Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Choledochal cysts in adults is a rare condition. The present study describes our experience with this abnormality of the biliary tree. During a 16-year period (1978-1993) eight adults with type I choledochal cyst were treated surgically in our departments. They were 4 men and 4 women with a mean age of 38.9 years (range 20-84). Symptoms, clinical findings and abnormalities in laboratory investigations included pain in all patients, history of cholangitis (n = 3), cholangitis (n = 2), acute pancreatitis (n = 1), palpable mass (n = 2), abdominal tenderness (n = 4), leucocytocis (n = 2), and increased levels of serum total bilirubin (n = 4), SGOT (n = 2), and serum alkaline phosphatase (n = 4). Diagnosis was established by intravenous cholangiography in one case, by CT-scanning in one, by ultrasonography in 5 and by intraoperative cholangiography in one. All the patients were treated surgically. Three of them underwent a Roux-en-Y choledochocystojejunostomy and one a choledochocystoduodenostomy. The other 4 patients were treated with cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. There were no deaths among our patients. The mean follow-up period was 6.7 years (range 1-17). So far, five episodes of mild ascending cholangitis have occurred in the patient treated with choledochocystoduodenostomy. One patient in whom a Roux-en-Y choledochocystojejunostomy was performed had 2 episodes of right upper quadrant colic pain and one episode of cholangitis. Both these patients were treated conservatively. The other 6 patients had no episodes of pain cholangitis or jaundice. In conclusion, the primary treatment of choledochal cyst type I is the excision of the cyst with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The Roux-en-Y choledochocystojejunostomy is indicated in cases where, for various reasons, the cyst can not be safely removed.
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PMID:Long-term results of management of type I choledochal cysts in adults. 907 38

Nine pony breed foals were reared indoors, then allocated to one of three groups infected with either 3.9 million (Group A) or 3.15 million (Group B) cold-conditioned third stage cyathostome larvae or kept as uninfected controls (Group C). The larvae were administered as a 'trickle' infection of 150000 larvae per dose, three times weekly. Blood biochemical and haematological analyses were performed weekly and faecal worm egg counts bi-weekly. Complete parasitological examinations were performed on all ponies at various times post-initial infection (PI): one infected animal at 9 weeks PI, four animals (three infected, one control) at 20 weeks PI and four animals (two infected, two controls) at 60-62 weeks PI. All ponies in the infected groups experienced a marked reduction in weight gain and two animals developed clinical disease: one pony developed intermittent diarrhoea and colic 8 weeks PI; another pony developed intermittent diarrhoea between 30 and 52 weeks PI. All infected ponies had decreased serum fructosamine concentrations and five had decreased serum albumin, which were first apparent 4-6 weeks PI. Alterations in the composition of serum globulins were detected in all ponies. Transient neutrophilia was observed in five animals from the infected groups 3-9 weeks PI. Serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations were increased in one pony between 30 and 60 weeks PI. During the course of the experiment, faecal samples from all infected animals were negative for worm eggs. At necropsy, cyathostome larvae were present within the mucosa of the large intestine of all infected ponies, however the mucosal larval counts varied considerably between individuals.
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PMID:The pathogenic effects of experimental cyathostome infections in ponies. 919 14

In order to improve the non aggressive diagnosis of hepatic metastasis from digestive neoplasm, the authors analyzed the following biological parameters: aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and lacticodehydrogenase isoenzymes, gammaglutamyl-transpeptidase, conjugated and total bilirubin, C-reactive protein, type A, G, M immunoglobulins, C3 complement factor, alpha-1 acidic glycoprotein (orosomucoid), haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, prealbumin, ferritin. This work included 54 patients with digestive tract cancer (esophageal, gastric, colic, rectal, anal localizations), divided in two groups: M- (n = 27), without hepatic metastasis), and M+ (n = 27, with histological confirmed hepatic metastasis). The Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences for 12 parameters between the 2 groups. With more than 60% sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), according to the ROC curves, the following parameters can be selected: Total alkaline phosphatase (Se 89%, Sp 70%) and their macromolecular H2 fraction, lacticodehydrogenase fraction 4 (Se 63%, Sp 63%), gammaglutamyl-transpeptidase (Se 85%, Sp 82%), ceruloplasmin (Se 64%, Sp 65%), aspartate-aminotransferase determination (Se 63%, Sp 65%).
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PMID:[Detection of liver metastases from digestive cancer. Value of alkaline phosphatases, their macromolecular isoenzyme and of ceruloplasmin]. 923 22

Diagnosis of infection with the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica is usually difficult. Ultrasonography (US) might be a useful diagnostic alternative, and we assessed the value of sequential US in the diagnosis and monitoring of fascioliasis in 76 patients at baseline and for 60 days after treatment with triclabendazole. At baseline, biliary abnormalities were observed in 52 patients. Crescent-shaped parasites were seen in 11 patients; in 2 cases parasites were spontaneously moving and in 4 patients parasites were motionless. Postprandial examination revealed parasites adhering to the gallbladder wall in a further 5 cases. In 3 further cases, gallbladder contents were mobile but did not sediment downwards after patients changed position. Non-specific abnormalities were: impaired gallbladder contractility (n = 23), gallbladder tenderness (n = 19), debris (n = 6), calculi (n = 5), wall thickening (n = 2) and bile duct dilatation (n = 12). During day 1-7, Fasciola-like crescents in the gallbladder or passing through the bile duct were detected in another 15 patients, impaired gallbladder contractility in 16, gallbladder tenderness in 16, and bile duct dilatation in an additional 28 patients. Thirty-two patients with these US abnormalities experienced colic-like abdominal pain accompanied by increased alkaline phosphatase in 25 cases. During day 30-60, abnormalities regressed completely in 45 patients; 2/6 triclabendazole failures were evident by detection of living parasites. Biliary tract abnormalities are frequently observed by US, but the detection-rate of Fasciola hepatica is disappointingly low despite the parasite's relatively large size. US findings must therefore be interpreted together with other clinical measurements. The visualization of parasites being expelled through the dilated common bile duct allowed the causal interpretation of post-therapeutic abdominal pain and increase of liver enzymes. When triclabendazole is given on suspicion, visualization of worm expulsion and bile duct dilatation by US may be used to confirm diagnosis.
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PMID:Fascioliasis: sonographic abnormalities of the biliary tract and evolution after treatment with triclabendazole. 1058 72

Although gastric ulcers have been identified relatively frequently in racing Thoroughbreds, there have been no large scale studies to determine their effect on health and performance. Two hundred and two Thoroughbred horses in active race training were selected by the attending veterinarians for gastro-endoscopic examination. Images of the stomach mucosa were stored in a digitised format for subsequent evaluation. The number of ulcers and a score of severity were determined. Gastric ulceration of the squamous mucosa was identified in 82% of horses. Seventy-three (39%) horses displayed clinical signs consistent with gastric ulceration. Increasing Furr and Murray Score was associated with poor hair coat (P = 0.03), colic (P = 0.03), and increasing serum creatinine concentration (P = 0.029). There were no associations between haematology and serum biochemistry values (other than serum alkaline phosphatase concentration and serum creatinine concentration) and gastric ulceration. Our study confirmed the relatively high incidence of gastric ulceration in Thoroughbred horses involved in active race training. Gastric ulceration is a potential, but rare, cause of overt colic, but may produce more subtle detrimental effects on a horse's condition. It is concluded that the diagnosis of gastric ulceration should be based on an endoscopic examination of the stomach, although future studies are required to elucidate further the aetiology and clinical significance of gastric ulceration.
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PMID:Cross-sectional study of gastric ulcers of the squamous mucosa in thoroughbred racehorses. 1069 85

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that horses with proximal enteritis (PE) are predisposed to hepatic injury. We also determined whether the presence of liver injury in horses with PE was associated with other clinicopathologic abnormalities or affected outcome. The medical records of all horses admitted for evaluation of colic and gastric reflux between 1984 and 2002 were reviewed. Horses were considered to have PE if the diagnosis was made at surgery or postmortem examination or if they had clinical findings consistent with PE. Horses with a small intestinal strangulating obstruction (SISO) were used as the control group. Historic and clinicopathologic data were collected for each horse. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, parametric and nonparametric analyses, and logistic regression. Horses with PE had significantly higher serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities than horses with SISO (P < .05). Horses with PE were 12.1 times more likely to have high GGT activities than were horses with SISO. Horses with PE had an increased risk of at least 1 hepatic enzyme being increased if a high anion gap or large volume of reflux was present. Our conclusion is that horses with PE are more likely to have hepatic injury than horses with SISO. The mechanism of hepatic injury may involve ascending infection from the common bile duct, absorption of endotoxin or inflammatory mediators from the portal circulation, or hepatic hypoxia resulting from systemic inflammation and endotoxemic shock.
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PMID:A retrospective analysis of hepatic injury in horses with proximal enteritis (1984-2002). 1465 28

A 13-year-old Thoroughbred mare, retired from race, was admitted to Equine Hospital, Korea Racing Association with signs of colic. One and a half months following the previous treatment (second time) and 11 days following her previous discharge (third time), the mare repeatedly exhibited signs of colic and finally along with icteric eyes. Routine medical treatment with intravenous fluids, analgesics resulted in resolution of signs of colic in the first and second admission. The condition of the mare did not improve in the third admission despite over one month supportive treatment and she was subject to euthanasia at the request of the owner on the thirtyeighth day of hospitalization (95 days from her first admission). The clinical signs (fever, icterus, mild intermittent colic) in conjunction with clinical laboratory findings (leukocytosis, elevations of serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase and blood fibrinogen indicative of obstructive biliary disease) in this mare suggested possible chlolelithiasis. However, liver enzymes and bilirubin estimations are often not part of routine screening in emergency colic cases. At necropsy, multiple dark brown choleliths of various sizes obstructing hepatopancreatic ampulla were found in the hepatic duct. The choleliths were found as large as 3-5 cm in diameter, faceted to each other, dark brown in color and showed soap consistency. Histopathologic findings revealed: biliary fibrosis, plugging of the bile canaliculi with bile pigments, cholangiohepatitis and pigmentation of the hepatic lymph node with bile pigment laden macrophages. Although definitive diagnosis of cholelithiasis might be challenging, clinicians should consider this condition in the differential diagnosis of recurrent colic.
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PMID:Cholelithiasis associated with recurrent colic in a Thoroughbred mare. 1502 90

This study was designed to evaluate possible organ and system disorders associated with experimentally induced levamisole poisoning in dogs. For this purpose, twelve clinically healthy dogs of different ages, sexes and breeds were used. They were divided into two equal groups (Group A and Group B) and given levamisole orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight daily for three days. The dogs in Group B were also injected with atropin sulphate (0.04 mg/kg of body weight) subcutaneously (sc) 1 hour after each administration of levamisole. Routine clinical examinations were made and some haematological, biochemical and blood gas parameters were established at various times after administration of levamisole. The dogs in Group A developed severe neurological signs, gastric haemorrhage, bloody vomiting, colic, anaemia and four dogs died. In Group B these signs were mild and only one dog died. Levamisole poisoning was characterised by a significant reduction in the total number of red blood cells (RBCs), concentration of haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), and by anaemia. Peripheral blood pH, actual bicarbonate of plasma (HCO3), actual base excess (BE), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and saturated oxygen (O2SAT) increased in both groups of animals and these dogs developed metabolic alkalosis 48 hours after the first administration of levamisole. The results of the study also show that levamisole poisoning in dogs causes a significant increase in the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and in the concentration of urea in both Group A and Group B. In the study, atropin sulphate reduced the severity of the clinical signs and the number of deaths, but it was not alone sufficient to remedy levamisole poisoning in dogs.
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PMID:The effects of levamisole poisoning on the haematological and biochemical parameters in dogs. 1503 67

The aqueous stem bark and leaf extracts of plant Euphorbia hirta (family-Euphorbiaceae) have potent molluscicidal activity. Sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC50) of aqueous stem bark and leaf extracts of this plant also significantly (P<0.05) alter the levels of total protein, total free amino acid, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and the activity of enzyme protease and acid and alkaline phosphatase in various tissues of the vector snail Lymnaea acuminata in time and dose dependent manner. Euphorbia hirta (family-Euphorbiaceae) commonly known as Dudhi, is a common medicinal plant of India, which is used in variety of diseases i.e. cough, asthma, colic, dysentery, genito urinary diseases.
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PMID:Toxic effect of stem bark and leaf of Euphorbia hirta plant against freshwater vector snail Lymnaea acuminata. 1572 98

Equine neutrophil elastase (NE) is a protease released in inflammatory diseases and participating in tissue destruction. To measure NE in horse plasma to assess its role in pathological conditions, we purified elastase from equine neutrophils by a double step chromatography and obtained a pure protein of 27 kDa, 4 kDa smaller than the NE 2A previously purified (Scudamore et al., 1993; Dagleish et al., 1999), which was likely to be NE 2B. We developed an ELISA by using two specific polyclonal antibodies obtained from rabbit and guinea pig. The sandwich complex was detected using a secondary antibody conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. The ELISA showed good precision and accuracy, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation below 10% for equine NE concentrations ranging from 1.875 to 60 ng/ml. A stable plasma NE value, unaffected by the delay of centrifugation (over 4h), was obtained with plasma from EDTA anticoagulated blood. The mean value (+/-SEM) measured in 37 healthy horses was 32.53+/-4.6 ng/ml. NE level in plasma of horses with colic at the time of admission was significantly higher than in healthy horses. Our results indicate that the ELISA technique we developed to measure plasmatic NE is a powerful tool for studying the role of elastase in equine inflammatory disease. In future, the application will be extended to other equine biological fluids.
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PMID:Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for equine neutrophil elastase measurement in blood: preliminary application to colic cases. 1993 12


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