Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aluminium has the potential to be neurotoxic in humans and animals, and is present in many manufactured foods and medicines and is also added to drinking water for purification purposes. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate (1) the alterations in biochemical parameters, free radicals and enzyme activities induced by aluminium chloride (AlCl3) in plasma and different tissues of male rats, and (2) the role of vitamin E (VE) and selenium in alleviating the negative effects of aluminium. VE plays an important role as an antioxidant and is consequently expected to protect tissues from damage caused by reactive oxygen metabolites. Selenium is also generally recognized to be a trace mineral of great importance for human health, protecting the cells from the harmful effects of free radicals. Seven rats per group were assigned to one of six treatment groups: 0 mg VE, 0 mg Se and 0 mg AlCl3/kg body weight (BW) (control); 100 mg VE/kg BW; 200 microg Se kg BW; 34 mg AlCl3/kg BW (1/25 LD50); 34 mg AlCl3 plus 100 mg VE/kg BW; 34 mg AlCl3 plus 200 microg Se/kg BW. Rats were orally administered their respective doses every other day for 30 days. Evaluations were made for lipid peroxidation, enzyme activities and biochemical parameters. Results obtained showed that AlCl3 significantly (p<0.05) induced free radicals (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and decreased the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the levels of sulphydryl groups (SH groups) in rat plasma, liver, brain, testes and kidney. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and phosphorylase activities were significantly decreased in liver and testes due to AlCl3 administration, while the activities of these enzymes were significantly increased in plasma. In addition, plasma, liver, testes and brain lactate dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased. On the contrary, the activity of acetylcholinesterase was significantly decreased in brain and plasma. Al treatment caused a significant decrease in plasma total protein (TP), albumin and total lipids (TL), and increased the concentrations of glucose, urea, creatinine, bilirubin and cholesterol. VE or Se alone significantly decreased the levels of free radicals, TL, cholesterol, urea and bilirubin, and increased the activity of GST, and SH groups, TP and albumin, while the rest of the tested parameters were not affected. VE or Se in combination with Al partially or totally alleviated its toxic effects on the studied parameters. In conclusion, VE and Se have beneficial effects and could be able to antagonize Al toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Antioxidant effect of vitamin E and selenium on lipid peroxidation, enzyme activities and biochemical parameters in rats exposed to aluminium. 1548 71

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare form of cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis of patients with SPTCL. Twenty-one patients with SPTCL were seen at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota, USA) between July 1973 and June 2004. The median age at diagnosis was 42 years (range 23-80 years) and 15 (71%) were women. Constitutional symptoms occurred in 14 (67%) patients, including fever, serositis, arthralgias and myalgias. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score was poor (3-4) in 3 (15%) patients. Liver enzymes (at least 2 enzymes, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase and/or lactate dehydrogenase) were elevated in 11 (52%) patients. Therapy consisted of chemotherapy in 13 (62%) patients, or other therapeutic interventions in 8 (38%) patients, including surgical excision, corticosteroids alone or in combination with either plaquenil, colchicine, hydroxychoroquine, or azathioprine. Bone marrow transplantation was performed in 5 (24%) patients, 3 autologous and 2 allogeneic. The median overall survival from diagnosis was 15 months (range 0.1-104 months). Two groups of patients were identified and categorized as having a favorable or unfavorable disease course. The factors associated with an unfavorable disease course were a low white blood cell count or elevated lactate dehydrogenase. Patients treated aggressively with stem cell transplantation appeared to have an improved overall survival.
 ...
PMID:Clinical outcome of patients with subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. 1601 7

In the present study, an investigation was undertaken to assess the efficacy on serum enzymes of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS). CBS was administered with injections to male rats in 100-, 200-, 400-, 500-, and 1000-microg/L doses of bismuth. Rats were anesthetized at different intervals (24, 48, and 72 h) after CBS injections. The levels of serum enzymes were determined. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatine kinase (CK) levels significantly increased after all CBS treatments without dependence on time. All doses of bismuth significantly affected the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum after 72 h. The lowest doses were the most toxic on ALT and LDH. These data suggest that treatment with CBS can provide evidence for a possible marker of liver toxicity although there is no evidence of liver accumulation of bismuth in the present study.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical response to colloidal bismuth subcitrate: dose-time effect. 1603 60

Stannous chloride (SnCl2) is widely used in daily human life to conserve soft drinks, in food manufacturing and biocidal preparations. It had genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. Therefore, the present experiment was carried out to determine the effectiveness of l-ascorbic acid (AA) in alleviating the toxicity of SnCl2 on some enzyme activities and oxidative damage in male New Zealand white rabbits. Six rabbits per group were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 0 mg AA and 0 mg SnCl2/kg BW (control); 40 mg AA/kg BW; 20 mg SnCl2/kg BW (1/500 LD50); 20 mg SnCl2 plus 40 mg AA/kg BW. Rabbits were orally administered the respective doses every other day for 12 weeks. Liver and kidney specimens were processed for histopathologic studies. Results obtained showed that SnCl2 significantly (P < 0.05) induced free radicals in rabbit liver, testes, kidney, lung, brain and heart. While, the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the level of sulfhydryl groups (SH-group) were decreased (P < 0.05) in all tested organs except brain and heart. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was increased (P < 0.05) in liver and decreased in testes, but alanine aminotransferase (ALT) did not change. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and acid phosphatase (AcP) were decreased (P < 0.05) in liver, testes, kidney and lung. Also, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was significantly decreased in brain and plasma of rabbits treated with SnCl2 compared to control group. Histopathologic studies showed marked changes in hepatocytes as well as proliferation of duct epithelium, dilatation and congestion of blood vessels as well as mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. The kidney were also severely affected by SnCl2 the Bowman's space was increased, with infiltration of renal parenchyma by mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and changes in cells lining convoluted tubule. Ascorbic acid alone significantly decreased the levels of free radicals, and increased the activity of GST and the levels of SH groups in tested organs except brain and heart. While, the rest of the tested parameters were not affected. Results showed that AA alleviated the harmful effects of SnCl2. This was proved histopathologically by the great improvement in liver and kidney histology where hepatocytes retained normal architecture with mild dilatation and congestion of blood vessels. Bowman's space of kidney was almost normal, with normal lining of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. In conclusion AA could be effective in the protection against stannous chloride toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Stannous chloride induces alterations in enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and histopathology in male rabbit: antioxidant role of vitamin C. 1605 10

Stellate cells are activated by free radicals, and synthesize collagen. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a precursor of reduced glutathione and a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and has potential antifibrotic effects. We aimed to test the effects of NAC on bile duct ligation (BDL) induced liver damage in rats. Forty-seven Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: group 1, BDL+NAC (n=10); group 2, BDL (n=10); group 3, sham+NAC (n=10); group 4, sham (n=10); and group 5, control group (n=10). NAC (50 micromol/kg per day) or saline of single doses were administered intraperitoneally for 28 days. Serum biochemical and liver oxidative stress parameters were studied. Liver collagen level was determined by the method of Lopez de Leon and Rojkind. Liver slides were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome\Gomory reticulum staining. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase levels in the BDL+NAC group were lower than the BDL group and were higher than the control groups (all P< .001). Malondialdehyde, luminal, and glutathione levels in group 1 were lower than the BDL group (P= .01, P= .002, and P< .001) and higher than the control groups (all P< .001). NAC had no effect on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gammaglutamyl transferase, bilirubin, albumin, or lucigenin levels. Liver collagen levels were higher in the BDL groups (P< .001); however, NAC had no effect on the collagen levels. The BDL groups showed stage 3 fibrosis; all the control groups were normal. NAC improved some biochemical parameters (AST, alkaline phosphatase) and oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, luminol, glutathione) in the BDL model. NAC was found to be effective on cholestasis-induced hepatotoxicity. However, NAC was inefficient as an antifibrotic agent within a 1-month period of administration in the BDL model.
 ...
PMID:The effects of N-acetylcysteine on bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in rats. 1743 97

Flaxseed (linseed, Linum usitatissimum, Linaceae) is widely used for its edible oil in many parts of the world. The present study investigates the radioprotective and antioxidative potential of flaxseed oil (FO). Swiss albino mice were administered FO orally once daily for 15 consecutive days, then exposed to a single dose of 5 Gy of gamma radiation. Lipid peroxide, reduced glutathione and total protein were estimated in the liver. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid and alkaline phosphatase estimations in serum were also carried out. Radiation-induced increases in the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), AST, ALT and acid phosphatase were significantly ameliorated by flaxseed oil pretreatment, and radiation-induced depletion in the level of glutathione (GSH) and alkaline phosphatase activities was significantly inhibited by flaxseed oil administration. The lifespan was increased in the flaxseed oil treated irradiated mice in comparison with their respective control mice, with survival data showing an LD(50/30) (lethal dose for 50% of animals after 30 days) of 7.1 and 10 Gy for control and FO treated irradiated mice, respectively, and produced a dose reduction factor for flaxseed oil (DRF) of 1.40. Radiation-induced deficits in body and organ weight were significantly reduced or prevented in flaxseed oil pretreated mice. The protection afforded by flaxseed oil may be attributed to the constituents of the oil, which include omega-3 essential fatty acids and phytoestrogenic lignans, which appear to play an important role in free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching. The study does not rule out the possibility of a prophylactic potential of flaxseed oil against radiation-induced degenerative changes in liver.
 ...
PMID:Prophylactic effect of flaxseed oil against radiation-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. 1748 87

The freshwater fish, Clarias gariepienus fingerlings, were exposed to sublethal concentrations (1.7 and 3.4 mg/L) of cadmium chloride for 12 days. Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total protein levels were assayed in the gill, brain, and muscle of the fish at regular intervals of 6 and 12 days. The activities of AAT, ALT, and ALP of the treated fishes increased significantly in all the tissues compared with the control fish. Protein level in all the tissues showed a significant decrease in comparison to unexposed controls throughout the experimental periods. These results revealed that cadmium chloride effects the intermediary metabolism of C. gariepienus fingerlings and that the assayed enzymes can work as good biomarkers of contamination.
 ...
PMID:Levels of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and protein in tissues of Clarias gariepienus fingerlings exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium chloride. 1824 18

In domestic animal medicine, changes in serum enzyme levels are routinely used as diagnostic tools to detect liver disease. Hepatic disease occurs in pinnipeds, but limited data are available on the tissue distribution of serum enzymes in marine mammals. The objectives of this study were to determine the tissue distribution of seven serum enzymes in three pinniped species. Enzymes evaluated were alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in tissues from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) (n = 5), harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) (n = 5), and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) (n = 5) that stranded and then died at a rehabilitation center. Samples were evaluated in duplicate from liver, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, kidney, adrenal, spleen, pancreas, lung, lymph node, and intestine. Patterns of tissue enzyme distribution were similar in all species, with SDH activity highest in liver and kidney, CK activity highest in skeletal and cardiac muscle, ALP activity highest in adrenal, and GGT activity highest in the kidney. Aspartate aminotransferase and LDH activities were less specific, with high activity in multiple tissues. Tissue ALT activity was high in the liver of all species, but was also high in cardiac muscle (California sea lions), skeletal muscle (harbor seals), and kidney (elephant seals). These results suggest that concurrent analysis of SDH, ALT, and CK would provide high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of hepatic lesions, and allow differentiation of liver from skeletal muscle lesions in pinniped species.
 ...
PMID:Distribution of tissue enzymes in three species of pinnipeds. 1843 90

The fatality rate of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) disease has been reported as 5.4-80%. In this prospective study our aim was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory predictors of fatality in patients with CCHF. Among probable CCHF patients admitted to our clinic between 2005 and 2008, patients with positive IgM antibodies and/or polymerase chain reaction for CCHF virus were included in the study. To determine the predictors of fatality, we compared epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of the fatal cases with survivors. Ninety-three confirmed CCHF patients were included in the study; 56 (60.2%) of them were female. Mean patient age was 48.4+/-17.7 y and mean hospital stay was 7.9+/-3.0 days. Five patients died (5.4%). The rates of haemorrhage, diarrhoea and confusion were higher in fatal cases compared with non-fatal cases (p<0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein levels were higher in fatal cases; the international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were longer and mean platelet counts were lower (p<0.05). By multivariate analysis, diarrhoea, melena, haematemesis, haematuria, elevated ALT and LDH, and prolongation of aPTT were independent clinical and laboratory predictors associated with fatality. We suggest that for patients who have diarrhoea, melena, haematemesis, haematuria, elevated AST and LDH, and a prolonged aPTT, physicians should be aware of the high fatality risk.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of clinical and laboratory predictors of fatality in patients with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in a tertiary care hospital in Turkey. 2016 62

Isotretinoin is an effective therapy for severe nodulocystic acne. Several experimental studies suggest that it may have an effect on vitamin D physiology. In the present study, the authors aimed to investigate the effect of isotretinoin treatment on the metabolism of vitamin D in acne patients. A prospective analysis of 50 consecutive acne patients who were treated with isotretinoin for 3 months was done. Before and after 3 months of treatment, 25 hydroxy vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D, and bone alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphate, and parathormone levels were measured. The 25 hydroxy vitamin D and serum calcium levels decreased significantly (p < 0.0001, p < 0.05, respectively), whereas 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D, parathormone, and bone alkaline phosphatase levels increased significantly after 3 months of isotretinoin treatment (p < 0.005, p < 0.005, p < 0.0001, respectively). Aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels also increased significantly after isotretinoin treatment. This prospective clinical study showed that isotretinoin has an effect on vitamin D metabolism. Further clinical studies with longer periods of follow-up are needed to understand the effect of isotretinoin on vitamin D and bone metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic hotline. Does isotretinoin have effect on vitamin D physiology and bone metabolism in acne patients? 2141 Jun 20


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>