Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vitamin D deficiency leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism initially and then to mild osteomalacia, both of which conditions may be aymptomatic and may predispose to bone fracture. To assess the importance of vitamin D deficiency in predisposing to fractured neck of femur, we studied the vitamin D status, dietary intake and socio-economic characteristics in 69 patients with fractured neck of femur (group A), 28 normal subjects with age above 60 (group B), and 101 normal volunteers (group C). Patients with fractured neck of femor had significantly lower levels of serum 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol compared with subjects of groups B and C. There is no statistically significant difference in other biochemical parameters, including calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase. Patients with fractured neck of femur and with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol below 20 ng/mL were characterized by a home-bound and/or institutionalized life-style, smaller living place, and limited access to open space. To conclude, hypovitaminosis D is a common problem among elderly patients with fractured neck of femur in Hong Kong. The fact that such vitamin D deficiency is associated with muscle weakness may contribute to falls, and thus indirectly account for an increased rate of hip fractures over the normal control.
...
PMID:Vitamin D status among patients with fractured neck of femur in Hong Kong. 225 13

Comparison of studies on the elderly is difficult. This study is one of the largest done on healthy, ambulatory persons aged 65 and up. Findings indicate that most laboratory values in elderly persons fall in the normal range. A significantly abnormal test result should raise the suspicion of underlying disease. A small percentage of patients show an abnormality on specific tests (ie, for glucose, calcium, serum lipids). Changes in a few test values are to be expected with aging: These include an increase in alkaline phosphatase, a decrease in serum phosphorus, a decrease in creatinine clearance without a concomitant rise in serum creatinine, and an increase in postprandial glucose level. Vitamin deficiencies and decrease in serum albumin are usually the result of chronic malnutrition rather than aging.
...
PMID:Laboratory tests in the elderly. What is abnormal? 291 47

Since Schmid (115) and Kruse (74) reported on osteopathies occurring after antiepileptic treatment in children, there have been numerous publications concerning the influence of antiepileptics on mineral metabolism in the bones. The investigators' results range from slight anomalies of the plasma levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to severe bone alterations. In the majority of cases, the severe pictures occurred in retarded, neurologically abnormal, institutionalised children who were treated with a high-dose combination of several antiepileptics for epilepsy which was difficult to treat. The first case reports from adults were published by Dent et al. (26). These patients had also been treated since their early youth with an antiepileptic combination. They displayed fractures and suffered from bone pain and muscular weakness. The good response of the rachitic bone alterations to vitamin D treatment both in children and in adults indicated vitamin D deficiency. These reports prompted systematic investigations on the influence of antiepileptics on bone metabolism in numerous hospitals and outpatient departments. According to the available literature, it can be stated that antiepileptic therapy can lead to shifts in calcium and phosphate metabolism and to a raised activity of serum alkaline phosphatase. In studies comprising control groups, the patient treated with anticonvulsants more frequently displayed variations of clinical laboratory parameters. The frequent observation of vitamin D hypovitaminosis led to the assumption that alterations in vitamin D metabolism by enzyme induction are the cause of the disorders in calcium and vitamin D metabolism. This hypothesis was frequently contradicted in recent years after hypocalcaemia and alterations in the mineral content of the bone after antiepileptic therapy had been reported irrespective of the vitamin D level. Besides a restricted intestinal calcium absorption, an influence of antiepileptics on the hormones regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism was found. Thus, a multifactorial genesis of the disorders in bone mineral balance must be assumed. The fact that the vast majority of outpatients with long-term anticonvulsant therapy do not display any disorders of bone metabolism indicate that there are individually different compensation capabilities (possibly of genetic origin). According to the literature, the probability that adults will develop osteomalacia under antiepileptic therapy is associated with the joint presence of various risk factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
...
PMID:[Osteopathia antiepileptica in adolescents and adults]. 306 13

Measurements of bone mineral index, mean metacarpal cortical thickness, plasma calcium, alkaline phosphatase and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations were carried out in 39 Asian vegetarian patients with hypovitaminosis D. It was concluded that PTH is probably the major determinant of osteopenia in patients with osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism; and that the presence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in association with hypovitaminosis D should be an absolute indication for vitamin D supplementation even in asymptomatic patients.
...
PMID:Bone density and cortical thickness in nutritional vitamin D deficiency: effect of secondary hyperparathyroidism. 340 Sep 84

Energy, calcium, phosphorus, protein, and vitamin D dietary intakes, assessed from 24-h recall, were determined for 137 women and 49 men living alone who had low incomes. Related biochemical indices were measured. Women had lower energy, Ca, P, and protein intakes than did men and Vitamin D intakes were low for both groups. More than 50% of the cohort consumed less than 50% of the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) for vitamin D and 21-26% for Ca. Although serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] levels were lower than those observed in a reference population, the mean serum Ca, inorganic P, and alkaline phosphatase were not different. The dietary data and serum 25-(OH)D levels suggest that this population is at risk for hypovitaminosis D.
...
PMID:Vitamin D nutritional status and related biochemical indices in an autonomous elderly population. 340 17

This study reports serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-(OH)D) levels, bone mineral content and bone maturation in 20 adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis, and their response to the internationally recommended dose of supplementary vitamin D (800 iu/day; 20 micrograms/day). Serum 25-(OH)D values were below normal in 75 per cent of patients and serum alkaline phosphatase values, corrected for age, were increased in 60 per cent. Bone mineral content, measured by photon beam absorptiometry, was below the normal range in 45 per cent of patients and bone age retarded in 45 per cent. Following supplementation with vitamin D 40 per cent of patients failed to achieve normal serum 25-(OH)D levels. We concluded that hypovitaminosis D occurs frequently in older patients with cystic fibrosis and is accompanied by osteopenia and retarded bone maturation.
...
PMID:Hypovitaminosis D and response to supplementation in older patients with cystic fibrosis. 409 49

High-fiber diets have a beneficial impact on glucose metabolism of selected persons with diabetes mellitus. A major concern is the long-term effects of fiber intake on mineral and vitamin status. We measured serum concentrations of selected minerals and vitamins and also assessed three fat-soluble vitamins in 15 patients fed high-fiber diets for an average of 21 mo. Average values for serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, iron-binding capacity, magnesium, and hemoglobin values were normal. Vitamin B12 and folic acid concentrations in serum were also normal. Indirect assessment suggested that these patients had adequate intakes of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and K. These preliminary observations suggest that high-fiber diets containing a wide variety of natural foods are well tolerated for up to 51 mo; we failed to detect evidence suggesting mineral or vitamin deficiency in these patients.
...
PMID:Mineral and vitamin status on high-fiber diets: long-term studies of diabetic patients. 625 Jul 73

The effect of dietary thiamin deficiency has been studied on intestinal functions and chemical composition of brush border membranes in rats. Intestinal uptake of glucose, glycine, alanine, and leucine was significantly stimulated in thiamin deficiency compared to pair-fed control group. Studies with glucose and glycine revealed that stimulation of the absorption process occurs only in the presence of Na+ but not in its absence. Km measured in the presence of 140 mM Na+ for glucose and glycine uptakes was reduced by 56 and 41%, respectively, but Vmax remained unaltered in vitamin deficiency. There was no change in these parameters in Na+-free medium (Km = 31.3 and 23.3 mM; Vmax = 17.2 to 19.7 and 13.5 to 16.4 mumol/10 min/g wet tissue, respectively) under these conditions. The activities of brush border sucrase, lactase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase, and leucine aminopeptidase were reduced by 42 to 66% in thiamin deficiency, compared to pair-fed controls. Kinetic studies with sucrase and alkaline phosphatase evinced that a decrease in Vmax (61 and 64%, respectively) with no change in Km (33.8 and 4.3 mM, respectively) was responsible for observed impairment in the enzyme activities in thiamin deficiency. Microvillus membrane proteins expressed on dry membrane basis were reduced by 20% in thiamin-deficient intestine. There was no difference in membrane sialic acid, cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides fractions under these conditions. It is suggested that thinning of the microvillus membrane may be implicated in observed aberrations of intestinal functions in thiamin-deprived animals.
...
PMID:Effect of dietary thiamin deficiency on intestinal functions in rats. 646 54

Biochemical parameters of vitamin D metabolism were measured in late winter among 40 institutionalized mentally retarded patients. Twenty of them had carbamazepine as their only antiepileptic drug, while the 20 remaining patients had no antiepileptic drugs. Serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were significantly lower and alkaline phosphatase significantly higher in patients with than without carbamazepine. Supplementation of the diet with vitamin D in carbamazepine-treated patients abolished the differences. A possibility of hypovitaminosis D should be considered in patients on a long-term carbamazepine therapy, especially if other risks for vitamin D deficiency exist.
...
PMID:Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? 674 35

This article catalogs the nutritional deficiencies inadvertently introduced by certain treatment regimens. Specifically, the iatrogenic effects on nutrition of surgery, hemodialysis, irradiation, and drugs are reviewed. Nutritional problems are particularly frequent consequences of surgery on the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric surgery can lead to deficiencies of vitamin B12, folate, iron, and thiamine, as well as to metabolic bone disease. The benefits of small bowel bypass are limited by the potentially severe nutritional consequences of this procedure. Following bypass surgery, patients should be monitored for signs of possible nutritional probems such as weight loss, neuropathy, cardiac arrhythmias, loss of stamina, or changes in mental status. Minimal laboratory tests should include hematologic evaluation, B12, folate, iron, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases, sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide levels. Roentgenologic examination of the bone should also be obtained. Loss of bone substance is a major consequence of many forms of treatment, and dietary supplementation with calcium is warranted. Patients undergoing hemodialysis have shown carnitine and choline deficiencies, potassium depletion, and hypovitaminosis, as well as osteomalacia. Chronic drug use may alter intake, synthesis, absorption, transport, storage, metabolism, or excretion of nutrients. Patients vary markedly in the metabolic effects of drugs, and recommendations for nutrition must be related to age, sex, reproductive status, and genetic endowment. Moreover, the illness being treated can itself alter nutritional requirements and the effect of the treatment on nutrient status. The changes in nutritional levels induced by use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives (OCs) are obscure; however, the effects on folate matabolism appear to be of less clinical import than previously suggested. Reduction in pyridoxine and serum vitamin B12 levels has been reported among OC users, and requirements of thiamine and riboflavin may be increased. In cases where the therapy is justified, the nutritional consequences can often be justified. However, every effort should be made to identify nutritional side effects by proper assessment procedures and to manage them by oral or parenteral supplementation where feasible.
...
PMID:Iatrogenic nutritional deficiencies. 676 30


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>

---