Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-seven unselected patients were investigated three to eight years after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. The serum levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, and the renal excretions of calcium and magnesium were reduced. The serum alkaline phosphatase levels were increased. The serum levels of the two vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1.25-(OHD)2D) were reduced and inversely related to the increased serum levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormones (iPTH). Serum 1.25-(OH)2D correlated positively and serum iPTH inversely with serum concentrations and renal excretion rates of calcium. Iliac crest bone biopsies after in vivo tetracycline double-labelling showed a reduced bone turnover with an increased amount of osteoid due to an increase in both surface extent and mean width of osteoid seams. The increased volume of osteoid was caused by a decreased osteoblastic function with a longer life-span of bone-forming sites and a prolongation of the mineralisation lag time. The amount of trabecular bone was normal. The results indicate an impaired vitamin D metabolism with osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
 ...
PMID:Low serum levels of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D and histomorphometric evidence of osteomalacia after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. 742 27

Vitamin D nutrition in pregnancy was investigated in 115 Asian women living in London, and in 50 of their newborn infants. Mean serum 25-hydroxy cholecalciferal (25-OHD) concentration at the beginning of the last trimester was 20.2 nmol/l, and fell to 16.0 nmol/1 post partum. Thirty-six per cent of the women post partum and 32 per cent of the infants had undetectable 25-OHD concentrations (less than 3 nmol/l). Such low values are commonly associated with osteomalacia and rickets. The bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 20 per cent of the women post partum, and in 50 per cent of the infants, indicating the presence of sub-clinical bone disease. Five infants had symptomatic hypocalcaemia. Vitamin D deficiency was most likely to occur in Pakistanis, Hindu Indians and East African Asians, and in vegetarians. All British Asians should receive supplementary Vitamin D during pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Observations on the vitamin D state of pregnant Asian women in London. 745 87

Vitamin D-deficiency has been observed among immigrant children with rickets and osteomalacia in Western Europe. So vitamin D-status in 34 children and juveniles (17 girls, 17 boys) of African and Asian diplomats staying in West Germany only for a certain time is examined. During summer 1989 plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is measured. According to their native country the subjects are divided into three groups: I North Africa (n = 7), II Central Africa (n = 18), III Asia (n = 9). No clinical signs of rickets or osteomalacia are detected. All plasma levels of calcium and phosphate are in the normal range so as most of the values of the alkaline phosphatase. In Group I 85.7% (n = 6), group II 77.8% (n = 14) and group III 44.4% (n = 4) have decreased values of 25-OHD whereas most strikingly elevated amounts of 1,25-OH2D are measured in 57.1% (n = 4) of the subjects in group I, 66.7% (n = 12) in group II and 11.1% (n = 1) in group III. Normal values for both 25-OHD and 1,25-OH2D are rare: one case (11.1%) in group I, no case in group II, four cases (44.4%) in group III. The influence of the time staying in West Germany on vitamin D-status, a possible dietary lack due to inadequate nutrition, the role of skin pigmentation and a potential genetic abnormality of vitamin D-metabolism is discussed to explain the results.
 ...
PMID:[Vitamin D status of children and adolescents of African and Asian diplomats in Germany]. 830 4

Significant osteoporosis determined by skeleton radiography and bone densitometry was found in 15 patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) whose mean age was 31 +/- 11 years. In three CTX patients, bone biopsies confirmed osteoporosis. Nine patients also sustained bone fractures following minimal trauma. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ([25-OHD] 14.6 +/- 6.6 ng/mL v [normal] 30.4 +/- 8.0 ng/mL; P < .001) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ([24,25(OH)2D] 1.2 +/- 0.4 ng/mL v [normal] 2.7 +/- 0.8 ng/mL; P < .001) levels were low. Serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin were normal. Patients showed classic manifestations of CTX, including dementia, pyramidal and cerebellar insufficiency, peripheral neuropathy, cataracts, and tendon xanthomas associated with elevated serum cholestanol concentrations. These results demonstrate that extensive osteoporosis and increased risk of bone fractures are components of this inherited disease.
 ...
PMID:Osteoporosis and increased bone fractures in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. 823 48

This study was performed to survey the vitamin D nutritional status of urban Chinese women, and to define its role in determining bone metabolic rate and bone mineral density (BMD). We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), the major storage form of vitamin D, and BMD, at the spine, hip, and total body skeleton, of 262 healthy Chinese women aged from 40 to 72 years, residing in Taipei city. Bone turnover markers, including serum osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase isozyme, and C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and a urinary bone resorption marker, N-terminal crosslinked fragment of type I collagen, were also measured. We found generally adequate vitamin D nutritional stores. The mean concentration of serum 25-OHD was 30.7 (SD = 8.2) ng/mL for all 262 subjects and there were no significant age-related changes. Those who had serum sampled during the summer showed higher serum 25-OHD levels (N = 138; mean +/- SD: 32.7 +/- 7.6 ng/mL) than those who had serum sampled during winter (N = 124; mean +/- SD: 28.5 +/- 8.3 ng/mL; Student's t-test, p < 0.001), but these two groups showed similar BMD and bone marker values. Those with serum 25-OHD concentration in the lowest or highest tertile did not show different BMD or bone marker values than those in the other tertiles. Multiple regression demonstrated no correlation between 25-OHD and any bone marker or BMD at any site. Thus, in this free-living urban Chinese population, in a subtropical region, we could not demonstrate a role of vitamin D stores in determining bone turnover rate or BMD in women aged 40-70 years.
 ...
PMID:Vitamin D stores of urban women in Taipei: effect on bone density and bone turnover, and seasonal variation. 910 58

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) is frequently associated with osteoporosis. In order to determine if JRA osteoporosis is related to reduced formation or to increased bone resorption or both, serum levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (PO4), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathormone (PTHi), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D), osteocalcin (OT), carboxyterminal propeptide (P-coll-1-c), and carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) were evaluated in 47 JRA children, 33 with active disease and 14 in remission. The therapy consisted of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory (NSAIDs) drugs in pauciarticular subset, NSAIDs and Methotrexate (MTX) in polyarticular, NSAIDs and steroids in systemic onset. OT reflects bone formation, P-coll-1-c reflects collagen production and bone formation, ICTP, marker of collagen degradation in bone, indicates bone destruction. Serum levels of Ca, PO4, Mg, ALP, PTHi 25-OHD and 1,25-(OH)2D were comparable in JRA children and in controls. OT (8.7 +/- 3.7 ng/ml vs 9.6 +/- 5.1), P-coll-1-c (301.2 +/- 118.4 ng/ml vs 264.1 +/- 100.1) and ICTP (15.7 +/- 5.7 ng/ml vs 16.1 +/- 6.1) did not differ statistically in the whole group of JRA children vs controls. OT (8.0 +/- 3.5 vs 10.4 +/- 3.8) and ICTP (14.4 +/- 5.4 vs 18.8 +/- 5.4) were significantly lower in active than inactive group. In polyarticular and systemic onset OT and ICTP were significantly lower than in pauciarticular. No difference was found in active patients treated with steroids vs active patients treated with NSAIDS and NSAIDs plus MTX. The lower serum levels of OT and ICTP in active disease support the hypothesis that both bone formation and resorption are reduced in JRA bone turnover.
 ...
PMID:Bone turnover is reduced in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 963 20

Maternal vitamin D deficiency can aggravate development of neonatal hypocalcemia and impair fetal bone growth. Despite abundant sunshine exposure, Arab women have low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD). A study conducted in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE), compared the vitamin D status of 33 UAE nationals, 25 non-Gulf Arabs (Jordanians, Egyptians, Palestinians, and Lebanese), and 17 Europeans. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and intact parathyroid hormone were not significantly different in these three groups. However, mean serum 25-OHD concentrations were significantly lower among UAE nationals (8.6 ng/ml) and other non-Gulf Arabs (12.6 ng/ml) than in Europeans (64.3 ng/ml) (p 0.0001). The rate of vitamin D insufficiency (5 ng/ml) was 24% among UAE nationals and 12% among non-Gulf Arabs; there were no such cases among Europeans. The ultraviolet ray (UV) exposure score, which weighted sunshine exposure against the magnitude of body coverage with clothing, was significantly higher in European women than in the two Arab groups. There was a positive correlation between total UV exposure score and serum 25-OHD level (r = 0.59425). About 35% of the variation in serum 25-OHD could be explained by the cutaneous skin exposure score. The limited exposure of Arab women's skin to sunlight as a result of their traditional, extensive clothing appears to play an important role in the high frequency of low vitamin D status in this population. Vitamin D supplementation should be considered.
 ...
PMID:Biosocial factors affecting vitamin D status of women of childbearing age in the United Arab Emirates. 981 52

The long-term effects of high bone resorption on blood ionized calcium and calciotropic hormone levels following oophorectomy in 6-month-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were investigated. Fasting urine and blood samples were collected from 16 sham and 16 oophorectomized (oophx) rats preoperatively and up to 130 days postoperatively. From 50 days postoperation, daily injections of 17-beta estradiol (E2) (20 microg/kg body weight) were administered subcutaneously to eight of the oophx rats. Urine hydroxyproline excretion (OHPrE) and serum osteocalcin were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) as a result of oophorectomy and normalized within 6 days of E2 replacement. Urine deoxypyridinoline and total serum alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) following oophorectomy and suppressed to control levels after 37 days of E2 replacement. Blood ionized calcium was significantly reduced in oophx rats (P < 0.001) compared with sham rats and was normalized by E2 replacement at 55 days posttreatment. Serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OHD)2D3) was significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in oophx rats and again was normalized by E2 at 55 days posttreatment. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was unaffected by oophorectomy. These data indicate that despite increased bone resorption following oophorectomy, blood ionized calcium levels are decreased. The increased bone turnover in oophx rats was rapidly suppressed by E2 replacement before ionized calcium levels were normalized, suggesting a direct effect of estrogen on the modulation of bone cell activity. The depression of blood ionized calcium levels following oophorectomy, which is not mediated by calciotropic hormones, suggests an effect of estrogen on intestinal calcium absorption, renal handling of calcium, or a combination of both.
 ...
PMID:Ionized calcium and bone turnover in the estrogen-deficient rat. 1036 38

To determine whether environmental factors influence racial differences in calcium metabolism, the authors evaluated the influence of three factors (season, length of sunlight exposure, and diet) on calciotropic hormones, renal calcium excretion, and markers of bone turnover in an ambulatory population aged 25-36 years. Included were 109 black men, 114 white men, 95 black women, and 84 white women. Compared with white subjects, black subjects of both genders showed lower levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and higher levels of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D]. The mean winter levels of 25-OHD were 19 to 29% lower than the summer levels in all groups. The urinary calcium excretion was 26% lower in black men than in white men and was 36% lower in black women than in white women. The parathyroid hormone levels were 29% higher in black women than in white women, but no statistically significant racial differences in parathyroid hormone levels were seen in men. Bone turnover markers (serum osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, urinary pyridinoline cross-link excretion) did not show consistent racial differences. Racial and gender differences in calcium excretion did not significantly correlate with differences in lifestyle or with levels of the calciotropic hormones. Environmental factors such as diet and sunlight exposure do not appear to influence racial differences in the levels of the calciotropic hormones or renal calcium excretion.
 ...
PMID:Differences in calcium metabolism between black and white men and women. 1043 3

Nutritional rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency due to lack of exposure to sunlight. Neonatal rickets occurs only in infants born to mothers with very severe osteomalacia. Calcium deficiency alone does not cause mineralisation defects. It only causes osteoporosis and secondary hyperparathyroidism with raised plasma, 1,25 (OH)2D and osteocalcin. Low 25-OHD, increased IPTH, increased alkaline phosphatase in plasma and decreased calcium and increased hydroxyproline in urine are diagnostic of rickets. Low or undetectable plasma levels of 25-OHD, in presence of high plasma 1,25(OH)2D and IPTH are often observed during treatment with vitamin D. Even the marginal intakes of fluoride (> 2.5 mg/day) cause rickets in calcium deficient children. Indian children often need high dose of vitamin D due to severely depleted D stores, high IPTH and severe bone disease (radiologic and histomorphometric) for treatment.
 ...
PMID:Nutritional and metabolic rickets. 1077 31


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>