those seen in a comparable group of patients receiving halothane to supplement nitrous oxide in oxygen anaesthesia.
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PMID:Hepatic function after anaesthesia for major vascular reconstructive surgery. 613 33

Activities of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined in healthy cats and in cats before and after treatment: common bile duct ligation, carbon tetrachloride administration, sham surgery, or anesthesia only. Significant (P less than 0.01) increases in serum GGT, ALP, and ALT occurred in cats with ligated bile ducts. Significant (P less than 0.01) increases in serum ALT occurred in carbon tetrachloride-treated cats. Increases of serum GGT, ALP, or ALT were not observed in cats subjected to sham surgery or anesthesia only compared with these cats' baseline values and values in healthy cats. Tissue GGT activity was measured in liver, renal cortex, jejunal mucosa, and bile ducts. There was a 1.5-fold increase in GGT activity in livers of cats with ligated bile ducts, compared with that in livers of healthy cats.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in healthy cats and cats with induced hepatic disease. 613 66


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