Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In acute experiment the following results were obtained: the DL50 value after intragastric administration -- 8.2 g/kg of body weight, after intraperitoneal administration -- 1.33 g/kg of body weight. In the studies on acute effect irritating skin and eye of a rabbit -- only a slight inflammatory reaction in conjunctivae was found. Studies on sensitizing effect carried out on guinea pigs did not reveal any symptoms which would give evidence of an alergic effect of the dye. Lima's test did not reveal any cumulative effects of polactine G Yellow, 8-weeks experiment on 30 male rats, administered with 0.5 g/kg and 1.6 g/kg, gave the following results: in the group of rats exposed to 1.6 g/kg an increased excretion of phenol red with urine, lowered activity of aminotranspherases (AspAT and A1AT), increased activity of lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum and increased relative liver weight and relative and absolute weight of the kidney. In the group of rats exposed to 0.5 g/kg of polactine yellow G, increased alkaline phosphatase in blood serum and increased relative and absolute liver weight was found. In histopathological studies in acute and subacute experiment, a damage to gastric wall was found. In addition, an increased damage to parenchymatous organs, of reversible degeneration nature, was found.
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PMID:[Evaluation of acute and subacute toxic effects of polactine yellow G]. 48 Nov 97

In rats exposed for 12 weeks to the mixture of nitric oxides (0.34--2.81 mg/m3) and chlorine (0.61--1.50 mg/m3) the following changes were found: increased methemoglobin concentration (MetHb), increased partial pressure, increased total carbon dioxide concentration (pCO2 TCO2), increased current dicarbonate concentration (AB), and increased buffer bases (BB). In addition, asparagine transferase activity (aspAT), alanine aminotransferase (A1AT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and hepatic isoenzyme of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH5) in serum were found to be increased. Histopathological examination revealed: inflammatory lesions and edema of pulmonary parenchyma, alveolar emphysema and edema of connective tissue of palpetra derm with mastocytes. Chronic exposure to low concentrations of nitric oxides and chlorine induces, apart from local lesions in conjunctivae, pulmonary lesions leading to respiratory acidosis compensated by metabolic alkalosis, or liberation of indicatory enzymes through impaired cells.
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PMID:[Chemical hazards connected with electrochemical machining. I. Toxicity of nitric oxides and chlorine lesions in rats' parenchymatous organs]. 50 41

The hepatoma-specific band of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase II (GGT II) and other three markers were evaluated in 77 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). The positive rate of GGT II (87%) was much higher than that of the increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP greater than or equal to 400 ng/ml, 54.5%), the increased alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT greater than or equal to 400 mg/dl, 64.9%) and alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme I (ALP I, 13.0%). In patients with AFP less than 400 ng/ml, the positive rate of GGT II was 95.2%, higher than that of ALP I (22.8%) and AAT (60.0%). The positive rate of GGT II was positively correlated to the volume of PHC (r = 0.324, P less than 0.05), but even in patients with small PHC (less than or equal to 65 cm3), the positive rate of GGT II (78.6%) was higher than that of AFP (50.0%) and AAT (28.6%). The ALP I positivity was only seen in patients with larger PHC. Follow-up study showed that GGT II, like AFP, might occur before liver tumor could be detected by B-mode ultrasonography and computerized tomography. Therefore, GGT II is a valuable marker of PHC, especially in patients whose AFP was negative or slightly increased; GGT II may be useful for relatively early diagnosis of PHC.
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PMID:Reappraisal of diagnostic significance of a hepatoma-specific band of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase. 197 81

In 42 alcoholics biopsy of the liver was done during the period of abstinence and the following biochemical investigations were carried out at the same time: AspAT, A1AT, GGTP, alkaline phosphatase activity, total serum protein level, protein electrophoretic fractions, levels of urea and fibrinogen, prothrombin index and white blood cell count. In these investigations determination of transaminase activity was found to be most sensitive in the detection of hepatocellular damage. In some patients no abnormalities were found in biochemical investigations despite presence of high-grade changes in the liver in histological examination.
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PMID:[Value of routine biochemical investigations for detection of liver injury in alcoholics during abstinence]. 208 76

In male Wistar rats the protective effect of Padma 28 against changes induced by prolonged treatment with ethyl alcohol was investigated. Exposure of the animals to prolonged ethyl alcohol consumption caused a significant increase in AspAT (by 32%), A1AT (by 50%) and alkaline phosphatase (by 372%) activities as well as an increase in the levels of bilirubin (by 98%) and lipids in the blood serum and lipids in the liver homogenate. Padma 28 administration was found to exert a protective action against these changes: a significant reduction of blood total lipid, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and bilirubin concentrations as well as in the activity of the liver enzymes was observed.
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PMID:Inhibition of ethanol-induced changes in rats by Padma 28. 248 10

In 10 patients with generalized psoriasis treated by this method biochemical and histological examinations of liver biopsy specimens were done before and after 60 days of the treatment. In some cases a transient rise of A1AT activity, raised activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were noted. Histological examinations demonstrated slight hepatocellular damage with microfocal necrosis, fatty infiltration of some cells and increase in the structural elements of cytoplasm.
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PMID:[Laboratory and oligobiopsy studies of the liver in patients with psoriasis treated by the combination of Tigason-PUVA-cignoline (RePUVA+C)]. 269 77

This study reports changes in total protein and certain liver, heart, gill and serum enzymes after exposing fish or tissue homogenates and serum to Cd, i.e. in vivo and in vitro effects. Five enzymes were selected for assay; aspartate amino transferase (AAT), alanine amino transferase (A1AT), alkaline phosphatase (A1P), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). Total protein content in the exposed fish showed an increase in the liver, gill and serum while there was no change in heart protein. The sensitivity of the five assayed enzymes to Cd varied in different tissues. Gill AAT, A1AT were the most sensitive. Liver A1P and heart LDH showed the maximum inhibition at higher Cd concentrations.
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PMID:Effects of cadmium toxicity upon the in vivo and in vitro activity of proteins and five enzymes in blood serum and tissue homogenates of Mugil cephalus. 286 Oct 41

This study was aimed to examine whether disulfiram (DS) may exacerbate the pre-existing liver damage induced by D-galactosamine (GalN) in rats. DS, 600 mg/kg, administered by gavage for 3 days caused an increase in asparagine aminotransferase (AspAT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) and a decrease in cholinesterase (ChE) activity in the serum and decrease in AspAT and ChE activity in the liver. DS given to rats with GAlN-induced liver injury caused significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (A1AT) and bilirubin level in serum in comparison with rats with GalN-damaged liver but without DS treatment. In summary, DS exacerbates a damage of the liver of rats. This study supported the clinical observations showing enhanced liver damage in alcoholics treated with DS.
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PMID:Effect of disulfiram on function of the liver of rats with galactosamine-induced hepatitis. 309 1

Hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of the lipid flower pollen extract in subchronically testosterone-androgenized rats were shown. Normalization of AspAT, A1AT and alkaline phosphatase--biochemical indicators of necrotic changes in the hepatic cell--substantially testifies to the hepatoprotective effect of the investigated lipid flower pollen extract on the hepatic cell, and constitutes a premise for further clinical studies.
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PMID:[The hepatoprotective and hyoplipidemic effect of flower pollen lipid extract in androgenized rats]. 931 29

The aim of the present study was to assess the physiological response of male zebrafish Danio rerio to the fungicide tebuconazole and recovery in fungicide-free water. Acute toxicity tests were carried out and the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) from 24 to 96 h was calculated. The fish were exposed to a sublethal fungicide concentration of 230 microg/L for 7 or 14 days and allowed to recover for 7 or 14 more days, respectively. Whole-body levels of vitellogenins, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, lactate and proteins as well as the activities gamma-glutamil transpeptidase (gamma-GT), alanin aminotransferase (AlAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed; corpulence factor (k) was also calculated. Fish exhibited significant increase of vitellogenins (Vtg), which continued to increase after 14 days of recovery. Levels of glucose, lactate, cholesterol and triglycerides increased after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Finally, cholesterol and glucose recovered after 14 days of recovery whereas triglycerides and lactate continued to be elevated. Proteins and k remained unaltered the entire experiments. AAT, AlAT and AP enhanced during exposure and did not recover at the end (except AlAT). A longer recovery period should be necessary to re-establish fish physiology. These results alert about the multiple disruptive physiological actions that tebuconazole may have on fish.
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PMID:Short-term exposure to sublethal tebuconazole induces physiological impairment in male zebrafish (Danio rerio). 1989 10


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