Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The brush border of normal small-intestine epithelial cells is rich in enzymes that are involved in the digestive process. Such molecules can be used as markers to analyze cell lineages and differentiation properties of colorectal cancers. Monoclonal antibodies detecting dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, aminopeptidase N, endopeptidase F, sucrase-isomaltase, alkaline phosphatase, maltase-glucoamylase and lactase have been used to analyze the phenotype of colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa and histologically normal distant mucosa. The avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method was used. Expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, aminopeptidase N, sucrase-isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase was common in non-neoplastic mucosa adjacent to, and distant from, the tumor; in contrast, endopeptidase F, maltase-glucoamylase and lactase were rarely expressed in normal distant mucosa and more frequently expressed in mucosa adjacent to the tumor. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, aminopeptidase N, endopeptidase F, sucrase-isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase were frequently expressed in colorectal cancers, whereas maltase-glucoamylase and lactase were rarely expressed. Two general patterns of antibody reactivity were observed: diffuse cytoplasmic and apical; apical reactivity was generally associated with more differentiated tumors. A logistic predictive regression model indicated that enzyme expression in colorectal cancers followed a coordinate pattern, but was unrelated to the location of the tumor, Dukes stage or differentiation grade. In conclusion, expression of brush-border-associated enzymes occurs frequently in colorectal cancers and is regulated in a co-ordinated manner. These markers can be used for the phenotypic sub-classification of colorectal cancers.
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PMID:Intestinal brush-border-associated enzymes: co-ordinated expression in colorectal cancer. 134 6

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) scores in peripheral blood, and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined in 122 colorectal cancer patients, and compared to 30 healthy persons, who served as controls. Both markers are gradually elevated according to the severity of tumor penetration. LAP scores in Dukes'C and D (157 +/- 79) were significantly higher than in Dukes'A, B1 and B2 (81 +/- 43), p less than 0.001. CEA levels were also higher in Dukes'C and D (50 +/- 95) than in patients with Dukes'A, B1 and B2 (25 +/- 54), p less than 0.07, but less significantly. The LAP score has at least the same reliability as the CEA values as a marker of stage in colorectal cancer patients.
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PMID:Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer patients (usefulness in the assessment of the stage). 199 36

The incidence of synchronous and metachronous liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer is extremely high. Approximately 25 per cent of patients will have overt liver metastases at the time of presentation, and in the remainder up to 40 per cent will eventually develop liver metastases. In an attempt to obtain a prognostic index for the prediction of those patients most likely to develop liver metastases, 134 patients with primary colorectal cancer but without overt liver metastases at initial presentation were followed up for between 5-10 years. Regular liver scans were performed and the presence of liver metastases observed. A total of 47 patients developed liver metastases. Those preoperative variables related to the subsequent development of liver metastases were sex, log10 serum alkaline phosphatase level and Dukes' classification. A prognostic index using these parameters has been calculated.
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PMID:Prognostic index for the development of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer. 235 30

From April 1975 to January 1982, 97 patients with greater than or equal to 50% of the liver involved with metastasis from colorectal carcinoma underwent hepatic artery ligation. The purpose was to evaluate median survival times in relation to performance status, synchronous intraabdominal metastasis, pulmonary metastasis, liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin, and Dukes' staging. Results reveal that for performance status 0 to 1 (normal or symptoms, but ambulatory), median survival time was 12.3 months; status 2 to 3 (in bed less than or greater than 50% of time), 8.3 months; status 4 (100% bedridden), 2.6 months, (P less than 0.01). Median survival time in patients with only intrahepatic metastasis was 10 months versus 7 months for synchronous intraabdominal metastasis (P less than 0.01). For 20 patients with pulmonary metastasis undergoing hepatic artery ligation, the median survival time was 8.8 months (P less than 0.05). The median survival time in patients whose alkaline phosphatase was 2 times normal was 12.4 months, whereas, if alkaline phosphatase was 2 times to 4 times or greater than 4 times normal, median survival times were 7.1 and 6.9 months, respectively (P less than 0.01). Factors that adversely affect survival for hepatic artery ligation are extrahepatic metastasis, poor performance status, and elevated liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase 2 times normal). The overall median survival time in this study is 9.5 months with certain subgroups achieving 12.4 months' survival.
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PMID:Hepatic artery ligation for liver metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. 669 23

Two hundred and eighty-three patients were observed for a minimum of 38 months after undergoing resection of Dukes' B2, C1 or C2 classification for carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Cumulative recurrence rates were higher in patients with elevated preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Site specific recurrence rates revealed a lower incidence of metastases to the liver in patients with elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase levels. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase values in patients with carcinoma of the colon may reflect hepatic metastases, but when metastases to the liver are not detected at laparotomy, patients with elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase are at no greater risk of having metastases to the liver develop than patients with normal levels.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels preoperatively in patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. 672 78

A large series of samples obtained after surgical resection of intestinal mucosa of patients affected by intestinal carcinoma was examined in order to define possible relationships between levels of enzymes involved in the purine salvage pathway and clinical/biological parameters of aggressiveness and invasiveness. The results confirm our previous observation on a different pattern of purine salvage enzymes in tumor as compared to normal colon tissues (Camici et al., 1990). In fact, we observed in human colon tumor tissues a significant enhancement of the three enzymes involved in the synthesis of IMP, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). On the other hand, no variation was observed in the 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase activities. While we could not find a significant correlation between HGPRT, ADA and PNP activities and histologic grading or biological parameters of tumor aggressiveness, the significant correlation with the extent of disease, as expressed by the Dukes' stage, would demonstrate at least for human colon tumors, a relationship between enzyme activity and tumor invasiveness.
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PMID:Relationship between the levels of purine salvage pathway enzymes and clinical/biological aggressiveness of human colon carcinoma. 779 89