Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN), which alters drug responses and induces hepatic microsomal drugs-metabolizing enzymes in experimental animals, is well-tolerated in man. There were no marked changes in the concentrations of blood sugar and urea; marked changes in the concentrations of blood sugar and urea; bromsulphophthalein (BSP) clearance; serum alkaline phosphatase activity; hematocrit, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts; as well as in ecg patterns. When the steroid was given by mouth for 4 days to patients treated with electroshock for psychiatric disorders, it decreased suxamethonium-induced skeletal muscle fasciculation and shortened thiopentone as well as propanidid anaesthesia. Breathing was resumed more rapidly than in control subjects. The protective effect of PCN is probably mediated through induction of activation or hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, or both.
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PMID:Effect of pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) on drug response in man. 23 70

The disappearance rate of bromsulphthalein (BSP) has been studied in 43 patients before and during vaginal hysterectomy under three kinds of anesthesia: Halothane anesthesia, neuroleptanalgesia, and peridural anesthesia. Furthermore, serum enzymes were measured before and after surgery. The half-life of BSP in the elimination phase is significantly prolonged during general anesthesia but not during the peridural anesthesia in the same procedure. There were slight increases of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in the later postoperative days with no changes of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. It can be concluded that the known post-operative transient liver dysfunction, detected only by the BSP-test, occurs during the performance of surgery and is caused by the influence of the general anesthesia on the intrahepatic cell metabolism and not by the operative procedure itself.
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PMID:Transient liver deterioration induced by general anesthesia. 46 85

Experimental closed loop small intestinal volvulus was studied in the anesthetized horse. Volvulus was simulated by ligation of the mesenterial veins to a segment of small intestine. Physical signs and hemodynamic, hematologic, clinical chemical, bacteriologic and peritoneal fluid values were examined. Compared to conscious horses anesthesia highly delayed and modified the clinical signs of shock (changes in mucosal colour, dehydration, decreased skin temperature, elevated pulse rate, low blood pressures) and of small intestinal volvulus (altered peristalsis, gastric dilation). Plasma glucose response to shock was also modified by unconsciousness. However, a dose response relationship was indicated between the extent of small intestinal damage and clinical symptoms. The same was applicable to changes in blood pressures, blood acid-base balance, lactate, potassium, chloride, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, creatinine, creatine kinase, red blood cell and total white blood cell counts and serum total protein. The relationship was also indicated in the following peritoneal fluid values: volume, lactate, pH, total white cell counts, alkaline phosphatase and bacteriology. Changes related to shock (insufficient tissue perfusion) were low blood pressures and metabolic acidosis due to anaerobic glycolysis with accumulation of lactic acid. Also low plasma glucose and elevated plasma potassium, creatinine, inorganic phosphorus and creatine kinase were regarded as consequences of shock.
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PMID:Simulated small intestinal volvulus in the anesthetized horse. 52 13

The methodology of a large prospective study on the influence of repeated anaesthetics on liver function is reported and the problems involved are discussed. The most suitable patients were those presenting for endoscopic examination of the bladder and urethra, for urethral dilatation and for cervical implantation of radium. Blood samples were taken immediately before induction of anaesthesia and on days 3-4 and 13-15 after operation, when a clinical assessment of the patient was also carried out. The concentrations of six enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum cholinesterase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) werechosen specifically as indices of liver function. The eosinophil count was measured to reflect any hypersensitivity reaction. The non-Gaussian distribution of these necessitated using appropriate non-parametric tests together with parametric tests on logarithmic transformed data. In addition a quantal method was used to measure the frequency of patients showing an "abnormal" increase in enzyme concentrations.
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PMID:Methodology of a prospective study of changes in liver enzyme concentrations following repeat anaesthetics. 52 78

Enflurane anesthesia with thiamylal induction in the dog produced only slight, statistically insignificant, changes in the heart rate and the mean systemic blood pressure. A significant depression of the respiratory rate with an associated significant increase in the arterial partial pressure of CO2 was produced, accompanied by a decrease in the blood pH. Progressive drop of the body temperature occurred throughout anesthesia. Significant hematologic changes included a reduction in the packed cell volume and the erythrocyte and leukocyte counts. The only significant change in the blood chemistry was an increase in alkaline phosphatase at 24 and 48 hours after induction of anesthesia.
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PMID:Physiologic changes in the dog anesthetized with thiamylal and enflurane. 87 63

Effects of 3 hours of methoxyflurane anesthesia in 20 dogs were determined by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SC), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). sulfobromphthalein (BSP), phenosulfonphthalein (PSP) clearance test, 24-hour water intake and urine excretion, and serum inorganic fluoride (SIF) evaluation. Values for BUN, SC, serum ALT, BSP, and PSP after the anesthetic were not significantly different (P less than 0.05) from the base-line values. The serum ALP values were significantly increased (P less than 0.001). Water intake and urine excretion showed a peak increase 48 hours after anesthesia. Serum inorganic fluoride concentration increased significantly (P less than 0.001) compared with the base line. The SIF 20 minutes before anesthesia was 4.54 +/- 0.82 mumol/L, at 90 minutes of surgical anesthesia 92.35 +/- 8.91 micronmol/L, at 20 minutes after anesthesia 132 +/- 12.55 micronmol/L, and at 1, 3, and 6 days after anesthesia they were 105.60 +/- 8.93, 42.10 +/- 6.90, and 12.65 +/- 1.32 micronmol/L. Clinical signs of renal or hepatic failure were not detected in any of the treated dogs during 7 day post-anesthetic observation period.
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PMID:Serum fluoride concentration, renal, and hepatic function test results in dogs with methoxyflurane anesthesia. 88 22

The most serious adverse effect of standard intestinal bypass for obesity is the high incidence of hepatic dysfunction and death from hepatic failure. We therefore examined the long-term effects of a modified form of jejunoileal bypass (in which a greater continuous length of ileum is retained), on liver function in 120 patients. Substantial weight loss (119-0+/-SD 23-3 kg to 82-3+/-18-8 kg) occurred during the first nine months after surgery, accompanied by a significant rise in serum concentrations of bilirubin, alanine transferase, and alkaline phosphatase, and a significant reduction in albumin concentrations. Biochemical changes were unrelated to weight loss or halothane anaesthesia. After weight stabilisation liver function reverted to normal, and four years after bypass sulphobromophthalein retention and hepatic histology did not differ from those in obese controls. There were two postoperative deaths. Three other patients died during the period of rapid weight loss with severe hepatic steatosis. While transient mild impairment of liver function is common after modified jejunoileal bypass, clinically significant hepatic dysfunction is a rare and unexplained early complication.
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PMID:Hepatic structure and function after modified jejunoileal bypass surgery for obesity. 91 71

Ninety-nine Black females receiving radium therapy for carcinoma of the cervix uteri under either halothane (50 patients) or enflurane (49 patients) anaesthesia were studied. Thirty-six received a second and 13 a third exposure to halothane or enflurane. There were no significant changes from the control values in the serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (s.g.o.t.), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT), lactic dehydrogenase (SLD), alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and proteins. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) decreased significantly during the first exposure to enflurane (P less than 0.01). This trend was reversed with subsequent anaesthetics in both the halothane and enflurane groups.
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PMID:A prospective study of hepatocellular function after repeated exposures to halothane or enflurane in women undergoing radium therapy for cervical cancer. 92 68

The experiments were carried out on 15 dogs and 15 cats of both sexes. All animals received ketamine intramuscularly in doses of 10 mg/kg of body weight (dogs) and 25 mg/kg (cats). After the ketamine injection operations were performed following laparotomy and then the animals were killed by exsanguination 90 min after the injection of ketamine. For histoenzymatic examinations fragments of organs were taken (liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs and heart) and histochemical examinations were done for acid phosphatase (AP), alkaline phosphatase (AIP) and non-specific esterase (NE). It was found that ketamine anaesthesia in dogs and cats causes a slight reversible damage to the liver and kidneys and increases the activity or reticuloendothelial cells in the organism.
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PMID:Effect of ketamine anaesthesia on enzyme activity in organs of dogs and cats. 122 11

Specific biochemical and physiological tests of liver function were used to assess 20 consecutive patients undergoing prolonged head and neck surgery with halothane or isoflurane anaesthesia. Hepatic function was assessed by measurement of serum concentrations of total bilirubin and albumin, and plasma activity of pseudocholinesterase, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepatic glutathione S-transferase. Plasma clearance of indocyanine green was used as an estimate of hepatic blood flow. No major differences were observed in serum concentrations of GGT, ALP, bilirubin, albumin or pseudocholinesterase. Serum AST activity in those patients receiving halothane was increased at 24 h and at 48 h compared with those who received isoflurane (not statistically significant). Glutathione S-transferase activity was increased significantly in the halothane group throughout the period of study, compared with those who received isoflurane. Similarly, there was a significant difference between the two groups as measured by plasma clearance of indocyanine green: in the halothane group there was a slower disappearance rate of the dye from plasma at specific times than in the patients who received isoflurane. Our data support the use of isoflurane rather than halothane for prolonged anaesthesia.
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PMID:Indocyanine green clearance and hepatic function during and after prolonged anaesthesia: comparison of halothane with isoflurane. 154 Apr 59


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