Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult albino mice were bleed through the hearts by cardiac puncture under Nembutal anesthetic. 0.3 ml of blood was withdrawn form every animal. The retinae were then studied on a timed basis with succinic dehydrogenase histochemistry and alkaline phosphatase histochemistry. In control retinae, high SDH activities were localized in the inner segments, outer plexiform, inner plexiform, and ganglion cells layers and high alkaline phosphatase activities were localized in the ganglion cell layers and the vessels of the plexiform layers. Decrease in the enzymatic activities of both SDH and alkaline phosphatase in these layers were most evident 5h after bleeding. 9 to 24 h after bleeding, a compensatory increase was detected. 48 to 72 h after, the enzymatic activities decreased again. Reperfusion of experimental animals with 5% dextrose would increase the retinal enzymatic activities back to normal, even if the reperfusion was carried out as late as 48 h after bleeding.
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PMID:Histochemical responses in the retina after acute blood loss. 275 47

The different distribution of cytochemically demonstrable enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, 1.1.1.27), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, 1.3.99.1), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, 1.5.1.3), acid phosphatase (AcP, 3.1.3.2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 3.1.3.1), has been documented in Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells in vivo or stored at 80 degrees C. The dehydrogenase activities (LDH, SDH, DHFR) show a strong reaction in all samples. An increased level of these enzyme activities has been observed in the malignant cells spreading through the organs of tumor bearing rats. On the contrary, in the same samples, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities are very low. The strong dehydrogenase activities observed in Yoshida ascite cells stress the rapid turnover of tumor cells. Our results indicate that the histochemical method may be a useful tool to detect the scattered tumor cells. Furthermore, the cytochemical methods allow the characterization of the metabolic pathways employed by the primary and disseminated tumor cells.
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PMID:[Cytochemical study of cells of primary and disseminated ascite Yoshida tumor cells]. 276 51

In experiments with (CBA x C57B1/6)F1 mice it was shown that LDH activity moderately increased 5 min after exposure of the head to 200 Gy gamma radiation. After 60 min, there was a 24.4 per cent decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity and a 24.3 per cent increase in SDG activity. Injected prior to irradiation meksamine precluded the postirradiation increase in SDH and alleviated the postirradiation decrease in alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:[Changes in the activity of the oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes of the animal cerebral cortex in the early periods after gamma irradiation and the use of meksamine and the synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2 alpha-estrofan]. 316 24

A comparative study was made of the activity of nonspecific phosphatases and lactate dehydrogenases, succinate and NADH in exocrine and endocrine pancreas in excess and deficiency of body glucocorticoids. SDH, NADH-DH and LDH activity in pancreatic acinar cells was shown to be higher than that in the endocrine epithelium but significantly lower than the activity of nonspecific phosphatases, acid phosphatase being the predominant enzyme of B-insulocytes and alkaline phosphatase the predominant enzyme of A-insulocytes. A stimulating effect of hydrocortisone physiological doses on pancreatic secretory activity was accompanied by the enhanced activity of nonspecific phosphatases and enzymes of the Krebs cycle in the exocrine epithelium and acid phosphatase, NADH-DH in B-insulocytes. Large hydrocortisone doses as well as hormonal balance deficiency resulted in a decrease in the energy potential of acinar and endocrine cells.
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PMID:[Histochemical study of enzyme activity of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas at different glucocorticoid levels in animal body]. 354 25

The article deals with the results of histochemical study of some redox and proteolytic enzymes (SDH, MDH, NAD-diaphorase, LDH, and acid and alkaline phosphatase) in experiments on animals in various periods after infliction of a craniocerebral injury and on autopsy material, i.e. the brain of patients who had died from severe craniocerebral injury incompatible with life. It is shown that the activity of all enzymes decreases (SDH, MDH, NAD-diaphorase, and alkaline phosphatase) or increases (LDH, acid phosphatase) in various periods after the injury. The results were compared with the findings of morphological examination of the same brain areas performed by means of neurohistological methods.
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PMID:[Redox and proteolytic enzymes in brain tissue after a concussion]. 689 60

The use of styrene in the production and processing of polymers, varnishes and paints is a prerequisite for a broad skin contact with the solvent, hence conditions for occupational effect on the workers, manifested with frequent contact toxic dermatitis. That determined the scope of this work, aiming at the specifying of the occupational risk in case of repeated dermal contact with styrene. The experiment was carried out in the course of 28 days on 70 albino male rats, treated daily, dermally with 4 ml/kg and 8 ml/kg from the substance and on groups with a following 14--day rehabilitation. The following methods were used in the investigation: histological (H.E.), histochemical (Sudan III, Sudan schwartz and PAS-reactions under the control of alpha-amilase), enzyme-histochemical (activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatases, ATP, SDH, LDH and G16PDH) and electron microscopic. The repeated skin application of styrene was established to induce changes in the organism of the experimental animals, localized mainly in the liver and carrying the character of fatty dystrophia. The latter is directly proportional to the dose applied and the exposure duration. After a 14-day rehabilitation period, the dystrophia abates and the processes of proliferation and regeneration predominate in the organ, regardless of the enzyme disorders established in the oxidation-reduction processes of liver, with the higher styrene dose (8 ml/kg). The authors presume that the dynamic follow up of the adaptation mechanisms in liver, in case of repeated dermal contact with styrene, determines reversible tissue deviations in organism of the experimental animals, being dose-effect dependent. The authors are in the opinion that the occupational risk in production and processing of polystyrene is minimum when observing the sanitary instructions for safe contact.
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PMID:[Occupational risk after repeated skin exposure to styrene]. 717 69

The influence of extraneous supplementation of L-ascorbic acid in chronic chlordane toxicity has been studied in rats. Oral administration of chlordane brings about a marked growth retardative effect, stimulates vitamin C synthesis in the system, elevates the vitamin C status of the liver and kidney tissues and also the urinary excretion. It inhibits the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, SDH and Mg2+-ATPase of both hepatic and renal tissues. The activities of serum and mitochondrial GOT, serum alkaline phosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase of both hepatic and renal tissues are markedly stimulated. The normal histological patterns of both liver and kidney tissues are grossly altered under chlordane toxicity condition. There occurs marked increase in the hepatic lipid composition. Supplementation of L-ascorbic acid in high doses to the chlordane treated rats can effectively counteract some of these alterations in respect of enzyme activities, morphological characteristics and of hepatic lipid composition.
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PMID:Studies on the protective effects of L-ascorbic acid in chronic chlordane toxicity. 731 25

A histochemical investigation has been made to localize and characterize various lipid, protein, carbohydrate and enzyme constituents present within the different cell types of the epidermis of Anabas testudineus. The polygonal cells contain glycogen, the amount of which gradually increases as the cells move towards the surface until they reach the most superficial layer where the amount of glycogen slightly decreases indicating the metabolically active state of these cells. The basal cells, which frequently undergo cell proliferation, contain no glycogen. The polygonal cells give strong reactions for SDH, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol esters and nonsulphated acid mucopolysaccharides, moderate reactions for acidic lipids, phospholipids and free cholesterol and weak reactions for neutral mucopolysaccharides, protein bound NH2 groups, mucoprotein, tyrosine, tryptophan and cysteine bound sulphydryl groups. These cells in the outermost layer give stronger reactions for acidic lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol esters and weaker reactions for SDH and alkaline phosphatase activities. The above findings reveal that the polygonal cells remain metabolically active throughout the epidermis. The mucous cells are numerous and secrete mixture of neutral mucopolysaccharides, sulphated acid mucopolysaccharides and nonsulphated acid mucopolysaccharides. The contents of the sacciform granulated cels are mainly proteins. A thick coat of slime over the body surface containing mucopolysaccharides, lipids and proteins is important in keeping the skin moist and may facilitate the survival of the fish while it is on land. The melanophores in the epidermis may playing important role in preventing the colinization by parasites, fungi and bacteria over the body surface, act as macrophages.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the epidermis of the climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Anabantidae, Pisces). 742 82

We investigated the determinants of bone formation at individual remodeling sites (BMUs) in cancellous bone from 8 osteologically normal, sex hormone-replete women with endometriosis. All were tetracycline double-labeled (2, 12, 2, and 4 day regime) before iliac bone biopsy. At each BMU the mineral apposition rate (MAR) was determined conventionally from the distance between label midpoints (MAR 1) and also from the distance between the mineralization front and the trailing edge of the second label (MAR 2). MAR 1 and 2 were compared with within-BMU measurements of osteoid width (O.Wi) and the activities of osteoblastic alkaline phosphatase (AP) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH, an enzyme in the Krebs cycle), both quantitated by microdensitometry. A total of 143 BMUs were evaluated, of which 88 were satisfactory for all measurements and 132 were satisfactory for all but SDH. There was a weak correlation (r = 0.34) between MAR 1 and 2 at individual sites, with a mean difference of 0.49 micron/day (mean MAR 0.82 micron/day). The mean MAR of individual subjects tended to be either increasing or decreasing (F = 16.1, p < 0.01). In linear regressions, MAR 2 was statistically dependent on O.Wi, AP, and SDH (73% of the variance accounted for). In contrast, MAR 1 was weakly correlated with O.Wi and only 30% of its variance was accounted for by AP, SDH, and O.Wi. The variance in the MAR 2 data was inversely increased (p < 0.01) compared with MAR 1 as the number of days of bone formation represented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fluctuation of mineral apposition rate at individual bone-remodeling sites in human iliac cancellous bone: independent correlations with osteoid width and osteoblastic alkaline phosphatase activity. 786 18

The effect of the ethanol extract of the rhizome of Zingiber officinale was tested against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) and acetaminophen-induced liver toxicities in rats. Increases in serum and liver marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase as well as sorbitol and glutamate dehydrogenases were produced in normal rats that were not pretreated with the extract. However, extract-pretreated rats attenuated in a dose-dependent manner, CCl(4) and acetaminophen-induced increases in the activities of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and SDH in the blood serum. The protective effect of the extract on CCl(4) and acetaminophen-induced damage was confirmed by histopathological examination of the liver. These results indicate that the oil from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale could be useful in preventing chemically induced acute liver injury.
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PMID:Protective effects of Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae) against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. 1694 9


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