Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The importance of cigarette smoking in relation to bone mass remains uncertain, especially in younger women. In a recent meta-analysis including 10 studies in premenopausal women no effect was seen in this age group. We used baseline data from a large national cohort study (Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study [DOPS]) to study the cumulated effect of pre- and perimenopausal smoking on bone mineral density (BMD) measured shortly after the cessation of cyclic bleedings. Baseline observations on 2015 recently menopausal women were available. Eight hundred thirty-two women were current smokers and 285 were exsmokers. Significant negative associations of cigarette smoking coded as current, ex-, or never smoking were seen on bone mass in the lumbar spine (P = 0.012), femoral neck (P<0.001), and total body (P<0.001). Quantitatively, the differences between current smokers and never smokers were limited to 1.6, 2.9, and 1.9%, respectively. A statistical interaction was found between smoking and fat mass, indicating that women in the highest tertile of fat mass were unaffected by cigarette smoking. Serum vitamin D levels and osteocalcin were inversely related to the number of cigarettes smoked per day (r = 0.11 and P<0.001; r = 0.17 and P = 0.04), respectively. Bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and urinary hydroxyproline (U-OHP) were unaffected by current smoking. The average cumulated effect of premenopausal smoking on bone is small but biologically significant. Reduced body mass in smokers explains part of the negative effect on the skeleton and a complex interaction between smoking and fat mass on the skeleton is indicated. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and osteocalcin are lower in smokers, which may effect rate of bone loss.
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PMID:Premenopausal smoking and bone density in 2015 perimenopausal women. 1078 Aug 70

The vitamin D status of 179 Korean women between the ages of 20 and 75 were measured by the use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Related biochemical indices such as iPTH, alkaline, phosphatase, creatinine, albumin, Ca, Mg, and P were also measured. Factors such as demographic characteristics, intake of foods containing vitamin D, and proxy measure of sunlight exposure (time spent outdoors) were assessed to determine their effect on vitamin D status and used in the analysis. The purpose of this study was twofold. The first was to define reference data for the distribution of vitamin D status and to explore the relationship between vitamin D and the variables that affect the vitamin D status in Korean women. The second was to analyze the risk factors of the vitamin D status and the relation between the factors. The results of this study will provide valuable information regarding the role of vitamin D in Korean women. The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level was 25.8 ng/ml. Of the total subjects, 16.5% showed vitamin D deficiency (i.e. s-25-OHD < 10 ng/ml). Serum 25-OHD was inversely related to iPTH and alkaline phosphatase. There were significant changes in serum 25-OHD level from the pre- to the post-menopausal women with a positive correlation between vitamin D intake and serum at the 25-OHD level. Significant seasonal variation of serum 25-OHD and PTH were noted in 26 of the subjects and the serum 25-OHD level also correlated with sunlight exposure especially at 12.00 p.m. to 2.00 p.m. as assessed by the time spent outdoors. The relative importance of the two sources of vitamin D such as dietary intake (33.6% explained) and endogenous production of the time spent outdoors (19.7% explained) in serum 25-OHD were also evaluated. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the effects of aging on serum 25-OHD could largely be accounted for. Both the decline in dietary vitamin D intake and the time spent outdoors were closely related to the decreasing serum 25-OHD level. Among the determinants of low serum 25-OHD were age, dietary vitamin D intake, serum calcium level and dietary calcium intake, and serum alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Time spent outdoors and seasonal variation in serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Korean women. 1127 47

The aim of the study is to compare vitamin D status and bone mineral density (BMD) in veiled and unveiled healthy Turkish women of reproductive age. Thirty young to middle-aged volunteer veiled women and 30 age-matched control subjects with western clothing habits were enrolled in the study. The two groups had similar dietary habits, body mass index (BMI) distribution, and gestational history. Physical and laboratory examinations were performed to rule out any disease that could affect bone metabolism. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels were measured, and BMD of the spine and hip were investigated by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The mean age of dressing the veil was 15.7 +/- 6.13 years, and 66.7% of the veiled women claimed that they were not ever exposed to direct sunlight, as they were leading an indoor life. Compared with the control group, veiled women were less educated and physically less active (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). 25-OHD levels were positively correlated with exposure to sunlight and negatively correlated with the duration of being veiled. None of the veiled women had vitamin D insufficiency, but their mean 25-OHD concentration (33.1 +/- 16 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that of controls (53.9 +/- 27.3 ng/ml) (p < or = 0.001), and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were higher (p < 0.01). Differences in the absolute BMD values at the spine and hip were not statistically significant, but the mean Z value at the lumbar spine was significantly lower in the veiled subjects (p < 0.05). Veiled women have low 25-OHD status, and vitamin D supplementation should strictly be advised to these women for the prevention of osteomalacia and osteoporosis.
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PMID:Vitamin D status and bone mineral density of veiled and unveiled Turkish women. 1170 89

We studied the influence of age, gender, latitude, season, diet and ethnicity on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25 OHD, PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D-binding protein, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin levels in 46 Greenlanders living in Nuuk (64 degrees N) on a traditional fare (group A), 45 Greenlanders living in Nuuk on a westernized fare (group B), 54 Greenlanders (group C), and 43 Danes (Group D) living in Denmark (55 degrees N) on a westernized fare. Blood specimens were drawn both summer and winter. Vitamin D insufficiency (plasma 25 OHD <40 nmol/l) was common in all four study groups during summer (23-74%) and winter (42-81%). Compared to groups A and D, vitamin D insufficiency was significantly more frequent in groups B and C. In all groups, summer levels of 25 OHD were above winter levels. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant effect of ethnicity. Compared to Danes, Greenlanders had higher 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels, but lower 25 OHD and PTH levels despite relatively low plasma calcium concentrations. In addition to ethnicity, 25(OH)D levels were influenced by age, season (summer > winter), and diet (a traditional Inuit diet>westernized diet). Ethnic differences exist between Greenlanders and Danes. Our results suggest that Greenlanders may have an inherent lower "set-point" for calcium-regulated PTH release or an enhanced renal 1,25(OH)(2)D production. In addition to ethnicity, age, season, and diet were important determinants of vitamin D status. Changes from a traditional to a westernized fare are associated with a reduced vitamin D status in Greenlanders. Vitamin D supplementation should be considered.
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PMID:Vitamin D insufficiency in Greenlanders on a westernized fare: ethnic differences in calcitropic hormones between Greenlanders and Danes. 1470 40

A clear relationship between vitamin D status and the clinical indices of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) severity has not been convincingly established. We proposed that such a relationship might exist, in so far as vitamin D deficiency could contribute to the severity of metabolic bone disease and promote the growth of the parathyroid tumor. Accordingly, we undertook a retrospective study and analyzed the clinical, biochemical, radiological and histopathological findings in a group of 49 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy at our center. Patients who had skeletal X-rays were grouped, according to their X-ray findings, in group A (19 patients; 45%) if they had severe bone changes, or group B (23 patients; 55%) if they had mild or no bone changes. Patients were also stratified according to their 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels in tertiles. The 2 groups were compared using Fisher's exact test or analysis of variance as appropriate. Group A patients were younger (p=0.001), had more musculoskeletal symptoms (p=0.0003), and complained more frequently of fatigue (p=0.02). They had higher alkaline phosphatase (AP; p=0.0002), PTH index (p=0.0007), and serum Ca level (p=0.006). There were more patients from the lower and middle vitamin D tertiles and fewer patients from the upper vitamin D tertile in group A (p=0.02). Post-operative severe hypo-calcemia was more prevalent in group A patients (p<0.0001). Resected parathyroid tumors were larger in size in group A patients (p=0.01), and weighed more (p=0.01). There was a positive correlation between the weight of the parathyroid tumor and the PTH index (p=0.002), and AP level (p=0.0007). We concluded that vitamin D deficiency is a contributing factor to both the severity of bone disease and the high activity of parathyroid tumors seen in many patients with pHPT in vitamin D deficient regions.
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PMID:The effect of vitamin D status on the severity of bone disease and on the other features of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) in a vitamin D deficient region. 1564 43

Hypovitaminosis D is increasing worldwide and is associated with low bone mass. The effects of hypovitaminosis D on bone might be direct or mediated through decreased muscle mass and function and/or secondary hyperparathyroidism. This study systematically investigated the relative contribution of lean mass, PTH, and the direct effect of vitamin D as predictors of vitamin D mediated osteopathy in elderly individuals. 460 ambulatory subjects aged 65-85 years had their bone mass and lean body mass measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) were also measured. Serum 25 OHD correlated with lean body mass in men, r = 0.24, P = 0.002, but not in women; and with bone mass at all skeletal sites in men, r = 0.20-0.30, P < 0.02. Correlations were also noted at all skeletal sites in women except for the spine, r = 0.13-0.18, P < 0.04. In both genders, BMD at sites enriched in cortical bone was 0.4-0.7 SD lower in the group with the lowest vitamin D tertile than that in the group in the highest tertile. After controlling for PTH, the magnitude of the correlations between BMD and 25 OHD remained significant in both genders. After controlling for lean body mass, the magnitude of these correlations did not change in women and decreased but remained significant in men. After adjustment for age and height, both lean body mass and PTH had significant independent contributions to BMD variance at all skeletal sites. After adjustment for age, height, lean mass, and PTH, 25 OHD did not have any significant residual contribution to BMD variance except at the trochanter in men. This study demonstrates that vitamin D osteopathy in the elderly is in large part mediated through lean mass in men and through PTH levels in both genders, with a greater contribution of PTH in women than in men. There was little demonstrable independent relation between serum 25 OHD and bone mass.
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PMID:Hypovitaminosis D osteopathy: is it mediated through PTH, lean mass, or is it a direct effect? 1649 64

The present cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the vitamin D status in three groups of women in Bangladesh by using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25-OHD), alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP), calcium (S-Ca) and phosphate (S-P). Sampling was undertaken at three locations in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Representative subjects of three groups of women aged 18-60 years were studied. Study subjects included nonveiled young women = group A (N = 36, mean+/- SD age 22.3 +/- 1.9 years), veiled women =group B (N = 30, mean+/- SD age 47.7+/- 9.4 years) and nonveiled diabetic women = group C (N = 55, mean +/- SD age 50.2 +/- 5.9 years). The mean value of S-25-OHD was not significantly different in the groups. The distribution of S-25-OHD concentration in all groups was shifted overall toward the lower limit of the normal range. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-OHD level <25 nmol/l) was detected in 39% of young women (university students), 30% in veiled women and 38% in diabetic women, respectively. Vitamin D insufficiency defined as serum 25-OHD concentration <40 nmol/l was detected in 78% of group A, 83% in group B and 76% in group C, respectively. As indicated, prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was a bit higher in group B compared with the other groups studied although it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In the present study, there were several independent predictors of serum 25-OHD, i.e. both increasing parity (r = 0.286; P < 0.005) and increasing time spent outdoors (r = 0.515; P < 0.001) were associated with significant increase in serum 25-OHD. A strongly significant inverse correlation between serum ALP and 25-OHD (r = -0.303;P<0.001) was observed. The results showed that women in Bangladesh, regardless of different age-groups, lifestyle and clothing, were at risk of developing hypovitaminosis D. The results emphasize the appropriate health message for vitamin D needs in Bangladeshi women, since vitamin D insufficiency significantly affects bone integrity.
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PMID:Hypovitaminosis D is common in both veiled and nonveiled Bangladeshi women. 1650 Aug 82

Chronic low back pain (LBP) is an extremely common problem in practice, where it is often labeled idiopathic. No sufficient studies have been conducted to analyze the contribution of hypovitaminosis D to the etiology of chronic LBP in populations wherein vitamin D deficiency is endemic. The present study was, therefore, carried out to examine hypovitaminosis D and its determinants in female patients with chronic LBP during the childbearing period. Sixty female patients complaining of LBP lasting more than 3 months were clinically studied rheumatologically and neurologically. Questionnaires and indices quantifying risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency were utilized. Biochemical assays of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathormone (PTH), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) were performed and compared to those of 20 matched healthy controls. The determinants of vitamin D levels in patients were examined by stepwise regression. Patients with LBP had significantly lower 25 OHD levels (p < 0.05) and significantly higher PTH (p < 0.05) and ALP (p < 0.001) than controls, although there were no significant group differences in calcium and phosphorus. Hypovitaminosis D (25 OHD < 40 ng/ml) was found in 49/60 patients (81%) and 12/20 (60%) of controls, with an odds ratio of 2.97. Although many risk factors related to sun exposure, clothing, diet, and pregnancy were significantly correlated with vitamin D levels in patients, only limited duration of sun exposure, contributing 55% to the variance of 25 OHD, limited areas of skin exposed (13%), and increased number of pregnancies (2%), were significant determinants of vitamin D levels in patients. Despite the sunny climate, hypovitaminosis D is prevalent among Egyptian women in the childbearing period, especially those presenting with chronic LBP, where it is associated with hyperphosphatasia and hyperparathyroidism, without alterations in serum calcium. The major determinant of hypovitaminosis D in our patients is limited sun exposure.
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PMID:Hypovitaminosis D in female patients with chronic low back pain. 1737 37

Reports of decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and altered bone metabolism associated with antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment are inconsistent and predominantly restricted to adults. In this cross-sectional observational study, the aim was to evaluate the influence of AED treatment on vitamin D status and markers of bone turnover in children with epilepsy. In 38 children taking AEDs and 44 healthy control subjects, blood samples were collected to determine the levels of serum 25-OHD, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC) and C terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP). More than 75% of the patients were vitamin D deficient (serum 25-OHD<20 ng/mL) and 21% of the patients had an insufficient vitamin D status (serum 25-OHD=20-30 ng/mL). In the patients, the serum levels of OC (p = 0.002) and BAP (p < 0.001) were significantly increased, but ICTP (p = 0.002) concentrations were significantly decreased compared with the control group. When patients where divided into two groups according to their medication (mono- or polytherapy), significantly lower 25-OHD (p = 0.038) and ICTP (p = 0.005) levels and elevated BAP (p = 0.023) concentrations were found in patients under polytherapy. An association between 25-OHD and the measured bone markers could not be determined. Our results indicate that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in epilepsy patients under AED treatment is high, especially under polytherapy, and alteration markers of bone formation and resorption suggests an accelerated skeletal turnover. The routine monitoring of serum 25-OHD and vitamin D supplementation on an individual basis should be considered.
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PMID:Effects of antiepileptic drug therapy on vitamin D status and biochemical markers of bone turnover in children with epilepsy. 1827 Jul 36

Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and skeletal growth. Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) is a prevalent health problem in children. A study was performed to determine the prevalence of VDI in healthy children living in Tehran, Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 963 students (424 boys and 539 girls) aged 7-18 years were selected by random sampling. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), calcium, alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus were measured. VDI was defined as serum 25-OHD <20 ng/ml. Prevalence of VDI was 53.6% in girls and 11.3% in boys. VDI in female students was about five times more common than males (p < 0.000001). VDI in children and adolescent girls is a health problem not only for these age-groups but also for the next generation to come. Encouraging girls to have more sun exposure, fortification of foods and prescription of supplemental vitamin D are recommended.
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PMID:Vitamin D insufficiency among children and adolescents living in Tehran, Iran. 1877 44


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