Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to improve the non aggressive diagnosis of hepatic metastasis from digestive neoplasm, the authors analyzed the following biological parameters: aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and lacticodehydrogenase isoenzymes, gammaglutamyl-transpeptidase, conjugated and total bilirubin, C-reactive protein, type A, G, M immunoglobulins, C3 complement factor, alpha-1 acidic glycoprotein (orosomucoid), haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, prealbumin, ferritin. This work included 54 patients with digestive tract cancer (esophageal, gastric, colic, rectal, anal localizations), divided in two groups: M- (n = 27), without hepatic metastasis), and M+ (n = 27, with histological confirmed hepatic metastasis). The Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences for 12 parameters between the 2 groups. With more than 60% sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), according to the ROC curves, the following parameters can be selected: Total alkaline phosphatase (Se 89%, Sp 70%) and their macromolecular H2 fraction, lacticodehydrogenase fraction 4 (Se 63%, Sp 63%), gammaglutamyl-transpeptidase (Se 85%, Sp 82%), ceruloplasmin (Se 64%, Sp 65%), aspartate-aminotransferase determination (Se 63%, Sp 65%).
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PMID:[Detection of liver metastases from digestive cancer. Value of alkaline phosphatases, their macromolecular isoenzyme and of ceruloplasmin]. 923 22

The stage of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is important to define precisely as far as it is directly related to the type of treatment used. The beginning of the neurological involvement is difficult to find out because there is no known specific clinical or biological sign. This study is trying to look for a precise marker and has been realized in Congo. 70 subjects with parasitologically confirmed HAT and 70 controls are included. The stage of HAT is determined according to the classical definition on the field using the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count: less than 5 cells/microliters for the first stage (P1), more than 5 cells/microliters for the second stage (P2). The blood analysis has included: glucose, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, phosphorus, uric acid, total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, immunoglobulins M and G, C3c fraction of complement, transferrin, seromucoid alpha 1, haptoglobin and albumin. In CSF we have analyzed IgM, IgG, protein levels and the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) impairment. The comparison between the subjects and their controls, the subjects in P1 and in P2, the CSF cell count and the other CSF alterations show the interest of the IgM level in CSF and the BBB impairment to identify subjects in P2. However there is a low gradation in the biological disturbances and not a precise threshold point. Nevertheless it seems reasonable to raise the CSF cell count level to 20 cells/microliters to define the beginning of the nervous involvement.
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PMID:[Contribution of biochemical tests in the diagnosis of the nervous phase of human African trypanosomiasis]. 950 61

The pathogenicity in 7-week-old pigs to five different Toxoplasma gondii strains of various host species origin was compared after i.v. inoculation of 10(4) tachyzoites. Additionally, one group of pigs was inoculated i.v. with 10(6) tachyzoites of the reference strain, SSI 119. In response to the infection a significant effect of T. gondii tachyzoite inoculation dose as well as differences among strains could be observed in several parameters. The 10(6)-dose inoculated pigs showed variable degrees of clinical illness and recurrent episodes of fever 4-17 days p.i., while pigs of four of the 10(4) tachyzoite inoculated groups experienced a short-lived rise in body temperature from day 6-8 p.i. without any apparent illness or inappetence. Control pigs and pigs infected with the least pathogenic strain had normal body temperature throughout the experiment. In all inoculated pigs, T. gondii-specific IgM and IgG antibodies appeared from day 8-10 and 10-17 p.i., respectively. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and the acute phase protein haptoglobin were decreased or increased, respectively, in response to the infection. Differential leukocyte count on peripheral blood revealed a significant lymphocytopenia on day 6 p.i. equal to both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, but shifting towards a reduced ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells from day 8-14 p.i. In the 10(6)-dose inoculated pigs a considerable increase in zymosan induced and spontaneous oxidative burst capacity of peripheral blood leukocytes was observed from 6 days p.i. compared with control pigs. Oxidative burst capacity was not examined for other pigs. In conclusion, several useful parameters to identify differences in T. gondii pathogenicity other than mortality were identified. Furthermore, even at low doses, significant differences between recently collected Danish T. gondii field isolates were demonstrated after i.v. inoculation in young pigs.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of selected Toxoplasma gondii isolates in young pigs. 1057 80

Tamoxifen is widely used as an adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. To correctly interpret laboratory test results during tamoxifen treatment, clinicians should be aware of the possible effects of the drug on laboratory tests. This study investigated the effects on serum hormones, proteins, lipids and common biochemistry in seven postmenopausal women with breast cancer during 3 months after initiating the therapy. Statistically significant decreases occurred in serum gonadotropins, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, total protein, prealbumin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, immunoglobin M and total cholesterol whilst significant increases occurred in serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), cortisol, parathyroid hormone, aspartate aminotransferase, urate, alpha-1-antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin. The alterations could result from tamoxifen therapy, radiation or changes in lifestyle. All the changes, apart from serum urate, remained within the reference limits. In addition, only serum gonadotropins, SHBG, urate and cholesterol showed clinically significant changes. Alterations in the other laboratory tests are unlikely to disturb diagnoses based on laboratory test results during tamoxifen therapy.
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PMID:Early effects of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy on serum hormones, proteins and lipids. 1081 Apr 43

An increasing number of women is treated with adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil therapy for breast cancer. The effects of the chemotherapy on many laboratory tests are, however, inadequately known. This study investigates the effects of the treatment on various laboratory tests. Fifteen premenopausal women receiving adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy and optional radiotherapy were included in the study. Common hormonal, biochemical, hematological, protein and lipid laboratory tests were taken serially during a 10-month follow-up. Twelve women became amenorrheic. Their serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone concentrations increased accordingly. Other serum hormones (testosterone, androstenedione, sex hormone-binding globulin, prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, cortisol, parathyroid hormone and thyroid hormones) changed only slightly. Hemoglobin concentration and white blood cell count decreased slightly. Serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, amylase, glucose, potassium, phosphate, urea and triglycerides concentrations increased slightly whereas serum bilirubin, haptoglobin, and immunoglobulin A and M decreased slightly. Serum alpha1-antitrypsin fluctuated around the baseline concentration. Other test results remained at their pretreatment concentrations. With the exception of increases in serum gonadotrophins, the changes observed were slight and the mean concentrations remained within reference limits. Therefore, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil adjuvant treatment is unlikely to complicate the diagnosis of other diseases.
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PMID:Alterations in laboratory test results during adjuvant breast cancer treatment. 1095 29

Intestinal epithelial cells participate in an acute phase response (APR) by responding to cytokines and by expressing acute phase protein genes. We hypothesized that butyrate, a fermentation product of the bacterial intestinal flora with deacetylase activity, affects the APR in intestinal epithelial cells. Sodium butyrate (NaBu) and Trichostatin A (TSA) induced alkaline phosphatase activity and histone H4 acetylation in IEC-6 rat intestinal epithelial cells treated with or without interleukin-1beta (IL-1). In contrast, both NaBu and TSA attenuated the IL-1-dependent induction of the acute phase protein gene haptoglobin, as well as C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta transcription factors mRNAs. Gel shift and supershift assays showed a strong decrease in the IL-1-induced C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta containing complexes binding to the HaptoA C/EBP DNA-binding site of the haptoglobin promoter, by NaBu and TSA. Furthermore, site-specific mutation of the HaptoA site abolished the NaBu- and TSA-dependent inhibition of haptoglobin, as determined by transient transfection assays. These results suggest that deacetylase inhibitors may regulate the IL-1 dependent induction of haptoglobin by down-regulating C/EBP isoforms, and that C/EBPs represent a target for the action of butyrate in the control of the APR of intestinal epithelial cells.
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PMID:Inhibition by deacetylase inhibitors of IL-1-dependent induction of haptoglobin involves CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein isoforms in intestinal epithelial cells. 1102 30

Fourteen calves were used to investigate the changes from birth to 83 days of age in the concentrations of serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, beta-hydroxybutyrate, plasma cortisol, serum creatine kinase, creatinine, iron, plasma fibrinogen, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase, plasma glucose, haptoglobin, serum non-esterified fatty acids, total protein, transferrin, triglycerides, urea and gamma globulin; the haematological variables measured were: basophils, eosinophils, haematocrit, haemoglobin, lymphocytes, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, monocytes, band neutrophils, neutrophils, platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells. The changes are presented as a series of graphs and the values are discussed in relation to the published reference ranges for adult cattle. Two populations of calves were identified which gave rise to a bimodal distribution for some of the variables. Differences in haematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cell counts were apparent at birth, with raised values for these measurements being associated with an increased white blood cell and neutrophil count between three and 27 days of age.
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PMID:Changes in the blood biochemical and haematological profile of neonatal calves with age. 1111 Apr 79

Investigations in Prince William Sound (Alaska, USA) following the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) revealed that river otters (Lontra canadensis) on oiled shores had lower body mass and elevated values of biomarkers, than did otters living on nonoiled shores. In addition, otters from oiled areas selected different habitats, had larger home ranges, and less diverse diets than animals living in nonoiled areas. These differences between river otters from oiled shores and those from nonoiled areas strongly suggested that oil contamination had an effect on physiological and behavioral responses of otters. In this study, we explored the effects of crude oil contamination on river otters experimentally. We hypothesized that exposure to oil would result in elevated values of biomarkers, indicating induced physiological stress. Fifteen wild-caught male river otters were exposed to two levels of weathered crude oil (i.e., control, 5 ppm/day/kg body mass, and 50 ppm/day/kg body mass) under controlled conditions in captivity at the Alaska Sealife Center in Seward (Alaska, USA). Responses of captive river otters to oil ingestion provided mixed results in relation to our hypotheses. Although hemoglobin (Hb, and associated red blood cells) and white blood cells, and possibly interleukin-6 immunoreactive responded in the expected manner, other parameters did not. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and haptoglobin (Hp), did not increase in response to oiling or decreased during rehabilitation. Conversely, principle-component analysis identified values of alkaline phosphatase as responding to oil ingestion in river otters. Our results suggested that opposing processes were concurring in the oiled otters. Elevated production of Hp in response to tissue damage by hydrocarbons likely occurred at the same time with increased removal of Hp-Hb complex from the serum, producing an undetermined pattern in the secretion of Hp. Thus, the use of individual biomarkers as indicators of exposure to pollutants may lead to erroneous conclusions because interactions in vivo can be complicated and act in opposite directions. Additionally, the biomarkers used in investigating effects of oiling on live animals usually are related to the heme molecule. Because of the opposing processes that may occur within an animal, data from a suite of heme-related biomarkers may produce results that are difficult to interpret. Therefore, we advocate the exploration and development of other biomarkers that will be independent from the heme cycle and provide additional information to the effect of oiling on live mammals.
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PMID:Biomarker responses in river otters experimentally exposed to oil contamination. 1150 23

Reference values have been established for serum biochemical parameters in sows from high producing pig herds. In total, 132 clinically healthy sows from eight breeding herds were serially sampled three weeks and one week before farrowing, and at one week and three weeks after farrowing. Fourteen serum biochemical parameters, focusing mainly on energy and protein metabolism, hepatobiliary and kidney function and inflammation, were investigated. The reproductive state significantly influenced the investigated parameters, other than for urea and non-esterified fatty acids. First parity sows showed higher concentrations of gamma-glutamyltransferase, phosphorus and haptoglobin, and higher albumin/globulin and haptoglobin/albumin ratios compared to sows with 2 parities. The concentrations of creatinine, globulin and total protein however were lower in first parity sows. Between-herd variations were especially high (>50%) for gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and non-esterified fatty acids. Serum biochemical parameters constitute an important diagnostic tool to assess the health status of sows, but to interpret the outcome properly, it is important to consider reproductive state and parity.
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PMID:Serum biochemical reference values for gestating and lactating sows. 1672 63

Effect of Calendula officinalis flower extract was investigated against experimentally induced thermal burns in rats. Burn injury was made on the shaven back of the rats under anesthesia and the animals were treated orally with different doses of the flower extract (20 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg/kg body weight). The animals treated with the extract showed significant improvement in healing when compared with the control untreated animals. The indicators of the wound healing such as collagen-hydroxyproline and hexosamine contents were significantly increased in the treated group indicating accelerated wound healing in the treated animals. The acute phase proteins-haptoglobin and orosomucoid which were increased due to burn injury were found to be decreased significantly in 200 mg/kg body weight extract treated animals. The antioxidant defense mechanism, which was decreased in the liver during burn injury, was found to be enhanced in treated animals. The lipid peroxidation was significantly lowered in the treated group when compared to control animals. Tissue damage marker enzymes- alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate transaminases were significantly lowered in the treated groups in a dose dependant manner. The histopathological analyses of skin tissue also give the evidence of the increased healing potential of the extract after burn injury.
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PMID:Effect of Calendula officinalis Flower Extract on Acute Phase Proteins, Antioxidant Defense Mechanism and Granuloma Formation During Thermal Burns. 1881 37


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