Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intramuscular administration of cortisone acetate (5 mg daily to each for 15 days) to adult male pigeons provoked hypertrophy of the preen gland. Desquamation and loss of alveolar differentiated cells were also accelerated to a great extent. Significant changes observed in the histochemical composition of the alveoli of the preen gland of cortisone-treated pigeons were: (a) a greater accumulation of sudanophilic lipids within the alveoli, (b) an increase in the content of acidic lipids, (c) a decrease in the activity of acid phosphatase, and (d) an overall augmentation of the reaction for alkaline phosphatase. There was, however, no gross change in the activities of nonspecific esterases and lipase. The probable significance of the cortisone-induced glandular hypertrophy and histochemical changes has been briefly discussed.
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PMID:Histomorphological and histochemical studies on the preen gland of cortisone-treated male pigeons. 18 24

Ultrastructural changes and intracellular enzyme activities in the hepatocytes were studied in rabbits irradiated with 550 rads of gamma rays at 1,3,6,9,15 and 30 days after irradiation. Swelling and marked rarefaction of the mitochondrial matrix observed on the first day were followed by gradual condensation of the matrix between the 6th and 9th day. This state was accompanied by marked reduction in the succinate dehydrogenase activity, ehich gradually returned to the normal by the 30th day of observation. In the hyaloplasm, the most intense changes developed between the third and sixth day and were manifested by clearing of the cytoplasm and marked fragmentation of the endoplasmic membranes, with concurrent negligible decline of the lactate dehydrogenase activity and unchanged glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In the Golgi apparatus, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and fragmentation of smooth membranes were most pronounced on the 6th day and were correlated with a weakened and diffuse reaction for thiamine pyrophosphatase. The alkaline phosphatase activity was irregularly distributed in the lobule. The activities of lysosomal hydrolases, i.e. acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non-specific esterase, had various localizations within the lobules. The strongest deviations from the normal and of longest duration. (up to 9 days) were seen in the Browicz-Kupffer cells. Complex studies on the same material conducted concurrently with the use of different methods showed that radiation damages structure and function in unequal degrees. Moreover, within the same organ the cellular response to ionizing radiation varies according to the character, localization and functional state of the cells. Deviations from the normal state occur between the first and ninth days, most of the structural and functional elements showing sings of return to the normal about the 15th day after irradiation.
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PMID:Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes of gamma-irradiated rabbits. 18 69

Laboratory animals were kept for 2, 8 and 16 hours in a pressure chamber, the air of which contained 8% O2 and 92% N2. Histochemical and ultrastructural examinations revealed the following duodenal alterations: 1. The alkaline phosphatase activity of the epithelium and glandular epithelium showed no alteration; the acid phosphatase activity was slightly increased in hypoxia. 2. The succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase activities of the glandular epithelium showed a marked decrease. 3. Two hours of hypoxia led to destruction of the microvillous epithelium. Prolonged hypoxia resulted in the destruction of the microvilli as well as of the cuticula. 4. Hypoxia of short duration had no damaging effect on glandular epithelial cells. After 8 to 16 hours of hypoxia, glandular secretion was reduced and the epithelial cells were evacuated. From the findings of the present investigation it is concluded that the decrease in the production of protective intestinal juice, due to the damaging effect of hypoxia on the epithelium and glandular epithelium as well as on the mitochondria, and the increase in the absorption of the intestinal content should be considered responsible of the additional damages to the intestinal epithelium.
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PMID:Histochemical and ultrastructural alterations of the duodenum in acute hypoxia. 18 69

Histochemical localization of various phosphatases, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine-tri-phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase, have been carried out in the male sex accessory glands of Suncus murinus sindensis, ANDERSON. The seminal vesicle and the COWPER'S gland in Suncus display strong phosphatases activities in the epithelium, except the alkaline phosphatase in the in the COWPER'S gland which is more pronounced in the stroma. The possible role of these phosphatases in the secretory activities of the organ where they are localized have been discussed. In the prostate gland, no phosphatase activity could be revealed in the epithelium and the secretions.
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PMID:Localization of certain phosphatases in the male sex accessory glands of Suncus murinus sindensis, Anderson, the common shrew. 18

1. The biochemical development and histochemical localisation of phosphomonoesterases in the testes of prepuberal chicks have been studied. 2. Maximum acid phosphatase activity was observed at 12 weeks with a decrease in enzyme activity after this age, whereas alkaline phosphatase activity fluctuated with age. 3. Acid phosphatase activity in chicks was similar to that of the cockerel in being tartarate-insensitive. 4. There was a low level of significant correlation between acid phosphatase activity and testes weight. 5. Both alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were observed in the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules, and acid phosphatase activity also in the various spermatogenic elements. 6. The results suggest that acid phosphatase is more involved in spermatogenesis, and more widely distributed than alkaline phosphatase in testicular tissue during testicular development.
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PMID:The development of phosphomonesterases in the testes of prepuberal chicks. 18 28

Acute renal failure was induced in male rats by the subcutaneous injectioon of 4 mg HgC12 per kg body weight. Enzyme activities of the proximal tubule were studied histochemically at six time intervals from 15 min to 24 h. The enzyme studied were alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (NAD-independent), malic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, latic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphatase. Decreases in activity were observed for alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase after 15 min. Acid phosphatase was decreased after 30 min. These three enzymes returned to control levels after 3 h, but malic dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase were decreased at this time interval. Succinic dehydrogenase was first decreased after 6 h. The earliest morphological changes detectable by light microscopy were observed in pars recta tubules in the medullary rays after 6 h, a time when all enzymes studied showed widespread decreased activity throughout the proximal tubule. After 24 h, the pars convoluta appeared morphologically normal but the pars recta was necrotic and exhibited calcification, whereas enzyme activity was decreased (absent in some cases) in both pars convoluta and pars recta. These results support the hypothesis that Hg++, when given in a sublethal dose, is associated with early histochemical changes in the brush border of the proximal tubule, which may be related to early changes in sodium reabsorption and to the subsequent development of acute renal failure. The observation that changes in plasma membrane-associated enzymes occur early and prior to alterations in enzymes of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum suggests that Hg++ interacts initially with the plasma membrane.
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PMID:Studies on the pathophysiology of acute renal failure. II. A histochemical study of the proximal tubule of the rat following administration of mercuric chloride. 18 27

The distribution of lipid, glycogen, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase has been studied in the cells of blood and bone marrow smears from young chickens. Chicken heterophil granules react differently from those of mammalian neutrophils. A strongly positive peroxidase reaction was given by developing erythrocytes in chickens, unlike mammals. The significance of these species differences is not yet clear.
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PMID:Histochemical observations on chicken blood and bone marrow cells. 18 94

The healing of parietal and visceral peritoneum has been studied by the techniques of enzyme histochemistry in an attempt to define more precisely the type of cell responsibile for forming the new mesothelium. The changes occurring in the distribution of the following enzymes throughout the course of healing have been investigated: acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ATPase and non-specific esterase. Regenerating mesothelial cells have been found to have several enzyme histochemical properties in common with subperitoneal connective tissue cells. It has not been possible to distinguish between primitive mesenchymal cells and subperitoneal fibroblasts by the histochemical techniques used in this study and therefore the study has not been fruitful in determining whether the new mesothelium arises from primitive mesenchymal cells or subperitoneal fibroblasts. The present study does, however, lend weight to the view that the new mesothelium is not derived from peritoneal macrophages.
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PMID:Regeneration of parietal and visceral peritoneum: an enzyme histochemical study. 19 Jan 97

Histochemical study of some enzymatic systems was conducted in various form of goiter. A study was made of the thyroid gland tissue obtained during the operation in 96 patients. Euthyrosis was accompanied by a decrease in the succinic dehydrogenase, cytochromoxidase, iodide peroxidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. As to thyrotoxic goiter - it displayed an increase in the activity of these enzymes and desquamation of the follicular epithelium; the rejected cells possessed a high acid phosphatase activity. In comparison with thyrotoxic goiter, Askinazi's cell count was increased in the euthyroid macrofollicular nodular and diffuse goiter.
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PMID:[Histochemical characteristics of some oxidation-reduction hydrolytic enzymes in different forms of goiter]. 19 Jun 4

HgC12-induced renal tubular lesions in the rat present histochemically with a transitory decrease of alkaline phosphatase, adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase), and leucine-aminopeptidase activity. The toxic alterations of enzyme activity were more pronounced in the pars recta of the proximal tubule and in the loop of Henle, as compared with the tubulus contortus I. L-thyroxine treatment leads to an accelerated reversal of that enzymatic defect, followinga characteristic pattern, and to a differentiating increase of acid phosphatase and ATPase activity in certain parts of the normal renal tubule. The observations are discussed with reference to the specific mode of action of sublimate and l-thyroxine upon the tubular enzymes and to the well-known metabolic and functional influences of thyroid hormone on the kidney.
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PMID:Influence of L-thyroxine upon enzymatic activity in the renal tubular epithelium of the rat under normal conditions and in mercury-induced lesions. I. Histochemical studies of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine- tri-phosphatase and leucine-aminopeptidase. 19 Jul 63


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