Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytochemical studies on activity of acid phosphatase (AcP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in peripheral blood neutrophils of rats chronically exposed to benzene vapours (1,200 mg/cm3) demonstrated that the exposure results in the increase of AcP and the decrease of the AP activity. The changes noted correlate with the time of exposure and are observed even after 5 months after exposure. The administration of sodium selenate in a dose of 1.0 microgram/kg before exposure prevented the above enzymatic alterations caused by benzene. In contrast, the administration of selenium in a dose of 5.0 microgram/kg only prevented the change of AP activity and caused reactive neutrophilic leukocytosis.
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PMID:Activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase in neutrophils of rats exposed to benzene and treated with selenium. 8 68

We prepared the 5'- and 3'-O-phosphorothioate esters of the antitumor agent O2 : 2'-anhydro-1-beta-D-arabinosylcytosine. We also included in this study esters of 2'-thio-2'-deoxycytidine, namely, 2'-S-dCyd-2' : 3'-P, 2'-S-dCyd-2'-P, and 2'-S-dCyd-3'-P, along with natural nucleotides. These compounds were subjected to the action of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase, potato acid phosphatase, and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. The data were analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots to obtain Km and KI values. Only 2'-S-dCyd-2'-P was a substrate for alkaline phosphatase; the anhydro-araCyt phosphorothioates were good competitive inhibitors, while 2'-S-dCyd-3'-P did not associate with the enzyme. Acid phosphatase hydrolyzed all four monoesters investigated, including the S-phosphorothioate. The cyclic phosphorothioate, 2'-S-dCyd-2' : 3'-P was neither hydrolyzed by, nor associated with, ribonuclease A. ORD spectroscopy was also used in an attempt to relate the structural features of analogs to the peculiarity of their hydrolysis.
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PMID:The enzymatic hydrolysis of the phosphate ester bond in some thionucleotides. 8 87

In 30 patients with cancer of the larynx, aged 40 to 70 years, treated by radiotherapy 6 to 9 years ago the decreased activity of neutrophil beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase accompanied by a decrease of absolute count of enzyme-positive cells was noted. Numbers of acid phosphatase-positive neutrophils were also decreased. Moderate increase of the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity and of numbers of enzyme-positive cells was another observed feature. The main finding in lymphocytes of the patients consisted in the appearance of cells exhibiting diffusion of lysosomal enzymes, especially of beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and to a lesser degree of acid phosphatase into the cell cytoplasm. Moderate increase of immunoglobulin level, especially that of IgA, reflected probably the immunologic mobilization of patients.
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PMID:Effect of radiotherapy on the neutrophil and the lymphocyte enzymatic equipment and serum immunoglobulins in patients with cancer of the larynx. 8 87

An observed differential distribution of alkaline and acid phosphatase on the surfaces of growing bones may serve to describe transformative processes of bone growth. This conclusion has been reached by comparing the distribution of the two enzymes on the surfaces of fibulae from young rats with the patterns of apposition and resorption on the periosteal surfaces of this bone, revealed by in vivo staining with alizarin red S. Presence of reaction to acid phosphatase is, as shown before, an indication of resorptive surfaces, while the presence of reaction to alkaline phosphatase is an indication of depository surfaces.
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PMID:The significance of a differential distribution of phosphomonoesterases on bone surfaces after prolonged demineralization. 9 97

Endometrium from a group of baboons treated with the oral contraceptive, Enovid E, was studied histologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally, and compared to endometrium from normally cycling animals. All endometria were obtained by transcervical uterine biopsy between 10 and 14 days of the treatment cycle or the normal menstrual cycle. Histologically, no discernible differences between the control and experimental endometria were apparent. While observable differences were not evident between the endometrial alkaline phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase activities of control and experimental animals, there was an increased acid phosphatase activity in the Enovid E-treated baboon endometrium. Ultrastructurally, the glandular cells of treated animals appeared to be more physiologically advanced than did those from the control endometria. These advances were evident from the prominent Golgi complex, increased development of the endoplasmic reticulum and increases in the size, number and complexity of mitochondria. The functional correlates of these morphological and histochemical observations are discussed and compared to human endometrial studies.
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PMID:Histochemical and ultrastructural effects of enovid E on the endometrium of the baboon. 10 Feb 23

Monkey pulps were homogenized in a Triton tris solution. After three centrifugation steps (800, 20000, and 105000 g) the supernatant was applied on acryl amide columns at pH 7.5 in a tris-diethyl barbituric acid buffer. Electrophoresis was performed at a constant current of 2.5 mA per gel column at 18--20 degrees C. Incubations for alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1) were carried out at pH 8.3 using naphthol-AS-MX-phosphate as substrate and Fast Red Violet LB salt as coupler. Incubations for acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2) were undertaken at pH 5.0 using alpha-naphtyl phosphate as substrate and hexazotized pararosanilin as coupling agent. After the incubations for alkaline phosphatase as well as acid phosphatase two bands showing enzyme activity were demonstrated. By means of treatment with heat (56 degrees C) prior to incubation or addition of vanadate or pyrophosphate to the incubation medium it was shown that the main part of the fast moving alkaline phosphatase band was sensitive to these procedures. The alkaline phosphatase of the slow moving band appeared to be resistant to heat or the addition of inhibitors.
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PMID:Electrophoretic separation of alkaline and acid phosphatase isoenzymes from the pulp of monkey teeth. 10 57

Using freeze-dried or sections from fresh-frozen or aldehyde-fixed material nitro BT (NBT), tetranito BT (TNBT), distyryl nitro BT (DS-NBT), thiocarbamyl nitro BT (TC-NBT) or benzothiazolylstyrylphthalhydrazidyl tetrazolium chloride (BSPT) were tested as auxiliary reagents for the localization of glycosidases, phosphatases and non-specific esterases with indoxyl substrates in rat tissues. By means of NBT or TNBT as a tetrazolium salt acid beta-D-galactosidase, beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase, acid phosphatase, neuraminidase and non-specific esterase can only be localized at the cellular level; a more precise localization is possible for lactase-beta-D-glucosidase in the intestinal brush border, and the best results are obtained in the demonstration of alkaline phosphatase; among all methods described previously the tetrazolium procedure with TNBT is the method of choice for the light microscopic localization of this enzyme. Reverse data are observed with BSPT as a tetrazolium salt; then, all acid and neutral hydrolases can be exactly localized in lysosomes, secretion granules, cytoplasm and/or microvilli of many cells and tissues provided BSPT-formazan is stabilized by osmification. Furthermore, this procedure enables the reliable ultracytochemical demonstration of these enzymes. However, in the case of alkaline phosphatase only sites with high enzyme activity reveal a positive reaction. -DS- and TC-NBT are inferior to NBT, TNBT or BSPT.
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PMID:[Tetrazolium methods for the histochemical investigation of hydrolases (author's transl)]. 10 69

Comparative studies were carried out on the fine structure of the erythrocytes of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) using electron microscopy and ultrahistochemistry. The cell organelles, the marginal band and the segregation apparatus were investigated. The 2 organelles revealed specific differences. An alkaline phosphatase activity was revealed by ultrahistochemistry at the cell surface only, while alternating activities between the nuclear membranes, in the Golgi complex and in the segregation apparatus were observed in the acid phosphatase depending on the differentiation stage of the erythrocytes. The results are being discussed relating to a function of the segregation apparatus and the marginal band.
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PMID:[Electron microscopical and ultrahistochemical investigations of erythrocytes from eel (Anguilla angiulla) and rainbow-trout (Salmo giardneri) under the specific consideration of the segregation apparatus and the marginal band (author's transl)]. 10 31

It was found that neutrophils in untreated uraemic patients as well as in subjects on regular dialysis treatment displayed higher activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase. Spontaneous reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) by granulocytes was also higher in both groups in comparison to controls. Stimulation with latex particles gave similar results of NBT reduction in investigated patients and controls. Lymphocytes also showed an increase in acid phosphatase activity if compared to healthy persons. It seems possible that granulocytes which take part in unspecific defense mechanisms are more active in uraemic patients due perhaps to subclinical infections.
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PMID:The enzymatic activities and NBT reduction test of granulocytes in untreated and dialysed uraemic patients. 10 90

Sixteen children with refractory diarrhea and three malnourished children who had frequent episodes of acute gastroenteritis but little diarrhea at the time of hospital admission, were studied by peroral upper small intestinal biopsy. Six children were adequately nourished; five children weighed 62 to 79% of expected weight and eight weighed less than 60% of expected weight. Two of the malnourished children had giardiasis. Pathogenic bacteria were found in only one case. Varying degrees of mucosal atrophy with reduction of mean villous height were seen in 18 cases. The concentration of mononuclear inflammatory cells and plasma cells was about half that seen in well-nourished children with severe nongastrointestinal infections. The concentration of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria was about twice that seen in normal adults. The proportions of IgA-producing cells and cells that stained for secretory component were significantly reduced, as compared with normal adult control values. This reduction was most striking in children with malnutrition complicated by giardiasis. Enzyme histochemical studies were performed for leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. There was a tendency for considerably reduced acid phosphatase activity in all clinical groups (kwashiorkor, marasmic kwashiorkor and marasmus) of growth-retarded infants.
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PMID:Infantile jejunal mucosa in infection and malnutrition. 10 19


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