Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The detection of haptoglobin (Hp) from serum and bloodstains is utilized extensively in forensic science laboratories in order to include or exclude possible donors. There is an increasing need to make the same discriminations utilizing genetic markers from urine samples. This paper describes the use of enzyme immunoassay and Western blotting (electrophoretic) techniques to determine Hp phenotypes from concentrated urine samples. Serum and urine specimens were collected from volunteer donors. The serum sample from each donor was typed for Hp. The urine specimens were concentrated 3000-fold from the starting volume of 15 mL to a final volume of 5 microL and applied to the gradient polyacrylamide gels. This procedure allows the separation of Hp samples into the three common phenotypes as well as the other rare variants found in humans. The Western blotting electrophoretic technique was used to achieve the transfer of Hp bands from the gels to the nitrocellulose membranes. Enzyme immunoassay with goat anti-Hp antiserum and rabbit anti-goat immunoglobulin alkaline phosphatase conjugate were used to identify the Hp bands from the concentrated samples. Specimens stored for six months at -22 degrees C were also concentrated and typed successfully. Recent implementation of drug-screening policies has resulted in an increase in the submission of substituted urine specimens. The above procedure can be used to detect an additional genetic marker from urine samples and thus facilitate the identity of the donor.
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PMID:Detection of haptoglobin from concentrated urine samples by enzyme immunoassay. 195 43

Clinical and laboratory studies have confirmed the efficacy of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCH) as tumor markers in the diagnosis, monitoring and assessment of prognosis in cases of testicular tumor. Serum AFP level is positive in 75% of yolk sac tumors, 70% of embryonal carcinomas and 62% of teratomas. All cases of choriocarcinoma show elevated serum hCG. In the treatment of prostatic cancer, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostatic-specific antigen (PA) and gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) are important serum markers, and the RIA method has improved their specificity and sensitivity. These markers are also correlated well with therapeutic efficacy. Especially, improvement of the serum PAP level in patients with stage C and D cancer indicates prolongation of survival time. Over 90% of the metastatic lesions of prostatic cancer are encountered in the skeletal system. Thus, serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline are considered to be useful markers for indicating bone involvement. In other urological malignancies, there are no specific tumor markers. As non-specific markers for renal cell carcinoma, ESR, LDH, CEA, alpha 2-globulin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen and various hormones have been investigated. In the treatment of bladder cancer, it is important to distinguish the malignant potential of the tumor. From this viewpoint, various immunohistochemical investigations and flow cytometric analysis are now in progress. It is expected that some of the findings of the studies could prove to be of clinical use in the near future.
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PMID:[Significance of tumor markers in the treatment of urological malignancies]. 244 94

Sodium selenite was administered to the rats bearing subcutaneously transplanted adenocarcinoma. The following determinations were carried out in serum: gamma-glutamyl transferase, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and its placental isoform, haptoglobin, protein- and lipid-bound sialic acid. Changes observed in catalytic activities and concentrations of the examined parameters could be ascribed rather to the presence of the tumor than to the effect of the selenium treatment.
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PMID:Enzymes and acute phase reactants in serum of selenium treated rats bearing adenocarcinoma. 245 7

The genetic structure of two Chukot Evens subpopulations (314 individuals) for electrophoretic protein systems and taste sensitivity to PTC was studied. 17 of the 39 loci were polymorphic (43.59%). The following systems were completely monomorphic: diaphorase NAD H (Dia); glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD); glutamatoxalate transaminase (GOT); carbonic anhydrase (Ca-1); catalase (Ct), lactate dehydrogenase (loci LDH-A and LDH-B); leucine aminopeptidase (Lap); malate dehydrogenase (MDH); purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP); superoxide phosphorylase (PNP); superoxide dismutase (SOD); phosphoglucomutase-2 (PGM2); cholinesterase (locus E1); red cell esterase (4 loci); albumin (Alb); hemoglobin (Hb A and B); ceruloplasmin (Cp); and blood, gren, using the standard method. The following systems were polymorphic: red cell acid phosphatase (AcP); phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1); 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD); glutamatepyruvate transaminase (GPT); glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1); esterase (EsD); adenilatkinase (AK); alkaline phosphatase (Pp); cholinesterase (locus E2); haptoglobin (Hp); transferrin (Tf); group-specific component (Gc) and ABO, MN, Lewis, P blood groups and taste sensitivity to PTC. The following allele frequencies for polymorphic loci have been detected: AKI = 0.994; GLO = 1I = 0.082; GPT1 = 0.653; AcPA = 0.400; AcPB = 0.599; AcPC = 0.001; PGDA = 0.944; PGM1(1) = 0.906; EsD1 = 0.897; E2+ = 0.048; HpI = 0.394; GcI = 0,919; Tfc = 0.987; r(O) = 0.669; p(A) = 0.184; q(B) = 0.146; M = 0.711; Le = 0.411; P1+ = 0.521; t = 0.295. The genetic structure of Chukot Evens population is significantly nearer to that of the other ethnic groups of the North-East, in comparison with the genetic structure of Evenks of the Middle Siberia.
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PMID:[Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants in the northeastern USSR. V. The Chukot Evens]. 293 99

The serum concentrations of neuraminic acid, CEA, gamma-Gt, 5-nucleotidase, haptoglobin, and alkaline phosphatase were determined before therapy and three and six months after the initiation of therapy in 42 patients with small cell bronchial carcinomas. Before therapy, a significantly increased serum concentration as compared to normal values was found for neuraminic acid in 97% of patients (43/44), for CEA in 54.7% (23/42), for gamma-Gt in 19% (8/42), for 5-nucleotidase in 11.9% (5/42), for haptoglobin in 36.3% (14/44), and for alkaline phosphatase in 9.5% of all patients (4/42). Three and six months later, these laboratory investigations did not give any valuable hint with respect to therapy results, with the exception of neuraminic acid (p less than 0.05). Prior to therapy, the concentrations of neuraminic acid were considerably increased in patients (mean = 3.16 +/- 0.47 mumol/ml) with regard to normal values (mean = 1.90 +/- 0.14 mumol/ml). Within the total group of 42 patients suffering from small cell bronchial carcinomas, there was no significant difference between the serum concentrations of neuraminic acid of eleven patients with localized tumors (mean = 3.12 +/- 0.53) and those of 31 advanced tumor patients (mean = 3.16 +/- 0.45) (p less than 0.05). During the six months' treatment period, the concentration of neuraminic acid was valuable as clinical parameter in 36 patients, i.e. 85% of all cases (0.001 less than p less than 0.01). It was shown that the serum concentration of neuraminic acid indicated a regression of the disease in 23 patients (p less than 0.001), a progression in 8 patients (0.02 less than p less than 0.05), and a regression with subsequent progression of the tumor in 5 patients (0.001 less than p less than 0.01).
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PMID:[Value of neuraminic acid as a clinical parameter in 42 patients with small-cell bronchial cancer]. 302 12

A series of 150 patients with serum hepatitis were examined for the incidence of the Australia antigen (HBsAg) and associations with ABO blood groups, haptoglobin types and occurrence of intestinal serum alkaline phosphatase. Among the patients studied 11.3% were positive for HBsAg. When compared to controls patients with blood group O showed a significantly increased risk for serum hepatitis (p less than 0.05), while those with group B showed a decreased risk (p less than 0.01). The presence of the intestinal fraction of alkaline phosphatase showed a negative association with serum hepatitis (p less than 0.01) and there was no significant association between alkaline phosphatase types and ABO groups among the patients. The frequency of the Hp1 gene was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) among the patients as compared to controls.
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PMID:ABO blood groups, intestinal alkaline phosphatase and haptoglobin types in patients with serum hepatitis. 324 77

The protease-antiprotease balance and concentration of immunoglobulin was evaluated in some respiratory tract diseases. Analysis was carried out on 24 patients with atopic bronchial asthma, 21 with chronic bronchitis, 27 with bronchiectasis and 18 healthy smokers volunteers. In examination of BAL fluid some selective changes of proteolytic enzymes activities and concentrations of their natural inhibitors were documented. In atopic bronchial asthma the increased activity of acid protease, acid phosphatase and concentration of alpha-2-macroglobulin was the most characteristic. In chronic bronchitis there was an increase of acid protease, alkaline phosphatase and concentration of alpha-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, but in bronchiectasis the increase of neutral and acid proteases activities and concentration of all examined natural inhibitors was noted. The changes in concentration of IgA and IgG confirmed their participation in local defense response. All examined BAL enzyme activities and concentrations of inhibitors and immunoglobulins were compared with the results of the parameters in serum, mentioned above. The obtained finding supports the suggestion that the proteolytic enzymes, their natural inhibitors and immunoglobulins play an important role in the respiratory tract pathology. Immunobiochemical analysis of BAL in atopic bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis may be useful for clinical prognosis and pharmacological treatment.
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PMID:Immunobiochemical evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in atopic bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. 331 50

The synthetic factor based on determinations of 10 parameters in sera of patients with ovarian carcinoma, was constructed. The factor was found to be useful in evaluation of the effectiveness of the cytotoxic treatment and in indication of the recurrence of the malignancy. Reduction of the number of biochemical markers to five (haptoglobin, seromucoid, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase), according to significance of particular markers in the laboratory diagnostics of ovarian cancer did not affect the diagnostic sensitivity of the synthetic factor.
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PMID:Synthetic factor for evaluation of the effectiveness of the therapy in ovarian carcinoma. 345 51

A study of the IgA levels in 43 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and 8 gastric ulcer (GU) patients and their comparison with healthy controls reveals significantly elevated levels of IgA in DU and somewhat lower levels in GU. The levels were also associated with the genotypes of the patients for genetic markers such as ABO blood group, ABH sectetor status, haptoglobin, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme. Nutritional factors, such as vegetarianism, chili consumption, and habits such as smoking and alcoholism also showed variation in the IgA levels. These results indicate the response and role of IgA in the immunological mechanisms involving mucosal protection and autoimmunity in ulceration processes in the stomach.
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PMID:Serum levels of IgA in peptic ulcers. 360 96

The genetic structure of three Asiatic eskimos subpopulations (402 individuals), five coast chuckchies subpopulations (1793 individuals) and three reindeer chuckchies subpopulations (559 individuals) have been studied for 26 electrophoretic protein systems (33 loci). These are: adenilate-kinase (AK), diaphorase NAD X H (Dia), glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (6GPT), glutamatpyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamicoxalate transaminase (GOT), carbonic anhydrase-1 (Ca-1), catalase (Ct), acid phosphatase (AcP), lactate dehydrogenase (loci LDH-A and LDH-B), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap), malatedehydrogenase (MDH), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), superoxide dismutase (Sod), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase (loci PGM1 and PGM2), cholinesterase (loci c1--c5), alkaline phosphatase (Pp), esterase D (EsD), red cell esterase (Est) - 4 loci, albumin (Alb), haptoglobin (Hp), hemoglobine (Hb A and B), group-specific component (Gc), transferrin (Tf), ceruloplasmin (Cp). In addition, AB0 and Rh system blood groups and phenyl thiocarbamide taste sensitivity (PTC) have been studied. 12 of 36 loci are polymorphic (33.33%), heterozygosity for all loci in eskimos, coastal and reindeer chuckchies being 0.118 +/- 0.005, 0.130 +/- 0.002 and 0.120 +/- 0.004, respectively. These estimates do not differ essentially from heterozygosity at these loci for mongoloid groups living further south. The test for interpopulation heterogeneity has permitted to estimate contribution of the loci to the differentiation of these populations. The least heterogeneity has been found at loci where gene frequency distribution is the most specific for these ethnic groups.
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PMID:[Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants in the northeastern USSR. III. Asiatic Eskimos and the coast and reindeer Chukchi]. 643 3


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