Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of several drugs were tested on analytical methods used in the clinical laboratory to measure the concentration of certain chemical constituents and activity of enzymes in body fluids. Drugs were studied initially at reported toxic concentrations, but if they had an effect at this level effects of lower concentrations were also investigated. The drugs were first studied on the methods of the Technicon SMACTM analyzer. Subsequently, methods in use with the Du Pont ACA and Technicon AutoAnalyzerTM I or II were evaluated. The most commonly affected method was the phosphotungstate reduction procedure for measuring uric acid. However, methods for measuring total protein and albumin were also affected frequently, as were determinations of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activity.
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PMID:Analytical interferences of drugs in clinical chemistry. 64 64

For a group of normal medical students, we examined the effect of posture on the concentration of a number of constituents in plasma. On standing, there is a significant increase in plasma total protein, albumin, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and cholesterol--all proteins or substances bound to protein. Although it is possible to make an allowance for postural variations in plasma calcium, no correction is possible for changes in protein concentrations and care is needed whenever the precise values are important, as in the follow-up of patients with the nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:Posture and the composition of plasma. 64 18

Plasma inorganic phosphorous, glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) were determined in 14-week old turkeys from lines genetically determined for high and low blood pressure. The turkeys received a commercial grower diet (control), control + 10% animal fat, or control + 10% animal fat and 1% cholesterol. Concentrations of uric acid in plasma were higher (P less than or equal to .05) in the control-diet group than in the other dietary groups, and the high blood pressure line had significantly higher (P less than or equal to .05) concentrations of uric acid in plasma than the low blood pressure line. Turkeys fed the diet containing added cholesterol had higher levels (P less than or equal to .05) of total plasma cholesterol than those receiving the other diets. Alkaline phosphatase levels of plasma were significantly lower (P less than or equal to .05) in the control-diet group than the other dietary groups. There were no other effects within either of the genetic blood pressure lines that indicated blood pressure had any influence on blood plasma constituents other than uric acid, nor was there any indication that dietary treatment had any effect within either blood pressure group. Blood pressure and plasma constituents were not correlated.
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PMID:Blood plasma constituents in 14-week old hypertensive and hypotensive strains of turkeys. 67 61

The urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid, a catabolite of glucuronic acid, is considered to be a reliable index of the state of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity. Because enzyme activity may be altered in liver disease, we examined the effect of liver disease on the excretion of this metabolite and its correlation with liver function tests. We studied 89 patients with nonhemolytic jaundice, 39 with viral hepatitis, 33 with obstructive jaundice, six with cirrhosis, and 11 patients with jaundice of mixed etiology. Glucaric acid excretion was significantly increased in all these patients as compared to controls, most pronounced in the obstructive jaundice group. No correlation was found between glucaric acid excretion and concentrations of bilirubin, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, or gamma-glutamyltransferase in serum, even though the concentrations of these analytes did vary with the type of liver disease. We suggest that this increase in glucaric acid excretion is an indication of normal or even increased glucuronidation (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity), which occurs in liver disease.
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PMID:Increased D-glucaric acid excretion by jaundiced patients. 69 85

The effects of smoking during pregnancy on maternal body composition and the fetoplacental unit were investigated serially in well-matched groups of 29 normal, healthy primigravid smokers and 31 nonsmokers. The babies of smokers were lighter by an average of 138 g, and there was a greater proportion of small-for-dates infants among smokers compared with nonsmokers. There was a failure in expansion of mean plasma volume and total body water in patients who smoked throughout pregnancy compared with nonsmokers. No differences were demonstrated in serum protein, intravascular protein mass, serum albumin, intravascular albumin mass, serum electrolytes, serum osmolality, urinary estriol excretion, fetal biparietal diameter, or weekly growth rate between the 2 groups. The concentration of serum heat-stable alkaline phosphatase at 34 and 38 weeks' gestation, during the second stage of labor, and in the early puerperium was significantly higher in smokers. It is postulated that smoking unfavorably alters maternal body composition which is manifested in poor overall performance with the consequent production of smaller infants. The effects of tobacco smoke on the fetus may possibly be mediated via the placenta.
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PMID:Smoking during pregnancy. Its effect on maternal metabolism and fetoplacental function. 70 79

The results of sending specimens through a computerized pneumatic airtransport system and manually delivering specimens were compared for 15 chemical tests and six hematologic procedures. All specimens were collected from inpatients and outpatients into evacuated glass containers. The specimens traversed a maximum of 829 feet (253 meters) involving 16 bends and eight transfer units at 25 feet/second (7.6 meters/second). Only the activity of lactate dehydrogenase exceeded the precision of the test in pneumatically transported specimens. Ruptured erythrocytes in incompletely filled vacuum tubes were the likely source of the increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Neither the serum sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, total protein, albumin, calcium, glucose, creatinine, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, acid phosphatase, uric acid, leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, nor the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were affected by pneumatic transport. It is concluded that the pneumatic system tested provides a safe, efficient method of transporting the blood specimens tested.
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PMID:Evaluation of a computer-directed pneumatic-tube system for pneumatic transport of blood specimens. 70 6

9 pure bred female beagles ingested purified or crude MDA (in 70 mg doses on 3 days of the week) over periods ranging from 3 years, 11 months to 7 years, 2 months. Total quantities of MDA ingested ranged from 39.98 g to 66.92 g/dog, or from approx. 4.0 to 6.26 g/kg body wt. Purified and crude MDA in the doses administered produced similar effects: (a)occasional loss of body weight followed by rather prompt recovery while treatment was interrupted; (b) no specific effect on blood sugar, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin and a questionable effect on alkaline phosphatase activity; (c) from moderate to severe gross and micropathological changes in the liver, less severe effects in the kidneys and spleen, and occassionally gross or micropathological changes in other organs. Purified and crude MDA did not produce tumors of the urinary bladder or liver.
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PMID:Di(4-aminophenyl)-methane (MDA): 4-7 year dog feeding study. 71 1

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) values in 22 hyperthyroid patients did not differ significantly from those of controls matched for age, sex, and the time of year that plasma samples were taken. In the hyperthyroid group, plasma alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher than in controls, and an increase in bone type alkaline phosphatase occurred in 50%. In the 18 female hyperthyroid patients the plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase was significantly increased compared with controls. Mean values for plasma albumin, alanine transferase, and calcium showed no significant difference between hyperthyroid and control patients.
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PMID:Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in hyperthyroidism. 73 91

We show our experience in 12 patients treated during a year with weekly intermittent dialysis whit a rigid catheter for 36 hours a week. Patients were on a diet of 50 g. of proteins a day, normocaloric without sodium or fluid restriction. They received supplementation whith iron, calcium, vitamins B, C and folic acid, anabolic hormonal and, in some cases, furosemide hypotensives and antibiotics. Patients received the procedure for a mean of 8 months. The results show the following mean values: blood pressure: 143 +/- 12/99 +/- 3 mm. Hg., plasma urea 208 +/- 62 ng./dl.; creatinine 21 +/- 2 mg./dl., hematocrit 25 mm. and 8.0 g. hemoglobin. There was light increase of glucose, K, P, Mg, alkaline phosphatase. Na, CO2, proteins cholesterol, albumin and Ca keep in normal values. Nine patients passed to hemodialysis after a mean period of nine months and three of them received a kidney transplant. Three are still in peritoneal dialysis, one of them for 18 months. We compared our results with a similar group of patients who were treated with non-regular peritoneal dialysis. Our group had less cardiovascular complaints, or infections and keep more adequate body weight, and also got more survival in better conditions with less days in hospital, they received less blood transfusion. We concluded that weekly peritoneal dialysis is an alternative method of treatment in uremic patients for longer period of time even though frequently paracentesis.
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PMID:[Prolonged survival with weekly peritoneal dialysis in chronic uremic patients]. 75 7

Between 1968 and 1974, azathioprine has been used in a controlled prospective trial to treat patients with symptomatic but precirrhotic primary cirrhosis. Forty-five patients were admitted, of whom 22 were given azathioprine in a dose of 2 mg per kg of body weight. During the 1st year, serum aspartate transaminase levels showed a significant change in favor of the treated group, but improvement did not continue. Throughout the trial, serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, albumin and immunoglobulin M values showed no significant change. Titers of serum mitochondrial antibodies tended to become negative more often in the treated than the untreated. Pruritus cannot be assessed objectively, but seemed less in the treated than in controls. Serial hepatic biopsy specimens showed the development of cirrhosis equally in the two groups. Survival, as judged by the life table method, was similar for the first 5 years of the trial. There was, however, a significant difference in favor of the treated group in the 6th year, although the number of patients available for assessment at that time was extremely small.
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PMID:A prospective controlled trial of azathioprine in primary biliary cirrhosis. 77 Feb 24


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