Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Detailed morphologic and enzyme cytochemical analysis was carried out by electron microscopy on granules of mature granulocytes obtained from the circulating chicken blood. Heterophils possessed three types of granules: large, rod-shaped, dense (Type I); medium sized, oval, light (Type II); and small-core (Type III). Acid phosphatase activity was present in Type I granules, but peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase were not demonstrable. The cytochemical nature of Types II and III granules remains unknown. Eosinophils contained only one type of granule, which was circular and had electron-opague contents. Both peroxidase and acid phosphatase, but not alkaline phosphatase, were present, indicating that the granules are lysosomes like the granules of mammalian eosinophils. Basophils possessed two types of granules, the characteristic large basophilic granules (Type I) and small dense granules (Type II). Acid phosphatase activity was found in only a small proportion of Type I granules: peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase were not demonstrable.
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PMID:Electron microscopic and enzyme cytochemical studies on granules of mature chicken granular leucocytes. 88 74

The method for the determination of enzymic activity in turbid, lipaemic sera, which involves clearing by polyanion precipitation with heparin and magnesium chloride, was critically reviewed. In the diagnosis of diseases of the liver and pancreas, which are frequently associated with hyperlipoproteinaemia, only residual enzyme activities are measured in the cleared serum after polyanion treatment. In the measurement of glutamate dehydrogenase and in the Phadebas test for alpha-amylase, the enzymes are inactivated by treatment with heparin and magnesium chloride. On the other hand, as a result of polyanion precipitation gamma-glutamyl transferase is transferred, together with lipoproteins and chylomicrons, to the lipid-rich supernatant. Acid phosphatase also exhibits only residual activity in cleared serum. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and the activity of alpha-amylase in the Merckotest are not affected by polyanion treatment of the serum.
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PMID:[Enzyme diagnosis in lipaemic sera before and after polyanion precipitation with heparin and magnesium chloride (author's transl)]. 92 35

Alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were studied in the ovary and oviducts of pullets from the age of 2-32 weeks. Adult fowls were similarly studied. Alkaline phosphatase activity was present only in the glandular grooves and crypts of the immature oviducts. Alkaline phosphatase activity appeared at the pits of epithelial evaginations as glandular formation commenced. The young, non-secreting glands also showed the enzyme activity. But in the mature oviduct, alkaline phosphatase activity was confined to only the uterovaginal glands or sperm host glands and the epithelium of the vagina. In the ovary, alkaline phosphatase activity in the theca interna increased as the diameter of the follicles increased. Acid phosphatase activity was not present in the ovary, but in the oviduct, the enzyme activity was present in the uterine (shell gland) glands and in the uterovaginal epithelium and glands (sperm host glands). Alkaline phosphatase activity in the ovarian follicles and in the immature oviduct is thought to be related to histodifferentiation of these structures.
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PMID:Histochemical studies of the development of alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in the ovary and oviduct of the fowl (Gallus domesticus). 96 53

Fluoride concentrations in plasma 3 hr after a single oral dose of NaF (5 mg/100 g body weight) were increased 26 times above the control, but the concentrations in erythrocytes and red cell membranes were increased only 1.8 and 1.5 times over the respective control levels. Ionic concentrations of magnesium and calcium in erythrocytes and their membranes were significantly changed by fluoride administration, but the ionic concentrations in plasma were not statistically changed in comparison with controls. Acid phosphatase activities in plasma and erythrocytes were significantly decreased by fluoride administration, but alkaline phosphatase activity in the plasma was not changed. Mg2+-activated ATPase activity was significantly elevated in the erythrocyte membrane by fluoride administration; (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity was significantly decreased in the membrane.
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PMID:Changes of ion mobilizations and their related enzyme activities in the blood of fluoride-intoxicated rats. 101 Dec 89

Growing rabbits were given 200 ppm of fluoride in the drinking water during 14 weeks. During this period excessive fluorotic changes developed in the diaphyses of the femur and tibia. The alkaline phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities increased simultaneously in the fluorotic bone whereas the ratio between the activities remained constant. Acid phosphatase activity also increased. The increase in enzyme activities was regarded as due to the increased bone turnover and not as a primary consequence of fluoride ingestion.
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PMID:Effects of supply and withdrawal of fluoride. Experimental studies on growing and adult rabbits. 8. Phosphatase activity in fluorotic bone. 118 15

The effect of androgen on different biochemical constituents of human semen was studied in 8 healthy volunteers with azoospermia resulting from spermatogenic defect. After obtaining 2 control samples, 50 mg of testosterone propionate were administered im thrice weekly for 4 weeks. Samples were obtained weekly for the estimation of fructose, cholesterol, ascorbic acid, and sialic acid levels and the activities of the acid and alkalin phosphatases. Acid phosphatase appeared to be the most sensitive, followed in order of responsiveness by fructose, sialic acid, and alkaline phosphatase. Cholesterol and ascorbic acid did not change even after 12 injections.
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PMID:Effect of androgen on different biochemical constituents of human semen. 119 May 12

Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and acid cathepsin activity increased in the subcellular fraction of the grey matter of dog brain in proportion to the duration of compression ischemia, particularly in the postmitochondrial supernatant. An increase in the alkaline phosphatase and of the acid cathepsin activity in the postmitochondrial supernatant was also observed at the period of clinical death caused by blood loss and preceded by hypotension of different duration and various levels of arterial pressure. Comparison of the above data indicated a common mechanism of proteolysis activation in the nervous tissue in the terminal states under study.
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PMID:[Change in phosphatase and acid cathepsin activity in the dog cerebral cortex in terminal states]. 122 90

The regional localization of acid and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2. and 3.1.3.1. respectively), determined histoenzymologically, is described in the cerebellum and medulla oblongata of Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton). Acid phosphatase activity in nuclear areas was observed to be moderately positive, whereas alkaline phosphatase activity varied from weak to strongly positive. The localization pattern of these enzymes in the fibre tracts differed. One interesting finding in this study was that the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and the Mauthner cells in the medulla oblongata contained these enzymes in a high concentration. The contrasting cytological distribution patterns of the two enzymes indicate that their roles in the neurons and fibre tracts are probably different.
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PMID:Studies of the histoenzymological mapping of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the hindbrain of Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton). 145 Apr 62

Paraquat, a commonly used herbicide, has been shown to be toxic in exposed field workers. The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the cutaneous toxicity of paraquat in vivo in pig skin and in vitro in the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) and (b) quantitate its absorption in the IPPSF. The amounts of 3, 24, and 200 mg of paraquat were topically applied (5 cm2 surface area) on the ventral abdomen of pigs and biopsied after 6-8 hr for light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). IPPSFs were topically dosed with the same concentrations and perfused for 8 hr (n = 4/treatment). The dosed area of the skin was sampled for LM, TEM, and enzyme histochemistry. IPPSFs were also treated topically with [14C]paraquat dichloride at the aforementioned concentrations (n = 4/dose) and hourly perfusate samples were collected for radiolabel determination and assessment of biochemical and physiological parameters. The epidermal changes were similar both in vivo and in vitro. The changes included epidermal intercellular edema which increased with dose and epidermal-dermal separation at the 200-mg dose. Acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activities were increased in the upper layers of the epidermis, while alkaline phosphatase showed a greater activity in the stratum basale layer. Glucose utilization of all treated IPPSFs was lower than that of the controls and a variation in the vascular resistance profiles was seen in all the treated flaps. Radiotracer studies indicated that a majority of the compound remained on top of the application site and minimal absorption or penetration into skin was observed. Thus, at high concentrations and prolonged exposure, paraquat may have deleterious effects on epidermal morphology in the absence of significant percutaneous absorption.
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PMID:Cutaneous toxicity and absorption of paraquat in porcine skin. 163 99

Cell surface antigen expression during proliferation and differentiation of human erythroid progenitors was examined using a combination of sequential micromanipulations of paired daughter cells derived from erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) and immuno-staining with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Single hematopoietic progenitors were identified in methylcellulose cultures containing human cord blood mononuclear cells and micromanipulated individually to secondary culture. Paired daughter cells, granddaughter cells, and subsequent generations, whose counterparts produced erythroid bursts, were stained with various cytochemical and immuno-alkaline phosphatase stainings. Most paired daughter cells of BFU-E immunostained positively with anti-platelet glycoprotein(GP) IIb, antiplatelet GPIIb/IIIa, anti-HLA-DR, and antitransferrin receptor antibodies. Acid phosphatase staining was also positive. Neither CD34 nor CD33 antigens were identified on the cells. CD36 and blood group A antigens were first identified on cells from aggregates containing 32 to 64 cells after 4 days of secondary culture and preceded the expression of glycophorin A and hemoglobin alpha. These results indicate that various cell surface antigens were sequentially expressed during the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors, and that our procedure may be useful for clarifying the morphologic and immunologic properties of hematopoietic stem cells.
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PMID:Changes in cell surface antigen expressions during proliferation and differentiation of human erythroid progenitors. 163 21


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