Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-two cases of Ewing's sarcoma (ES) have been studied with light microscopy during the 9-year period 1974 to 1982. Thirty-three patients had ES of bone, and in 9 patients the tumor was located in the extraskeletal soft tissues. Cases which fulfilled all the morphologic criteria were accepted as typical ES (31 cases), and those with some architectural or cytologic peculiarities were considered atypical forms of ES (11 cases). An immunohistochemical study (PAP method) to evaluate the presence in the tumor cells of the following markers: myoglobin, F-VIII-related antigen, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, kappa and lambda light chains), was performed with negative results in all cases (paraffin blocks were available in 38 cases). The cytochemical study on fresh tissue imprints from five patients (PAS, Sudan Black, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase, myeloperoxidases, naphthol-AS-D chloroacetate esterase and alkaline phosphatase) gave no pattern of histogenetic significance, PAS being the best morphologic marker in tissue sections and touch preparations. A detailed ultrastructural study was performed on 34 cases; the main findings may be summarized as follows: medium sized cells, polygonal shape, oval nuclei, smooth nuclear envelope, abundant euchromatin, well-developed nucleolonema, scant membranous organelles, abundant hyaloplasmic glycogen, occasional lipid vacuoles, straight cell membranes, and primitive intercellular junctions. No differences were found between bone and extraskeletal ES; moreover, typical and atypical forms showed moderate quantitative differences with no qualitative change. The histogenesis is discussed; no functional or morphologic markers have been found to suggest the cell of origin; however, some cell lines may be excluded. It is the impression of the authors that they are dealing with a primitive noncommitted mesenchymal cell.
 ...
PMID:On the histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma. An ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and cytochemical study. 636 49

Needle aspiration cytology of an undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass was performed on a 37-year-old male. The cytologic findings were highly consistent with a seminoma. In the differential diagnosis the possibility of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma was considered. The cytologic features in the aspirate included uniform, single to loose groups of malignant cells with round nuclei and prominent nucleoli and pale cytoplasm with occasional vacuoles. A variable number of lymphocytes were intermingled with the neoplastic cells. On immunostaining, the markers for lymphoma, melanoma and epithelial malignancy were negative, while alpha-1-antitrypsin was positive in malignant cells, and alkaline phosphatase activity was weakly positive in the cytoplasm. In view of the cytologic diagnosis, a clinical examination of the testes was undertaken and followed by an ultrasound examination, which demonstrated a well-demarcated tumor in the left testis. It was removed and diagnosed as a typical seminoma. This case is of interest since needle aspiration cytodiagnosis not only suggested the correct diagnosis in an otherwise-undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass but also led to a timely investigation and correct management.
 ...
PMID:Undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass. Report of a case in which needle aspiration cytodiagnosis led to investigation and timely management. 776 40

Decidua associated with products of conception from intra-uterine and extra-uterine gestations and decidualized tissue from the appendix, cervix and Fallopian tube were studied using a panel of antibodies and antisera. Immunolocalization of vimentin and desmin intermediate filament proteins and of alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was identified in most of the 43 cases studied. Placental alkaline phosphatase, beta human chorionic gonadotrophin, cytokeratin, smooth-muscle actin and leukocyte markers (CD3, CD20, CD68) were also expressed in some cases. Occasional cases reacted for CD45 and S-100 protein. Similar reaction profiles were obtained at both intra-uterine and extra-uterine sites. The results show that extra-uterine mesenchymal cells which have undergone a decidual reaction correspond closely to their counterparts in the endometrial stroma. Since positive immunostaining within decidual cells for cytokeratins, placental alkaline phosphatase and beta human chorionic gonadotrophin indicates that trophoblastic cells are not exclusively recognized by these antibodies, their use does not permit the confident diagnosis of an intra-uterine gestation.
 ...
PMID:The immunophenotype of human decidua and extra-uterine decidual reactions. 895 88

Rheumatoid-Arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease with chronic joint inflammation caused by complex immune mechanisms. Aim of our study was the analysis of the distributions of macrophages and neutrophils at the cartilage-pannus junction in order to assess the possible functional relationship of both cell types in cartilage damage. We used 39 samples of synovectomies from patients suffering from RA. The samples were stained by histological (Hematoxilin-Eosin, HE), enzymehistological (Naphtol-ASD) and immunohistochemical (Peroxidase-antiperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase) techniques and examined by light microscopy. Lysozyme alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin were stained with peroxidase-antiperoxidase-technique, the monoclonal antibody for macrophages CD 68 were used in alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase technique. We found a clear domination of macrophages at the cartilage-pannus junction compared to the number of neutrophils. Over 90% of the analyzed cells were identified as macrophages, which were presumably activated macrophages. The macrophages accumulated directly underneath the erosion front and infiltrated the cartilage. The cartilage showed erosions with clear infiltrations by macrophages. We conclude that this distribution is a clear sign of active cartilage destruction by macrophages and emphasize their role in perpetuation of the rheumatoid inflammation.
 ...
PMID:[Quantification of macrophages and granulocytes at the joint cartilage-pannus junction in rheumatoid arthritis]. 910 57

Tamoxifen is widely used as an adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. To correctly interpret laboratory test results during tamoxifen treatment, clinicians should be aware of the possible effects of the drug on laboratory tests. This study investigated the effects on serum hormones, proteins, lipids and common biochemistry in seven postmenopausal women with breast cancer during 3 months after initiating the therapy. Statistically significant decreases occurred in serum gonadotropins, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, total protein, prealbumin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, immunoglobin M and total cholesterol whilst significant increases occurred in serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), cortisol, parathyroid hormone, aspartate aminotransferase, urate, alpha-1-antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin. The alterations could result from tamoxifen therapy, radiation or changes in lifestyle. All the changes, apart from serum urate, remained within the reference limits. In addition, only serum gonadotropins, SHBG, urate and cholesterol showed clinically significant changes. Alterations in the other laboratory tests are unlikely to disturb diagnoses based on laboratory test results during tamoxifen therapy.
 ...
PMID:Early effects of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy on serum hormones, proteins and lipids. 1081 Apr 43

Most granular cell tumours (GCTs) are benign proliferations of purported Schwannian derivation, showing immunoreactivity for Schwann cell-related antigens. Due to incomplete agreement on the precise nature of GCTs (reactive vs neoplastic), we performed an immunohistochemical study with the alkaline phosphatase/anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique on 30 GCTs. The aim was to evaluate their growth patterns and the possible relationships of granular cells with other nerve sheath-related cell types (i.e., Schwann and perineurial cells, and dendritic cells displaying CD34/vimentin immunoreactivity). An expansive growth pattern was detected in five cases, a pseudoinfiltrative growth pattern in nine cases and a mixture of the above in the remaining 16 cases. Besides immunoreactivity for S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, vimentin, CD57, CD68, MAC 387, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in granular cells, we documented intimate architectural relationships between granular cells, Schwann and perineurial cells, and a third type of CD34/vimentin-positive nerve sheath-related cell in most GCTs. These results suggest that GCTs are heterogeneous lesions. Some of them show a pseudoinfiltrative growth pattern and retain close relationships with the normal components of the nerve sheath. In other lesions, granular cells grow in an expansive fashion and constitute the predominant cell component of the tumour. These architectural and immunophenotypic differences may reflect a different nature of GCTs: they may initially represent reactive or hamartomatous lesions that subsequently acquire truly neoplastic potential.
 ...
PMID:Cellular heterogeneity of granular cell tumours: a clue to their nature? 1089 May 60

The in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into different somatic cell types such as neurons, endothelial cells, or myocytes is a well-established procedure. Long-term culture of rat embryonic stem cells is known to be hazardous, and attempts to differentiate these cells in vitro so far have been unsuccessful. We herein describe stable long-term culture of an alkaline phosphatase-positive rat embryonic stem cell-like cell line (RESC) and its differentiation into neuronal, endothelial, and hepatic lineages. RESCs were characterized by typical growth in single cells as well as in embryoid bodies when cultured in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor. RESC expressed stage-specific-embryonic antigen-1 and the major histocompatibility complex class I molecule. For neuronal differentiation, cells were incubated with medium containing 10(-6) M retinoic acid for 14 days. For endothelial differentiation, RESCs were grown on Matrigel for 14 days, and for induction of hepatocyte-specific antigen expression, RESCs were grown in medium supplemented with fibroblast growth factor-4. Differentiated cells exhibited typical morphological changes and expressed neuronal (nestin, mitogen-activated protein-2, synaptophysin), glial (S100, glial fibrillary acid protein), endothelial (panendothelial antibody, CD31) and hepatocyte-specific (alpha-fetoprotein [alphaFP], albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, CK18) antigens. In addition, expression of hepatocyte-specific genes (alphaFP, transthyretin, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, and coagulation factor-2) was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We were able to culture RESCs under stable, long-term conditions and to initiate programmed differentiation of RESCs to endothelial, neuronal, glial, and hepatic lineages in the rat species.
 ...
PMID:Long-term culture and differentiation of rat embryonic stem cell-like cells into neuronal, glial, endothelial, and hepatic lineages. 1283 96

We describe a 24-year old male patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with the gastrointestinal manifestations of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). He presented with periorbital, scrotal and lower limb oedema. PLE was diagnosed because of hypoalbuminaemia together with an elevation of alpha-1-antitrypsin stool clearance and absence of proteinuria. PSC was diagnosed on the basis of an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and lymphocytic and fibrous cholangitis. His disease was also complicated by neuropsychiatric lupus and hypogonadism. All the manifestations of SLE resolved with systemic corticosteroids and pulsed cyclophosphamide treatment. This case report documents the unusual association of SLE with PLE and PSC, and this relationship suggests that autoimmunity underlie the pathogenesis of these conditions.
 ...
PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus with concurrent protein-losing enteropathy and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a unique association. 1653 81


<< Previous 1 2