Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lesional (n = 15) and non-lesional (n = 10) skin of subjects with mastocytosis was analysed for the distribution and concentration of trypase positive, chymase negative mast cells (MCT) and tryptase positive, chymase positive mast cells (MCTC) cells and compared to normal skin (n = 23) and non-lesional skin of subjects with unexplained anaphylaxis or flushing episodes (n = 6). Skin biopsies were fixed in Carnoy's fluid and subjected to double immunohistochemical staining with biotinylated mouse monoclonal anti-chymase antibody followed by alkaline phosphatase-conjugated mouse monoclonal anti-tryptase antibody. MCTC cells were the only type of mast cells seen in all specimens analysed and in each case were more numerous in superficial compared to deep regions of dermis. The concentration (mean +/- s.d.) of mast cells in the superficial dermis of mastocytosis lesions (40 985 +/- 21 772 mast cells/mm3) was significantly increased over that in corresponding areas of non-lesional skin from subjects with mastocytosis (7178 +/- 3607 mast cells/mm3), skin from subjects with idiopathic anaphylaxis or flushing episodes (6974 +/- 3873 mast cells/mm3) and normal skin (7347 +/- 2973 mast cells/mm3). The exclusive presence of MCTC cells in skin lesions of mastocytosis which are characterized by non-malignant hyperplasia of mast cells suggests involvement of local tissue factors in mast cell recruitment and differentiation.
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PMID:Mast cells in cutaneous mastocytosis: accumulation of the MCTC type. 231 Sep 82

The aim of the present study was to create clearly documented immediate-type allergy to food protein in the intestine of rats and to study some pathophysiological phenomena induced by challenge with the allergen. To achieve this, rats were sensitized with ovalbumin. A passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction to ovalbumin was negative in all controls and positive in all test animals when Bordetella pertussis was used as adjuvant. Sixty minutes after an intravenous injection of 125I-human serum albumin and 45 min after an ovalbumin challenge, given by gavage, the rats were sacrificed. The intestine was removed and sections taken for morphologic studies. The remainder was rinsed, opened, cut into measured segments, weighed, and the radioactivity was measured. Disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase, and protein were estimated in homogenates of epithelium. Results in both control and test animals showed that radioactivity decreased as one moved distally along the intestine. However, radioactivity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the intestine of test animals than in controls. Radioactivity in liver, kidney, spleen, and lungs was identical in test and control animals. There was significant reduction in levels of alkaline phosphatase (p varied from less than 0.05 to less than 0.001), maltase (p less than 0.05), and sucrase (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.01). Lactase activity in contrast was significantly raised (p less than 0.05). There was no change in intestinal morphology or in the intestinal mast cell count.
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PMID:The effect of immediate-type gastrointestinal allergic reactions on brush border enzymes and gut morphology in the rat. 392 23

Two strains of guinea-pigs selectively bred for either high (IMM/S) or low (IMM/R) responsiveness to ovalbumin-induced respiratory anaphylaxis were examined for genetic homogenicity by skin transplantation experiments and screened for polymorphism of erythrocyte enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase, esterase D, and phosphoglucomutase). According to the transplantation data it can be concluded that the brother x sister matings have resulted in lines of guinea-pigs with a high degree of genetic homogenicity. The results from the typing of polymorphic enzymes showed that only phosphoglucomutase exhibited different allelic forms among the tested animals, but no correlation was found between this polymorphism and responsiveness to ovalbumin.
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PMID:Characterization of two strains of selectively bred guinea-pigs. I. Skin transplantation experiments and screening for erythrocyte enzyme polymorphism. 622 92

Several known antiallergic agents, including cromolyn sodium and a series of pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolines, inhibit human alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a membranal enzyme associated with calcium uptake in certain tissues. A comparison of ALP and rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) inhibition indicates that PCA inhibition may be associated with drug-ALP interaction, since ALP inhibition potency parallels PCA inhibitory activity. The unpredictability of the PCA test toward clinical efficacy could in part be related to the uncompetitive nature of these inhibitors. The results also suggest that alkaline phosphatase may be a component of membranal calcium channels.
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PMID:Alkaline phosphatase inhibition by a series of pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolines: A possible relationship with cromolyn-like antiallergy activity. 680 33

Assessment of the allergenic potency of enzymes involves the use of a guinea pig model in which specific IgG1 antibody titers are used as the endpoint. The in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) assay is used to measure specific IgG1 antibody. This report describes the development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure guinea pig specific IgG1 antibody as an in vitro alternative to the PCA assay. Cross reactivity of various rabbit and mouse (monoclonal) anti-guinea pig IgG1 preparations were evaluated using purified IgG1 and IgG2 from serum of guinea pigs immunized with ovalbumin. The two subclasses of guinea pig IgG were purified by first using Protein A affinity chromatography, followed by anion exchange chromatography and fluid phase isoelectric focusing. Affinity-purified rabbit anti-guinea pig IgG1 was shown to have minimal cross reactivity toward IgG2, while providing a strong signal with IgG1. The ELISA was designed as an antigen capture system in which the following are added in sequence: (1) enzyme antigen (passively adsorbed to the plate), (2) diluted serum samples from guinea pigs immunized with enzyme, (3) affinity-purified rabbit anti-guinea pig IgG1, (4) alkaline phosphatase-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG, and (5) p-nitrophenyl phosphate substrate. Three replicate ELISA and PCA analyses were conducted on sera samples of varying titers from guinea pigs immunized with either Alcalase (protease), BPN' (protease), and Termamyl (amylase) enzyme. The correlation coefficients (r2) between the ELISA and PCA assay for Alcalase, BPN', and Termamyl were 0.826, 0.945, and 0.755, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Optimization and validation of an ELISA to measure specific guinea pig IgG1 antibody as an alternative to the in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay. 773 35

We report the case of a 28-year-old-prostitute from Thailand with HIV infection stage B2 associated with retroperitoneal lymph node tuberculosis. 6 days after the beginning of anti-tuberculous therapy (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamid and ethambutol) the temperature rose to 40.5 degrees C, diarrhea, vomiting, and tachycardia developed and systolic blood pressure fell to 80 mm Hg. Liver function tests revealed acute hepatic failure (ALT 800 IU/l rising to 1500; serum bilirubin 89 mumol/l rising to 238.0; alkaline phosphatase 199 IU/l; glucose 1.8 mmol/l; prothrombin time 20%). Isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamid were replaced by streptomycin and PAS. A few days after withdrawal the liver profile returned to normal. Hours after the reintroduction of rifampicin total body erythema, pruritus, vomiting and severe hypotension developed, requiring saline methylprednisolone and epinephrine administration. The next reexposure to intravenous rifampicin produced a rash and was rapidly discontinued. Liver function tests remained normal. Later mild adverse reactions to streptomycin and pyrazinamid occurred, two drugs which had been well tolerated before. Subsequently the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency was established. After initiation of steroid replacement (50 mg prednisolone) the antituberculous therapy with isoniazid, pyrazinamid and ethambutol was well tolerated. We conclude that the shock in this HIV-infected patient was either due to severe anaphylaxis to rifampicin or acute adrenal insufficiency ensuing on this drug. The reversible fulminant acute hepatic failure represents either an adverse effect of antituberculous drugs, especially hepatotoxic interactions of drug combinations, or an ischemic liver injury during hypotension caused by anaphylaxis. The case illustrates the complex nature of side effects of antituberculous drugs in HIV patients and their aggravation by adrenal insufficiency.
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PMID:[Fulminant, rapidly reversible hepatitis and life-threatening anaphylaxis following rifampicin in an HIV-positive female patient with latent adrenal cortex insufficiency]. 864 39

Targeted disruption of the histidine decarboxylase gene (HDC(-/-)), the only histamine-synthesizing enzyme, led to a histamine-deficient mice characterized by undetectable tissue histamine levels, impaired gastric acid secretion, impaired passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and decreased mast cell degranulation. We used this model to study the role of histamine in bone physiology. Compared with WT mice, HDC(-/-) mice receiving a histamine-free diet had increased bone mineral density, increased cortical bone thickness, higher rate of bone formation, and a marked decrease in osteoclasts. After ovariectomy, cortical and trabecular bone loss was reduced by 50% in HDC(-/-) mice compared with WT. Histamine deficiency protected the skeleton from osteoporosis directly, by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and indirectly, by increasing calcitriol synthesis. Quantitative RT-PCR showed elevated 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase and markedly decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase mRNA levels. Serum parameters confirming this indirect effect included elevated calcitriol, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand concentrations, and suppressed parathyroid hormone concentrations in HDC(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. After ovariectomy, histamine-deficient mice were protected from bone loss by the combination of increased bone formation and reduced bone resorption.
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PMID:Targeted deletion of histidine decarboxylase gene in mice increases bone formation and protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss. 1271 72

OBJECTIVE To compare clinical signs, laboratory test results, and imaging findings between dogs with suspected anaphylaxis and dogs with sepsis. DESIGN Retrospective case-case study. ANIMALS 10 dogs with suspected anaphylaxis and 22 dogs with confirmed sepsis that met the criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome. PROCEDURES Medical records for dogs in each group were reviewed and data extracted regarding signalment; reason for hospital admission; physical examination findings; results of CBC, serum biochemical analysis, coagulation testing, cytologic examination, and microbial culture; and imaging reports. RESULTS All dogs in the anaphylaxis group fulfilled the criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Dogs in both groups had gastrointestinal signs, lethargy, mentation change, and bleeding abnormalities. Dogs with suspected anaphylaxis had a significantly higher eosinophil count and serum alanine aminotransferase activity and lower blood pH than dogs with sepsis. Dogs with sepsis had a significantly higher band neutrophil count, serum globulins concentration, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity and lower serum glucose concentration. Dogs in both groups had intracavitary free fluid and ultrasonographic findings of thickened intestines, gas or fluid-filled intestines, and a thickened gallbladder wall. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinical signs, laboratory values, and imaging findings may be similar in dogs with sepsis or anaphylaxis. Given the marked difference in prognosis and treatment, early differentiation is important. Anaphylaxis should be considered if a septic nidus cannot be identified, and supportive care should be considered for such patients.
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PMID:Comparison of clinical findings between dogs with suspected anaphylaxis and dogs with confirmed sepsis. 2885 7