Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The levels of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and, when appropriate, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and 5'-nucleotidase (NTD) have been measured as a routine in 276 patients with malignant haematological diseases during a 26-month trial period. GGT levels add no prognostic information to the routine haematological surveillance of leukaemia. Polychemotherapy does not appear to be an inducer of liver drug-metabolising microsomal enzymes. Polycythaemia rubra vera, myelofibrosis and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia may cause little change in GGT, AP and NTD levels despite marked hepatomegaly. A raised GGT in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma is generally associated with active and widespread disease, but not necessarily a sign of malignant tissue in the liver. The elevations of GGT in myeloma may be secondary to liver infiltration though this group merits further detailed study.
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PMID:Evaluation of the usefulness of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in the management of haematological neoplasia. 2 19

Samples from 260 non-jaundiced patients with elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activities were analysed for gamma-glutamyltransferase and 5'-nucleotidase activity, and for alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme pattern. The plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was found to be a more sensitive index than that of plasma 5'-nucleotidase in confirming the presence of a liver component of the elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase. If the gamma-glutamyltransferase level is normal it is probable that the increase in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity is of bone origin. However, and elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase result does not exclude a bone component; in this situation plasma alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes should be estimated. The causes of elevated activities of plasma alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, found in this investigation were generally the same as those found by other worker. The effect of treatment by drugs on gamma-glutamyltransferase, an inducible enzyme, needs more investigation.
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PMID:Origin of an elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in non-jaundiced patients. 2 39

The pattern and some substrates characteristic of the rat brain 5'-nucleotidase were studied using the isoelectric focusing technique, which revealed that the enzyme is present in a single form in hippocampus extracts. An alkaline phosphatase, which is also able to split nucleoside monophosphates, is not active at neutral pH values. The isoelectric points were found to be 6.4 +/- 0.1 for the specific 5'-nucleotidase and 6.8 +/- 0.1 for the phosphatase.
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PMID:Isoelectric focusing studies on the neutral 5'-nucleotidase from Wistar rat hippocampus: evidence for the absence of isoenzymes. 2 21

Portions of closed jejunal biopsies from the dog were homogenised and their organelles separated by isopycnic centrifugation on continuous sucrose density gradients. The distributions of marker enzymes for the principal organelles were determined using highly sensitive assay procedures. The following organelles, with assayed marker enzymes and modal densities between brackets were characterised: peroxisomes (catalase, 1.21); brush borders (zinc-resistant alpha-glucosidase, leucyl-beta-naphthyl-amidase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, 1.20); lysosomes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, 1.19); mitochondria (malate dehydrogenase, 1.18); endoplasmic reticulum (Tris-resistant alpha-glucosidase, 1.16); basal-lateral membranes (5'-nucleotidase, 1.11) and cytosol (lactate dehydrogenase). Homogenisation in isotonic sucrose containing digitonin (0.12 mmol/litre) selectively disrupted lysosomes and increased the equilibrium density of brush border and basal-lateral membranes. This procedure will be used to study the subcellular pathology of naturally occurring intestinal disease in the dog.
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PMID:Subcellular fractionation studies on peroral jejunal biopsies from the dog. 3 Jan 25

An elevated bilirubin level can be classified as hyperbilirubinemia only if results of all other liver function tests are normal. In contrast, cholestatic syndromes are characterized by elevations in various measurements of liver function, particularly alkaline phosphatase, bile acid, gammaglutamyl transferase, and 5'-nucleotidase.
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PMID:Hyperbilirubinemic and cholestatic syndromes. New concepts aiding recognition and management. 3 35

Large amounts (66-97%) of marker enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase I, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase of bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) were selectively solubilized by nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100, Tween 20, Nonidet P-40, Liponox NCK, and Emulgen 109-P. On the other hand, the extractability of MFGM protein with these detergents was less than 50%. Judging from the recovery of total activity, it is likely that alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase I, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase are activated by nonionic detergents, whereas 5'-nucleotidase is somewhat inhibited by the detergents, except for Tween 20, and acid phosphatase is strongly inhibited by all detergents. In addition, solubilization of the protein with the nonionic detergents was found to be somewhat selective by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There was no appreciable difference between the five brands of nonionic detergents used as regards the extractability of protein and the enzymatic activity of the extracted marker enzymes of MFGM, except that the solubilizing ability of Tween 20 was relatively low.
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PMID:Selective extraction of marker enzymes of bovine milk fat globule membrane by nonionic detergents. 3 79

A plasma membrane-enriched fraction was prepared from homogenized rat pancreatic islets by a one-step sucrose gradient centrifugation. Using 125I-wheat germ agglutinin as a plasma membrane probe, a fraction was obtained at a sucrose density of about 1.10 that was enriched in 5'-nucleotidase, Mg2+-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase. The fraction contained little, if any, monoamino oxidase activity, insulin or DNA. Hydrolysis of 3-0-methyl-fluoresceinphosphate was stimulated by K+ (10mM) at a pH optimum of pH 8.2. Hydrolysis of ATP-gamma-32P in the presence of MgCl2 was of high specific activity and was optimum at pH 7.0 and 8.2. K+ did not affect ATP-hydrolysis. At pH 8.2, a small fraction of the total Mg2+-ATPase activity was inhibited by ouabain in the presence of Na+ and K+. Since K+-stimulated phosphatase activity does not correlate with Mg2+-ATPase, the two assay systems define separate enzymatic processes.
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PMID:Cation-dependent phosphatase activites in a rat pancreatic islet plasma membrane fraction prepared by one-step gradient centrifugation. 3 53

A study of the value of serum enzymes in 184 patients with colorectal cancer has been performed. The enzymes studied were gamma glutamyltransferase (gammaGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT), glutathione reductase (GR), alanine and aspartate transaminases. In patients without liver metastases, elevated enzyme levels were found in 11-55% preoperatively. 5'-NT showed the least number of elevated activities, while gammaGT activities were increased in 29% and LDH in 55%. The percentage of elevated enzyme levels rose significantly in the early postoperative period. Patients with liver metastases showed increased enzyme activities in 40-60% preoperatively: gammaGT was the most sensitive indicator. Increased enzyme activity was related to the degree of liver involvement with secondary tumor. With extensive liver metastases, gammaGT levels were increased in 82%. It is concluded that serum enzymes are of limited value in the preoperative detection of liver metastases, and particularly when tumor involvement of the liver is small.
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PMID:Serum enzymes in colorectal cancer. 3 19

The cytochemical localization of 5'-nucleotidase (5'-AMPase), and its validity, were investigated in parotid and submandibular acinar cells of a rat. Biochemical determinations showed that adequate treatment with glutaraldehyde could minimize the loss of enzymatic activity, and that 5'-AMPase and non-specific alkaline phosphatase (beta-GPase) possessed different pH optima. The cytochemical distribution of the reaction products from the 5'-AMPase activity was distinct from those of beta-GPase. 5'-AMPase activity was localized on the surface membranes of acinar, ductal and myoepithelial cells of both salivary glands. beta-GPase activity was evenly distributed on the entire plasma membranes of myoepithelial cells and on the basal plasmalemma of acinar cells. The reaction products, which appeared on the luminal and lateral plasma membranes of the acinar cells, were presumed to reflect the presence of 5'-AMPase, while those on the myoepithelial surface and basal plasma membranes of the acinar cells demonstrated both 5'-AMPase and beta-GPase. The results indicate that 5'-AMPase activity can be utilized as a reliable marker enzyme of plasma membranes in the salivary acinar cells.
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PMID:Cytochemical studies on the localization of 5'-nucleotidase in the acinar cells of the rat salivary glands. 3 29

The histochemical distribution of 14 enzymes in the human amnion at term are described. Adenosine triphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase show continuous gradations of enzyme activity. Cells with intense activity are prominent in acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase preparations. A distinct subpopulation of amniotic cells can be defined by their alkaline phosphatase activity. The possible correlations with morphological studies are discussed.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical patterns in the normal human amnion: amniotic histochemical patterns. 4 99


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