Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper deals with the conversion of the hepatotoxicity of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB), the nephrotoxicity of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) and the respiratory effects of these two toxicants into quantal data. It aims to provide some useful information on the best strategy used for safety evaluation. A reflex bradypnea indicative of irritation of the nasal cavities of mice occurred during a 15-min oronasal exposure to each chemical. A reduction in the development of staining for liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G6-phosphatase) and an increase in the number of damaged tubules in cryostat kidney sections stained for alkaline phosphatase were the measure of toxicity in mice subjected to a whole-body 4-h exposure to DCB and HCBD vapours, respectively. The immediate irritant responses, as well as the delayed liver and kidney responses, were measured at the peak of the chemical's action. These maximum responses were then used to establish the relationships of exposure level effects and also the median active levels of exposure (MALs). The DCB and HCBD MALs responsible for a 50% decrease in the respiratory rate of mice (RD50) were 181 and 211 ppm, respectively. The MAL required for eliciting a 50% decrease in G6-phosphatase staining intensity in DCB-exposed mice was 598 ppm and that associated with 50% of damaged tubules in HCBD-exposed mice was 7.2 ppm. On the basis of these quantitative data, potency ratios indicated that irritation and kidney injury are the primary manifestations of toxicity associated with short-term exposure to DCB and HCBD, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Assessment of the relative hazard involved with airborne irritants with additional hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic properties in mice. 285 85

This prospective study aimed to compare the intraosseous (IO) and intravenous (IV) effects of propofol on selected blood parameters and physiological variables during general anesthesia in rabbits. Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were studied. Six rabbits received IV propofol (group 1) and another 6 rabbits, were injected propofol intraosseously (Group 2) for 30 minutes (experimental groups). Rabbits of the third and fourth groups received IV and IO normal saline at the same volume given to the experimental groups, respectively. In the fifth group IO cannulation was performed but neither propofol nor normal saline were administered. Blood profiles were assayed before induction and after recovery of anesthesia. Heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, saturation of peripheral oxygen and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded. Heart rate increased significantly 1 to 5 minutes after induction of anesthesia in experimental groups (P < 0.05). Although mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly from baseline, values remained above 60 mm Hg (P < 0.05). Respiratory rate decreased significantly in experimental groups, but remained higher in group 2 (P < 0.05). The lymphocyte count decreased significantly in group 1 (P < 0.05). The concentration of alkaline phosphatase in all rabbits, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase in the first group and gamma-glutamyl transferase in the third group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Total bilirubin decreased significantly in group 2 (P < 0.05). All measured values remained within normal limits. Based on the least significant physiological, hematological and biochemical effects, the IO injection of propofol appears to be safe and suitable method of anesthesia in rabbits with limited vascular access.
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PMID:Evaluation of clinical and paraclinical effects of intraosseous vs intravenous administration of propofol on general anesthesia in rabbits. 2565 55