Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rickets is a common and paradoxical feature of infantile malignant osteopetrosis and results from the inability of osteoclasts to maintain a normal calcium-phosphorus balance in the extracellular fluid. Despite a markedly positive total body calcium balance, rickets arises when the serum calcium x phosphorus product is insufficient to mineralize newly formed chondroid and osteoid. In five children with malignant infantile osteopetrosis, there were clinical, radiographic, biochemical, and histologic findings of rickets. Characteristic biochemical abnormalities included hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and elevated levels of serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, c-terminal parathyroid hormone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was markedly depressed. The serum calcium x phosphorus product was below 30 in all children at the time the rickets was diagnosed, and above 40 by the time the rickets had resolved. Baseline bone density measurements were markedly elevated in all children (> 5 standard deviation above normal) and showed even significant increases (> 7 SD) when the rickets was treated with vitamin D and calcium. The children showed marked clinical improvement, decreased lethargy, increase in mobility and activity, and stimulation of appetite, without any additional adverse hematologic or neurologic effects. The rickets was reversible in all children: in one by HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation and in four by physiologic doses of vitamin D and calcium. The parathyroid and renal responses to hypocalcemia were appropriate, but glucocorticoids, used in treating the hematologic complications of the disease, may have blunted the intestinal response to maximal vitamin D stimulation. This latter blockade can be overcome by increasing dietary calcium. By liberalizing rather than by restricting calcium and phosphorus intake, hypocalcemia can be minimized, phosphorus metabolism can be improved, and rickets can be cured.
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PMID:Osteopetrorickets. The paradox of plenty. Pathophysiology and treatment. 839 71

A 5-month-old boy developed splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia with elevated white cells, monocytosis and immature granulocytes in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow showed dysplasia without blastosis. Increased colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage was found in the peripheral blood, mimicking granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor hypersensitivity. These findings fulfilled the diagnosis criteria for juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), but no mutations in the CBL, NRAS, KRAS, or PTPN11 genes were detected. In addition to these findings severe hypogammaglobulinemia and elevated alkaline phosphatase were present. Bone X-ray showed dense and radiopaque bones with a bone-in-bone appearance characteristic of infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO). Genetic mutation in T-cell, immune regulator 1 (TCIRG1) was identified, confirming the diagnosis of IMO. Careful differential diagnosis including osteopetrosis, is therefore recommended in patients with clinical features and hematologic findings consistent with JMML.
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PMID:Osteopetrosis mimicking juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. 2533 98