Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rats and hamsters were fed ETU at levels of 0, 5, 17, 60, 200 mg/kg in the diet. Body weights, food consumption, seric enzyme activities (GPT, alkaline phosphatase), hepatic enzyme activities (GPT, alkaline phosphatase G6PDH), cholesterolemia, thyroid weight and others organs, histology were the criteria studied. ETU was found causing hypercholesterolemia for the 2 species at 5 mg/kg dietary levels. Thyroid impairement is predominant in rat and hepatic impairment is predominant in hamster. ETU was found to be not carcinogenic for hamsters even at 200 mg/kg level and carcinogenic for rats at 60 mg/kg level for males and 200 mg/kg level for females.
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PMID:[Difference in the sensitivity of the hamster and the rat to the effects of long-term administration of ethylenethiourea]. 100 99

In order to clarify whether hemodialysis treatment accelerates atherosclerosis, forty-two patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis were investigated. Because it is non-invasive and repeatable, aortic calcification on chest-XP was used as an index of atherosclerosis. No patients had evidence of calcified atherosclerosis at the start of hemodialysis therapy. The patients were divided into three groups according to vascular changes. Group 1 (20 patients) showed no calcification during the observation period. Group 2 (11 patients) had mild or moderate aortic calcification (thin linear aortic calcification). In group 3 (11 patients), massive and severe calcification was accelerated by hemodialysis. 18 parameters which might be considered to promote atherosclerosis were evaluated in each group. The age in group 3 was 53.8 +/- 10.4 (mean +/- standard deviation) years, which was older than the 42.1 +/- 12.6 year age in group 1 (p less than 0.025). Duration of dialysis in group 3 was 121.9 +/- 30.5 months, which was significantly longer than the 82.0 +/- 31.0 months in group 2 (p less than 0.01) and the 77.3 +/- 55.3 months in group 1 (p less than 0.025). Serum HDL-cholesterol levels in groups 2 (23.0 +/- 4.5 mg/dl) and 3 (20.9 +/- 6.6 mg/dl) were significantly lower than the 28.6 +/- 8.3 mg/dl in group 1, (p less than 0.025 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Serum parathormone-C level in group 3 was 14.7 +/- 8.6 ng/ml, which was significantly higher than the 6.1 +/- 6.0 ng/ml level in group 1 (p less than 0.01) and the 5.0 +/- 7.8 ng/ml level in group 2 (p less than 0.025). In discriminant analysis, age, duration of dialysis, hematocrit, serum HDL-cholesterol, parathormone-C, and alkaline phosphatase level were the independent factors used to distinguish the three groups. These findings suggest that 1) aging is a basal factor in the promotion of atherosclerosis, 2) hypo-HDL cholesterolemia is a major factor in the early phase of atherosclerosis, 3) hyperparathyroidism could have an important role in the late phase of atherosclerosis, 4) dialysis itself might promote atherosclerosis directly, and 5) blood pressure level is not major factor for atherosclerosis over a long observation period, at least in our study.
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PMID:Study on the atherosclerosis mechanism in chronic hemodialysis. 366 70

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relationships among the increase of serum bile acids (SBA) and other common liver function tests in subjects with liver cirrhosis. Our results show that SBA levels are well-correlated with the seriousness of the disease (classified according to Child's criteria), and with the presence of ascites, of oesophageal varices, of hepatic encephalopathy and with the gamma-globulin level. SBA also appear to be well-correlated with total bilirubinemia, and, at a lower extent, with cholesterolemia and albuminemia; no significant linear correlation was found among SBA and cholestasis (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase) or cytolysis (transaminases) indexes. In conclusion, the SBA increase in liver cirrhosis without evidence of cholestasis (as in our patients) seems to be related to liver cell reuptake disturbances and to the presence of porto-systemic shunts, with consequent alterations in entero-hepatic bile salt recirculation.
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PMID:[Serum bile acids in cirrhosis: correlation with liver function parameters and with the severity of the disease]. 367 66

The activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDG), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was assessed in 53 patients with psoriasis (PS), 24 PS patients with affected kidneys, 50 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus(DM). Enhanced activity of the enzymes occurred not only in nephropathy patients but also in those without proteinuria. AP and NAG were more active in PS, while LDG and NAG in DM. Both in PS and DM, NAG activity rose 3-4-fold compared to control. A direct correlation was found between enzymuria and uremia, glycemia (in hyperglycemia only) and cholesterolemia. An inverse relationship existed between enzymuria and uricosuria. The above changes in enzymic activity are attributed to impairment of tubules of the kidney induced by PS and DM. Diagnostic significance of enzymuria as a marker of early tubular involvement is confirmed by investigations of renal biopsies.
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PMID:[Urinary enzymes in the assessment of the early stage of kidney involvement in psoriasis and diabetes mellitus]. 877 18

Having developed a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) syndrome model in the rabbit using Wirsung duct ligation, it appeared interesting to use it to study the relationship between glycemia and the plasma levels of TXA(2)and PGI(2), and of some other biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase and transaminases. A comparative study was carried out in the sham-operated rabbits (controls, C) and those having their pancreatic duct ligatured (NIDDM, D) at 15, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days post-ligation. On the 40th days, whereas in the controls, glycemia was 1.17 +/- 0.04 g.l(-1), it reached a maximum of 4.62 +/- 0.76 g.l(-1)(25.40 mM) in the NIDDMs. No significant modification was observed either in cholesterolemia or in triglyceridemia in either group. The GOT and GPT were highly increased, from 11.50 +/- 4.00 IU. l(-1)and 27.00 +/- 1.50 IU.l(-1)(C) to 37.50 +/- 5.64 IU.l(-1)(P<0. 001) and 58.50 +/- 7.50 IU.l(-1)(D) (P<0.001) in the NIDDM group, suggesting that hyperglycemia occurred simultaneously with the degeneration of the pancreatic tissue. In parallel, in D rabbits, the plasma levels of TXB(2)and 6 keto PGF(1alpha)were augmented to 68.22 +/- 6.20 pg.ml(-1)versus 22.49 +/- 5.74 pg.ml(-1)(C) (P<0.001), and 127.11 +/- 14.39 pg.ml(-1)versus 48.65 +/- 4.51 pg.ml(-1)(C) (P<0. 001) respectively. Statistical studies showed a significant correlation (P<0.05 and <0.02) between glycemia and the biosynthesis of eicosanoids under study. Moreover, 25 mM was found to be the threshold level of glucose excess essential to increase the TXA(2)and PGI(2)biosynthesis significantly. This supports the results obtained by other authors studying the action of glucose on phospholipase activity and consequent eicosanoid production.
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PMID:Modifications in the TXA(2) and PGI(2) plasma levels and some other biochemical parameters during the initiation and development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) syndrome in the rabbit. 1088 59