Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human thymuses, ranging in age from newborn to 62 years old, were studied enzyme histochemically. The thymic epithelial cells covering cortical surface and bordering vascular areas in the medulla were positive for 5'-nucleotidase, but not for other enzymes. The thymic epithelial cells composing Hassall's corpuscles were positive for acid phosphatase, esterases, beta-glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase, regardless of age, but totally negative for 5'-nucleotidase and ATPase. All enzymes examined except for beta-glucuronidase were demonstrated in some of the thymic epithelial cells scattered in the medulla, although the pattern of distribution and the degree of positivity were different by enzymes. These findings suggest that the thymic epithelial cells are composed of functionally heterogenous subpopulations. Acid phosphatase was demonstrated in thymocytes in both cortex and medulla, but 5'-nucleotidase and ATPase were observed in some thymocytes in the medulla of young thymus.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical study on human thymus and its age change. 630 84

Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, Mg-activated adenosine triphosphatase and 5'nucleotidase were demonstrated in the rat liver using a cerium-based method. This method can be applied routinely and yields better results than the lead-based method. The tissue was postfixed in osmium tetroxide and potassium ferrocyanide which considerably enhances the membrane contrast in comparison with solely osmium tetroxide postfixation. This facilitates the precise localization of the reaction product.
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PMID:Cytochemical demonstration of phosphatases in the rat liver by a cerium-based method in combination with osmium tetroxide and potassium ferrocyanide postfixation. 630 35

Serological and biochemical studies were done at the National Taiwan University Hospital, on 243 patients with biopsy-proved anaplastic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in various clinical conditions. The remarkable elevation of both IgG and IgA antibody titers against EB virus was specific for NPC patients. The seropositive rates ranged from 75% to 100% in various stages of NPC patients. Serum IgG and IgA levels were also increased moderately and nonspecifically in stages II-IV and recurrent patients. Peripheral white blood cell count was also slightly increased in these patients. Peripheral lymphocyte counts were slightly decreased in patients with neck recurrence or distant metastasis. Serum IgM, C3, C4 and Acid phosphatase levels were within normal range in all the patients. Serum GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were elevated in some of patients with distant metastasis and in most of those with liver metastasis. Mucoprotein was elevated in about 10% of stage II-IV patients but in about 50% of patients with recurrent neck metastasis or distant metastasis. in conclusion, serological and biochemical examinations are important in the diagnosis of late stages and recurrence or metastasis of NPC.
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PMID:[Serological and biochemical studies in late stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. 631 98

Boar sperm plasma membranes were purified by differential and sucrose density equilibrium centrifugation and were found to yield a single band at a density of 1.14 g/cm3. Both alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were enriched in this fraction. The alkaline phosphatase activity was optimal in 100 mM tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamine (Tris)-NaHCO3 at pH 9.9 with 0.05% Triton X-100 and 1 mM MgCl2. This activity was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), cadmium, zinc or heating at 60 degrees C for 30 min. Also, L-homoarginine caused approximately 70% inhibition and L-phenylalanine or L-leucine caused about 10 to 20% inhibition. Acid phosphatase activity was optimal in 100 mM sodium acetate at pH 5.1 with 0.05% Triton. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, potassium fluoride (KF) or sulfhydryl reagents inhibited the activity, while EDTA or heating at 60 degrees C had no effect. These data for enzymes from boar sperm plasma membranes can be used for future work on the quantitation of the enzymes, distinguishing these two phosphatases from other phosphohydrolases, purification of the enzymes and for comparison to phosphatases in other tissues.
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PMID:Some properties of acid and alkaline phosphates from boar sperm plasma membranes. 650 37

Fertile white Leghorn chicken eggs were exposed via intravitelline injections to dosages of 5.0, 10.0, or 20 mg 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) in olive oil prior to incubation. Control embryos received only the olive oil vehicle. Eggs were placed in a forced-draft incubator for either 5 or 12 days. Embryos were removed and their gonadal areas prepared for histological or histochemical evaluation. Histological examination of DDT-exposed 5-day embryos revealed no significant differences in the number of primordial germ cells aggregating in the gonadal area and in the localization of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. Embryos exposed to DDT for 12 days revealed significant alterations in both ovaries and testes. The testes of DDT-exposed embryos consisted of mostly stroma with fewer seminiferous cords than controls while ovaries of exposed embryos contained a larger number of distended medullary cords as well as a difference in the distribution of these cords when compared to controls. There was an increased alkaline phosphatase activity in the stromal cells of female gonads. Increased amounts of alkaline phosphatase activity found in the stroma at 12 days might be due to a DDT-induced stimulation of these cells to differentiate more rapidly. Acid phosphatase activity was found in the secondary sex cords of control 12-day ovaries, but was much reduced or absent in those of pesticide-exposed embryos. These results indicate that a single dosage of DDT administered to a chick embryo prior to incubation does not affect early stages of gonadal development but that effects on both ovaries and testes occur 12 days following exposure.
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PMID:Effects of 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) on gonadal development in the chick embryo: a histological and histochemical study. 651 Mar 85

Ultrastructural and cytochemical features of 100 specimens of human Fallopian tube fimbrial epithelium were studied to determine whether they were dependent on or independent of the ovarian hormones. Characteristics which were independent of hormonal control included the presence of alkaline phosphatase reaction product along the apical cell membrane of the secretory cell and its absence in the ciliary cell. Acid phosphatase reaction product was found in ciliary and secretory cell lysosomes in similar numbers and calcium deposits were observed in ciliary and secretory cell nuclei, nucleoli and cell membranes. On the other hand, characteristics dependent on stages of the cycle included the presence of mitochondrial-bound calcium during the preovulatory phase and its depletion during the periovulatory phase. The same sequence was noticed in the content of the large ciliary cell perinuclear globules, which displayed accumulations of glycogen and lipid in preovulatory phase and their depletion during the periovulatory phase. It seems that during the periovulatory phase the increased metabolic activity of the cells is accompanied by utilization of some of the material stored within the cells.
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PMID:Menstrual-cycle-dependent and -independent features of the human Fallopian tube fimbrial epithelium: an ultrastructural and cytochemical study. 661 81

Chondrocytes obtained from collagenase-digested epiphyseal growth plate cartilage of rachitic rats were grown in multilayer cultures. The cultured chondrocytes produced a metachromatic matrix and further electron microscopic examination revealed typical features of cartilage matrix collagen fibrils and matrix vesicles. The alkaline phosphatase activity in cultures was high during the entire 3-week culture period. Acid phosphatase showed a marked increase in activity during the first week of culture. The appearance of apatite crystals in the synthesized matrix was monitored by electron microscopy over a 3-week period. First crystals were consistently found to be associated with matrix vesicles, and in the older cultures calcification spread into the surrounding matrix. No collagen fibrils associated with mineralization were observed during the early culture period. This study clearly demonstrates that in chondrocyte cultures the first mineral crystals were found within or in close association with matrix vesicles. This gives further support to the hypothesis that matrix vesicles are the primary site of mineralization in cartilage. In addition to calcification studies it is suggested that this model is suitable for studying the effects of hormones or other agents on rachitic chondrocytes in vitro.
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PMID:Calcification of cartilage matrix in chondrocyte cultures derived from rachitic rat growth plate cartilage. 667 42

Acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2, orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase, (acid optimum) from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified from repressed and derepressed cells. Without Triton X-100 in the extraction buffer only the constitutive or repressible active enzyme eluted from a Sepharose CL-6B column, the last step of the purification procedure. When Triton X-100 was included in the extraction buffer, an additional protein peak eluted prior to the active acid phosphatase. The material from this new peak, a glycoprotein, had no acid phosphatase activity but cross-reacted with antibodies raised against repressible acid phosphate. The tryptic fingerprints of the inactive proteins are very similar to the ones of the corresponding active enzymes. We conclude that this new glycoprotein represents an inactive form of repressible and constitutive acid phosphatase. The fact that inactive acid phosphatase can be recovered only in the presence of Triton X-100 indicates that it is membrane-bound.
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PMID:Purification and identification of inactive forms of repressible and constitutive acid phosphatase in yeast. 681 Sep 53

Analysis of urinary hydroxyproline levels offers a marker to monitor osseous involvement in patients with metastatic malignancies. Such a marker is needed in patients with prostatic cancer when bone metastases predominate. Thirty-two men with stage D2 prostatic cancer were monitored by bone scan, acid and alkaline phosphatase values, and urinary hydroxyproline, beginning from 4 to 36 months after initiation of hormonal manipulation and/or systemic chemotherapy. In patients with disease progression determined by bone scan serial urinary hydroxyproline values progressively increased and were significantly elevated compared to urinary values obtained from patients with a stable or improving scan (p less than 0.001). Simultaneous alkaline phosphatase determinations showed less significant differences between patient groups. Acid phosphatase did not reliably indicate osseous response to therapy. These data suggest that urinary hydroxyproline values are predictive as an early objective sign of osseous response in patients receiving therapy for stage D2 prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Serial spot hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios in metastatic prostatic cancer. 683 97

Previous studies have established the presence of polypeptide hormone receptors in Golgi fractions from rodent liver. In this study we attempted to identify peptide hormone receptors in other intracellular elements, particularly lysosomes. Tritosomes were prepared by a standard procedure, and highly purified secondary lysosomes were prepared by fractionating the L fraction of rat liver in a discontinuous metrizamide gradient into subfractions L1 to L4. Binding of 125I-labeled insulin and 125I-labeled somatotropin was studied with membranes prepared from osmotically shocked fractions. The L2 and L3 fractions, virtually devoid of galactosyltransferase (UDP galactose:2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosylglycopeptide galactosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.38) but highly enriched in acid phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum), EC 3.1.3.2], appeared as classical secondary lysosomes by electron microscopy. When compared with Golgi fractions, the level of specific binding per 50 micrograms of protein of 125I-labeled somatotropin in L2 and L3 was 1/3, whereas that of 125I-labeled insulin was comparable. L1, which was reduced in acid phosphatase and increased in galactosyltransferase activities, showed higher hormone binding than did L2 and L3. This was not attributable to Golgi fraction contamination, as evident by specific binding/galactosyltransferase ratios. Binding to tritosome membranes could be largely accounted for by variable contamination with Golgi fractions as judged by specific binding/galactosyltransferase ratios. To clarify the distribution of receptor sites in lysosomal preparations, we fractionated the entire L fraction on a continuous Percoll gradient. Acid phosphatase and galactosyltransferase activities were segregated to the high and low density ranges of the gradient, respectively; however, the fractions enriched in hormone binding were of intermediate density, distinct from Golgi and lysosomal biochemical markers. We conclude that intracellular receptors are found not only in galactosyltransferase-containing very low density lipoprotein-marked Golgi vesicles but also in a unique vesicle of intermediate density between classical Golgi and lysosomal structures.
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PMID:Intracellular hormone receptors: evidence for insulin and lactogen receptors in a unique vesicle sedimenting in lysosome fractions of rat liver. 694 44


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