Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human bone and cartilage specimens were evaluated for acid and alkaline phosphatase localization following varying fixation periods for fresh or frozen tissue. Formalin fixations of up to 183 hr were followed by embedment in methyl methacrylate; frozen tissue was examined either without fixation or following fixation for up to 1 hr and subsequent glycol or methyl methacrylate embedding. The humeral epiphysis of a young patient with osteogenic sarcoma showed optimum acid and alkaline phosphatase localization following fixation for periods up to 15 hr and embedding in methyl methacrylate. Frozen costochondral junction from a newborn with osteogenesis imperfecta type II showed optimum acid and alkaline phosphatase localization following 30 min fixation in formalin and embedding in methyl methacrylate or after 5 min fixation and embedding in glycol methacrylate.
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PMID:Alkaline and acid phosphatase demonstration in human bone and cartilage: effects of fixation interval and methacrylate embedments. 285 Nov 99

Two-week-old white leghorn chicks were fed a diet containing BAPN (0.05%) for three weeks. Thirty-six hours before sacrifice, the controls and BAPN fed chicks were dosed with 35S. The zone of provisional calcification was isolated, and 35S incorporation was estimated by liquid scintillation counting. Alkaline phosphatase and Ca+2-ATPase were biochemically analyzed. Microdensitometry, to assess the level of mineralization, was done on epiphysis and the metaphysis. Morphometry was performed on the various zones of growth plate. 35S incorporation was significantly lower in the bones of BAPN treated chicks as compared to the controls. The enzymatic studies showed a significant inhibition of alkaline phosphatase and Ca+2-ATPase. The microdensitometric studies showed a smaller area of highly mineralized bone in the zones of provisional calcification of the BAPN treated chicks as compared to the controls. Morphometry showed a reduction in the width of the zone of calcification in BAPN treated chicks as compared to the controls. On the basis of the above data, it is suggested that BAPN induced inhibition of mineralization during endochondral ossification may be the result of a lower synthesis of sulfur containing GAG's, the inhibition of enzymes alkaline phosphatase and Ca+2-ATPase and the derangement of cellular zones of the growth plate. The implications of these results lie in the fact that mineralization is dependent on multifactorial control of the microenvironment of bone and cartilage.
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PMID:Effects of B-aminopropionitrile on mineralization during endochondral ossification in chick tibia. 297 31

The interaction of vitamin D3 and zinc on bone metabolism was investigated in the femur of weanling rats. Oral administration of vitamin D3 (1.0 micrograms/100 g body weight) did not cause any increase in the zinc accumulation in the femoral tissue following treatment with zinc sulphate (1.0 mg Zn/100 g). Administration of vitamin D3 or zinc produced significant increases the alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA content of the femoral diaphysis but not of the epiphysis. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced additionally by simultaneous administration of vitamin D3 and zinc. Moreover, the increase in DNA content was enhanced markedly (about 4 times) by these treatments. At a dose of 0.5 micrograms of vitamin D3 per 100 g, DNA content was at the control level. This level was increased about 2 times by simultaneous administration of zinc (1.0 mg/100 g). The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity following simultaneous administration of vitamin D3 and zinc was significantly inhibited by treatment with cycloheximide, actinomycin D, or mitomycin C. Also, the increase in DNA content was completely inhibited by mitomycin C treatment. The present data suggest that the combination of vitamin D3 and zinc has a multiple effect on the stimulation of bone growth and mineralization in weanling rats, and that this effect is based on a stimulation of the DNA synthesis in bone cells.
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PMID:Enhancement of vitamin D3 effect on bone metabolism in weanling rats orally administered zinc sulphate. 300 15

Skeletal growth and serum hormonal levels in bovine fetuses were studied cross-sectionally from late first trimester to late third trimester of gestation (corresponding approximately to 75-275 days of age, and a crown-rump (CR) 5-105 cm/in size). Measurements of tibial and femoral lengths showed that bone growth proceeds at a 30% faster rate in fetuses of 50-105 cm CR, coincident with the appearance and exponential growth (y = 0.000207 e 0.12522 x; y, dried weights of ossification in grams and x, CR in cm) of a secondary center of ossification in the epiphysis. During this period there is an increase in the proportion of [3H]-thymidine-labeled nuclei (measured by autoradiography) in the proliferative zone of the epiphyseal growth plate and a progressive hypertrophy of chondrocytes in the epiphysis; in serum there is a rise in alkaline phosphatase activity, a rise in the calcium, and a decrease in the phosphorus concentrations. Cellularity (nuclei/area) and the proportion of [3H]-thymidine labeled nuclei in epiphyseal cartilage decline during the period of 15-105 cm CR, except at 25-45 cm CR when both parameters of chondrocyte growth have transiently stabilized. [35S]-Sulfate and [3H]-proline incorporation (cpm/100 micrograms DNA) in epiphyseal cartilage also decline initially during 10-25 cm CR, then attain a stable level during 25-50 cm CR; subsequently, [35S]-sulfate incorporation gradually increases and [3H]-proline incorporation remains at a constant level. The proportion of [3H]-thymidine-labeled nuclei in the epiphyseal growth plate also declines in early gestation, then becomes stabilized at 20-50 cm CR. The whole growth plate thickness varies during gestation and is maximal during 20-50 cm CR. The proliferative zone attains maximal thickness at 20-50 cm CR while the hypertrophied and degenerative zone has maximal thickness at 40-80 cm CR. Gestational changes of hormone levels were quantitated in fetal serum. Glucocorticoids and thyroxine were measured by radioimmunoassay; somatomedinlike bioactivity was measured as the capacity of a serum sample to stimulate [3H]-thymidine incorporation in chondrocytes compared to that of a control serum. Temporally related to the changes occurring in the skeletal tissues, there is a high serum level of glucocorticoids at 10-20 cm CR when the cartilaginous activities are declining, a peak level of serum somatomedinlike bioactivity at 20-50 cm CR when cartilage growth and metabolism become stabilized, and a rise of thyroxine level after 45 cm CR during which time there is an increasing rate of bone formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Temporal relationship between fetal bovine skeletal growth and circulating hormonal levels. 310 44

A study was done of 13 cases of biopsy-proved Paget disease in which the disease involved the anterior tibial tubercle with extension into the metaphysis and diaphysis, but without apparent involvement of the proximal tibial epiphysis. Case data were obtained from archives containing more than 350 cases of Paget disease. Age, sex, symptoms, serum alkaline phosphatase level, and histologic and radiographic appearance of the lesions were evaluated. Patients were young at clinical presentation, averaging 36 years of age. In five of six patients the serum alkaline phosphatase level was normal. The proximal extent of the disease was the anterior tibial tubercle rather than the proximal epiphysis. Radiographic patterns ranged from predominantly lytic to mixed lytic and blastic to predominantly blastic, and the lesion was marginated by a flame-shaped configuration. The radiographic appearance of Paget disease of the anterior tibial tubercle is characteristic and should be sufficient to suggest the diagnosis and preclude biopsy.
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PMID:Paget disease of the anterior tibial tubercle. 358 6

The effects of zinc on the enzymes of femoral tissue were investigated in weanling rats that had been given zinc sulfate (1.0 mg Zn2+/100 g body wt) p.o. for 3 days. Administration of zinc caused a marked elevation of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities, whereas it did not cause significant changes in succinate dehydrogenase, 5'-nucleotidase, ATPase, pyrophosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities. The effect of zinc was greater on alkaline phosphatase of the femoral diaphysis. Zinc content of the femoral diaphysis was raised significantly by administration of zinc. The addition of zinc in concentrations of 10(-2)-10(2) microM did not produce a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the femoral diaphysis, indicating that zinc could not activate the enzyme. Administration of cycloheximide or actinomycin D completely inhibited the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity produced by administration of zinc. DNA content of the femoral diaphysis, but not epiphysis, was increased markedly by administration of zinc. The increases in both alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA content of the femoral diaphysis were not caused by administration of copper, manganese, cobalt, nickel and chromium(III). The present investigation suggests that zinc may induce the increase in alkaline phosphatase related to DNA synthesis and, as a result, stimulate bone growth.
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PMID:Action of zinc on bone metabolism in rats. Increases in alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA content. 395 86

The effect of zinc on bone metabolism was investigated in weanling rats orally administered zinc sulfate (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg Zn/100 g body wt) for 30 d. The administration of zinc produced dose-dependent increases in zinc contents of the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis. The dry weight of the femur was significantly increased by the doses of 0.1 and 1.0 mg Zn/100 g for 3 d, while significant reduction of that was observed by zinc administration for 30 d. Meanwhile, DNA content, calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis were significantly increased by the doses of 0.1 and 1.0 mg Zn/100 g for 3 d. However, by the 30 d administration of zinc (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/100 g), calcium contents in the femur and serum were markedly decreased. These results suggest that comparatively low dose of zinc may stimulate the bone growth and calcification of weanling rats.
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PMID:Stimulatory effect of zinc on bone growth in weanling rats. 715 34

The effect of stannous chloride on bone metabolism was examined in weanling male rats given oral dose of 1.0 mg Sn/kg at 12-h intervals for 28 days. Tin administration produced progressive increase in tin content of the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis. Calcium content in the femoral epiphysis but not diaphysis was significantly decreased by tin administration for 28 days, while inorganic phosphorus contents in the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis were not changed significantly. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis were markedly reduced by tin administration for 3 days, and significant decreases in the femoral epiphysis were also observed at 28 days. Meanwhile, ATPase and pyrophosphatase activities in the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis were not altered significantly by tin administration. From the present study, of mineral composition and its related enzyme activity, the decreases of acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the femoral epiphysis were regarded as the biochemical manifestation of the toxic action of inorganic tin.
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PMID:Changes in mineral composition and its related enzyme activity in the femur of rats orally administered stannous chloride. 732 88

Oral adminitraton of stannous chloride (SnCl2) (1.0 mg Sn2+/kg body weight) to rats, twice daily for 30 or 90 days, caused a significant decrease of the calcium (Ca) content and acid phosphatase activity of the femoral epiphysis but did not reduce those of the femoral diaphysis. 1.0 mg Sn2+/kg for 30 days produced a significant decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity of the femoral epiphysis, but did not lower that of the femoral diaphysis. The results indicate that Sn may inhibit bone formation directly in the femoral epiphysis of rats.
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PMID:Effect of stannous chloride on rat femur. 740 98

The dose-effect of stannous chloride on biochemical indices was examined in weanling male rats given oral doses of 0.3, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg at 12-h intervals for 90 days. The 3.0 mg/kg dose caused significant decreases of the relative weights of the femur, calcium concentration, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the serum, succinate dehydrogenase activity in the liver, and calcium content and acid phosphatase activity in the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis. Of the above indices, the 1.0 mg/kg dose produced significant reduction of succinate dehydrogenase activity in the liver, and calcium content and acid phosphatase activity in the femoral epiphysis. Those significant decreases were not observed with the 0.3 mg/kg dose, although a slight but not significant decrease of calcium content in the femoral epiphysis was observed. These results suggest that the no-effect level of inorganic tin orally administered would be lower than 0.6 mg/kg/day.
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PMID:Dose-effect of inorganic tin on biochemical indices in rats. 742 35


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