Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of 1-alpha-OHD3 on the rate of decline of renal function was studied in 18 patients with predialytic chronic renal failure. 9 patients with serum creatinine 4.19 +/- 1.63 mg/dl, were treated with 1-alpha-OHD3 0.4 +/- 0.11 micrograms/day and a low phosphate diet and 9 patients, with serum creatinine 3.69 +/- 1.24 mg/dl, received the low phosphate diet alone. In the first group retrospectively in 8 patients up to 3-44 months and prospectively in all patients reciprocal values of serum creatinine levels fell linearly with time. Comparison of the slopes of the regression lines before and following the start of treatment did not show statistical differences in 6 cases, in 1 case the decline of renal function improved significantly and in 1 case it became positive. Serum calcium increased significantly (p less than 0.025), alkaline phosphatase decreased (p less than 0.005) and serum iPTH decreased in 6 of 8 cases. In the low phosphate diet group, serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase did not change while iPTH increased in 8 of 9 cases. The rate of decline of renal function before treatment in 3 cases did not improve after the institution of the diet. In conclusion improvement or prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism in predialytic chronic renal failure can be achieved with daily doses of less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms 1-alpha OHD and a low phosphate diet. The small increment in serum calcium levels induced by the treatment did not accelerate the deterioration of renal function while showing a better control of alkaline phosphatase and serum iPTH than the low phosphate diet alone.
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PMID:1-alpha-OH-cholecalciferol (1-alpha-OHD3) and low phosphate diet in predialysis chronic renal failure: effects on renal function and on secondary hyperparathyroidism. 649 55

The effect of prolonged breast-feeding on the serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase was studied longitudinally in 7 infants from Northern Norway. They were exclusively breast-fed for a median of 7 1/2 months. Three of the mothers were supplemented with vitamin D throughout lactation. All but one of the infants had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels in the rachitic range (less than 20 nmol/l) on at least one occasion. Vitamin D supplementation of the mother had no apparent effect on the infants' 25-OHD levels, but the values increased during summer. The infant who had the lowest 25-OHD levels also had decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) concentrations, while the others maintained 1,25-(OH)2D levels within normal limits. 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations were undetectable when the 25-OHD levels were below 35 nmol/l, but the two metabolites were closely correlated for higher values of 25-OHD. Low 25-OHD levels were associated with decreased phosphate concentrations at 6 months. The calcium levels were normal throughout the study period of one year, as were all but two of the alkaline phosphatase values. Although none of the infants had clinical or biochemical evidence of rickets, the results suggest that the vitamin D supply from human milk is inadequate, and that routine vitamin D supplementation is advisable for breast-fed infants who are deprived of sunlight exposure.
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PMID:Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in exclusively breast-fed infants at 70 degrees north. 654 35

The serum concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2D), and vitamin D binding protein, calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were determined in 19 grand multiparous Libyan women at delivery, and in the umbilical cord blood of 14 of their babies. The results were compared with similarly collected data from 22 vitamin D-supplemented Norwegian mother-infant pairs. The median 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations were significantly lower for the Libyan group (maternal 25-OHD: 34 vs 112 nmol/l; cord 25-OHD: 20 vs 76 nmol/l; maternal 24,25-(OH)2D: 0.6 vs 4.1 nmol/l; cord 24,25-(OH)2D: 0.4 vs 2.7 nmol/l, P less than 0.001 for all differences). In both groups the 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D levels in maternal as well as in cord blood were closely associated (P less than 0.001). The median 1,25-(OH)2D level was similar for the two maternal groups (198 vs 194 pmol/l), but slightly lower for the Libyan than for the Norwegian cord samples (80 vs 93 pmol/l, P = 0.04). A calculated free 1,25-(OH)2D concentration (not bound to vitamin D binding protein) did not differ between the two maternal or cord groups. Calcium and phosphate concentrations were similar for the respective maternal and cord samples, while the median alkaline phosphatase level of cord blood was slightly higher for the Libyan group (P = 0.04). The results suggest that calcium and phosphate homoeostasis of pregnant women and their fetuses can be maintained despite wide variations in vitamin D supply and numerous repeated pregnancies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in maternal and umbilical cord blood of Libyan and Norwegian women. 660 43

Fifteen children undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for 0.3 to 2.4 years were evaluated longitudinally for renal osteodystrophy. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, 25-OHD, total and ionized calcium, inorganic phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels were measured regularly. Skeletal radiographic studies were performed at the onset and conclusion of CAPD and at six-month intervals during therapy. All children received 1,25(OH)2D3 and aluminum hydroxide, and nine received supplemental calcium. Plasma 25-OHD concentrations were normal to elevated, and calcium increased steadily to high normal levels despite a trend to persistent hyperphosphatemia. The increased calcium levels suppressed parathyroid hormone overactivity in only one patient. At the onset of CAPD, nine patients had hyperparathyroid bone disease seen radiographically, three of whom also had rachitic lesions. At the end of CAPD, the hyperparathyroid lesions had improved in four patients, completely resolved in three, and deteriorated in two. Rachitic lesions had completely healed in two patients and improved in the third. However, among the six children without radiographically evident lesions at onset of CAPD, hyperparathyroid bone lesions developed in two and rachitic lesions in two others during CAPD. Although CAPD and appropriate therapy benefited most patients with renal osteodystrophy, the benefits were not uniform, and bone lesions deteriorated in some.
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PMID:Renal osteodystrophy in children undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 663 99

Thirty-one adult epileptic outpatients on chronic combined anticonvulsant therapy were investigated. Eleven patients took vitamin D2 supplementation 400-1200 IU/day as multivitamin tablets. Mean serum calcium and renal calcium excretion were reduced. Serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion were increased. Forearm bone mineral content was reduced. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 24-25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) were reduced (p less than 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the serum 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations (p less than 0.05) with the highest levels in those receiving vitamin D2 supplementation (p less than 0.01). Serum 1,25-(OH)2D correlated positively with renal calcium excretion (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001) suggesting that the intestinal calcium absorption in epileptic patients depends on 1,25-(OH)2D levels.
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PMID:Reduced 2,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in epileptic patients receiving chronic combined anticonvulsant therapy. 697 85

The serum levels of the three major vitamin D metabolites [25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2 D)] and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured in 14 morbid obese patients, who later on were subjected to jejunoileal bypass surgery. The preoperative median values of 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D were reduced compared with controls (P less than 0.001), whereas elevated concentrations were found of 1,25-(OH)2D (P less than 0.005). Median levels of iPTH in the obese group were significantly higher than those found in normal subjects (P less than 0.001). A decrease was observed in serum concentrations of all three vitamin D metabolites following jejunoileal bypass (P less than 0.005). An increase in the serum levels of iPTH and alkaline phosphatase was seen postoperatively (P less than 0.002), probably indicating a secondary hyperparathyroidism. The results show that the vitamin D metabolism is slightly abnormal in severely obese patients. Jejunoileal bypass is followed by severe disturbances of vitamin D metabolism.
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PMID:Vitamin D deficiency in obese patients and changes in circulating vitamin D metabolites following jejunoileal bypass. 698 5

In a double-blind trial of vitamin D supplements in pregnant Asian women calciferol (ergocalciferol, 1000 IU/day) was administered to 59 women and placebo to 67 controls during the last trimester. The two groups had similar distributions of maternal age, height, parity, number of vegetarians, countries of origin, and sex and gestation of the infants. At entry to the trial maternal serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations were low in both treatment and control groups and significantly lower in vegetarians than non-vegetarians. Mothers in the treatment group gained weight faster in the last trimester than those in the control group, and at term they and their infants all had adequate plasma 25-OHD concentrations, Mothers and infants in the control group, however, had low plasma concentrations of 25-OHD and calcium and raised plasma alkaline phosphatase (bone isoenzyme) activity. Five of these infants developed symptomatic hypocalcaemia. Almost twice as many infants in the control group were small for gestational age (29% v 15%), but there were no significant differences between the two groups of infants in antropometric measurements. Infants in the control group, however, had larger fontanelles, suggesting impaired ossification of the skull. Because of the benefits to mothers and infants in the treatment group and the absence of side effects, vitamin D supplements should be given to all pregnant Asian women in the United Kingdom.
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PMID:Vitamin D supplements in pregnant Asian women: effects on calcium status and fetal growth. 698 38

The vitamin D status in a group of healthy free-living elderly people was determined by measuring dietary and supplemental vitamin D intakes and the plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD). Median dietary intake was 88 IU for Vitamin D, with 26% of the population taking a median supplement of 400 IU. Plasma 25-OHD was significantly lower in the elderly (15.5 ng/ml) compared to a younger control (29.1 ng/ml) population. Within the elderly population, the plasma 25-OHD demonstrated a seasonal influence (nadir in January, zenith in September) and was consistently higher for men compared to women. People taking vitamin D supplements had higher plasma 25-OHD concentrations regardless of seasonal influence. Plasma alkaline phosphatase, an index for bone loss, was inversely related to the plasma 25-OHD concentration. Inadequate dietary vitamin D intake and inadequate sunlight exposure appeared to be contributory to the observed low vitamin D status. It is suggested that American elderly consider using a combination of moderate vitamin D supplementation and increased sunlight exposure in order to improve their vitamin D nutriture.
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PMID:Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: vitamin D. 714 41

Levels of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25 OHD) were found to be lower in 58 pregnant Asians when compared with 59 Caucasian controls. Thirty per cent of Asians and none of the controls had levels less that 10 ng/ml. The low plasma was associated with biochemical evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover as assessed by plasma parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline. Vitamin A and its binding protein, and vitamin D binding protein, were also measured in a subgroup of 40 patients. There was no difference between Asians and their controls. The data suggest that vitamin D supplementation would be beneficial in Asian women during pregnancy.
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PMID:Biochemical evidence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant Asian women. 720 62

Two groups of white, primiparous women and their babies were studied: one group in April 1979 and the other in September 1979. They were selected to be as near normal as possible. In each case maternal and cord blood samples were taken at delivery and analysed for serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD), calcium, magnesium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and albumin. Follow-up was by questionnaire at 6 weeks. The study showed a highly significant increase in maternal and cord serum 25-OHD levels in September. The few mothers who had taken vitamin D supplements had significantly higher serum 25-OHD values. Some of the unsupplemented women studied in April had low serum 25-OHD levels suggesting that oral vitamin D supplements should be given to pregnant white women in Britain, at least during the winter.
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PMID:Seasonal changes in perinatal vitamin D metabolism: maternal and cord blood biochemistry in normal pregnancies. 733 42


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