Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All adult cases of primary intestinal lymphoma seen during the years 1953--77 at Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa, were reviewed. Seventy percent of patients with solitary lymphoma and 80% with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease were mulatto. Patients in the latter group presented with malabsorption and those with a solitary lymphoma presented with intestinal obstruction. Four of 15 patients tested for the presence of alpha-heavy-chains were found to have alpha-heavy-chain disease. Family studies of potential genetic and immunologic factors showed some significant differences in IgA and IgG levels in the families of two patients with alpha-heavy-chain disease. Elevated alkaline phosphatase of intestinal origin was found in four of six patients with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease and in a high proportion of relatives. Fifty percent of the six patients were of blood group B. Minor blood groups, ABH secretor state and Pi phenotype distribution were similar to those of the control subjects. HLA gene frequency was particularly increased in the HLA-A9 antigen. These studies suggest that genetic factors may be relevant to the pathogenesis of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease.
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PMID:Primary intestinal lymphoma in South Africa. 10 20

A new human skin cell line, designated as CCFS-1/KMC, immortalized from human neonatal foreskin diploid fibroblast cells, has been subcultured successfully in vitro for more than 500 passages. This anchorage-dependent cell line possesses many common features of transformation such as morphological and cytoskeletal changes, hypotriploidy, infinite lifespan, increasing plating efficiency and saturation density, and decreasing serum requirement and population doubling time. Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 DNA was detected in the cell line before and after immortalization by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Tumorigenicity, however, was not demonstrated in vivo. The isoenzyme activity of the cell line shows activation of a placental form of alkaline phosphatase and a changing lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern that is different from transformation by carcinogens. Class I HLA and class II HLA antigens are constitutively expressed on this skin cell line. Here we report that these immortalized human fibroblasts derived from neonatal HPV-18-DNA-contained diploid fibroblasts possess double minute chromosomes (DMs), a karyotypic aberration usually found in cancer cells.
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PMID:Characterization of an immortalized human cell line derived from neonatal foreskin diploid fibroblasts. 131 93

The clinical utility of the indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) techniques was compared in 103 newly diagnosed acute leukaemia patients immunophenotyped using a panel of 19 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). In spite of slight variations in the percentages of cells reacting with particular MoAbs when comparing the two methods we found no discrepancies in the final classification of each case. In ANLL (n = 73) the best correlation between the two methods was found for CDw65 which is a good screening marker, and for CD15 having a prognostic significance. In ALL (n = 30) the best correlation was observed for CD19 and CD10, both of great diagnostic importance. The following antigens present both in membrane and in cytoplasm displayed higher positivity with the APAAP than in IF HLA-Dr, CD71 and CD11b in ANLL, CD22 and HLA-Dr in nonT-ALL and CD3 in T-ALL. The important advantages of the APAAP technique are: 1) its use with routinely performed bone marrow or peripheral blood films, which can be stored before staining, 2) the possibility of correlating morphology with immunological characterization and documentation of the results.
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PMID:[Comparison of clinical usefulness of immunophenotyping of leukemia using the immunofluorescence and immunoenzyme APAAP methods]. 148 65

A new cell line (SARG) was established from a human radiation-induced osteosarcoma (OSA). It showed an epithelial-like morphology with polymorphous and sometimes bizarre nuclei. SARG had an osteoblastic differentiation pattern: almost 100% of the cells were positive for alkaline phosphatase, type I and III collagens and osteonectin. The expression of class I HLA antigens was detectable even after 40 in vitro passages. The expression of MHC antigens was greatly increased after in vitro treatment with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), whereas interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) increased the expression of class I antigens, but not of class II antigens. SARG was tumorigenic after subcutaneous injection in nude mice. Experimental metastases were never detected.
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PMID:SARG: a new human osteosarcoma cell line. Expression of bone markers and of major histocompatibility antigens. 162 59

We describe a new, simple, rapid, and sensitive nonradioactive technique for the analysis of genetic variations. Genomic DNA was amplified using polymerase chain reaction and amplified DNA was hybridized, with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled sequence-specific oligonucleotides. High specificity and sensitivity was achieved when labeling the sequence-specific oligonucleotide at the 3' end with only one DIG using digoxigenin-11-2',3'-dideoxy-uridine-5'-triphosphate and DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase. The hybridized probes were detected using antidigoxigenin alkaline phosphatase, fab fragments, and X-phosphate/NBT for visualization. This method was applied to the analysis of HLA-DR4-DRB1 alleles in polymerase chain reaction-amplified genomic DNA and resulted in highly specific and sensitive hybridization signals discriminating even in cases of a one-base-pair mismatch. This technique is particularly suited for HLA oligotyping because it allows the use of tetramethylammonium chloride for the simplification of hybridization and washing conditions.
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PMID:Nonradioactive HLA class II typing using polymerase chain reaction and digoxigenin-11-2'-3'-dideoxy-uridinetriphosphate-labeled oligonucleotide probes. 167 54

The familial occurrences of biochemical and immunological abnormalities and histocompatibility antigens were studied in 18 healthy first-degree relatives of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in two families. In each of these two families, there were two members who suffered from PBC. All relatives had normal serum aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, total cholesterol, and immunoglobulins except the two, who had a mild elevation of alkaline phosphatase without cholestasis. Autoantibodies were present in some relatives; five (28%) for antithyroglobulin antibody and antithyroid microsomal antibody, one (6%) for antimitochondrial and antinuclear antibody, and one (6%) for rheumatoid factor. Abnormalities of T or B lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected in two (11%) relatives. Impairment of concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte transformation determined by ethidium bromide fluoroassay was found in seven (39%) relatives, although an abnormal response for phytohemagglutinin was detected in none of the relatives. The HLA haplotypes were not necessarily associated with positive autoantibodies or impaired concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte transformation in these families. These findings suggest that impairment of concanavalin A-inducible lymphocytes (mainly suppressor T cells) is one of the contributing factors in the development of PBC.
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PMID:Familial primary biliary cirrhosis associated with impaired concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte transformation in relatives. Two family studies. 173 58

In an attempt to detect residual leukemic cells during complete remission (CR), we used 4 monoclonal antibodies detecting markers at different stages of myeloid maturation. Bone marrow cells of AML patients at diagnosis/relapse or in CR were compared with normal controls at day 0 and 7, after incubation with colony stimulating factors, by the alkaline phosphatase/antialkaline phosphatase method. In AML patients at diagnosis/relapse, the expression of the early differentiation markers (CD34, HLA DR) was significantly increased and that of the late marker CD15 significantly decreased at day 0. After day 7 liquid cultures, the markers HLA DR and CD13 were significantly increased and CD15 significantly decreased. During CR a significant increase in day 7 liquid cultures of the markers HLA DR and CD13 was found compared to normal controls. These results may reflect the proliferation in culture of residual leukemic cells in CR patients.
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PMID:[Differentiation antigens on normal bone marrow cells and following culture with growth factors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)]. 194 59

We studied the sorting and surface delivery of three apical and three basolateral proteins in the polarized epithelial cell line Caco-2, using pulse-chase radiolabeling and surface domain-selective biotinylation (Le Bivic, A., F. X. Real, and E. Rodriguez-Boulan. 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:9313-9317). While the basolateral proteins (antigen 525, HLA-I, and transferrin receptor) were targeted directly and efficiently to the basolateral membrane, the apical markers (sucrase-isomaltase [SI], aminopeptidase N [APN], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) reached the apical membrane by different routes. The large majority (80%) of newly synthesized ALP was directly targeted to the apical surface and the missorted basolateral pool was very inefficiently transcytosed. SI was more efficiently targeted to the apical membrane (greater than 90%) but, in contrast to ALP, the missorted basolateral pool was rapidly transcytosed. Surprisingly, a distinct peak of APN was detected on the basolateral domain before its accumulation in the apical membrane; this transient basolateral pool (at least 60-70% of the enzyme reaching the apical surface, as measured by continuous basal addition of antibodies) was efficiently transcytosed. In contrast with their transient basolateral expression, apical proteins were more stably localized on the apical surface, apparently because of their low endocytic capability in this membrane. Thus, compared with two other well-characterized epithelial models, MDCK cells and the hepatocyte, Caco-2 cells have an intermediate sorting phenotype, with apical proteins using both direct and indirect pathways, and basolateral proteins using only direct pathways, during biogenesis.
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PMID:Biogenetic pathways of plasma membrane proteins in Caco-2, a human intestinal epithelial cell line. 197 37

Many interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) bearing cells can be identified by alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemistry in the diseased intestinal lamina propria of children with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, but rarely in normal intestine. In both diseases, the CD25+ cells are present as aggregates in the lamina propria below the epithelium, and constitute a large proportion of the lamina propria mononuclear cells. In Crohn's disease, but not ulcerative colitis, CD25+ cells are abundant in the submucosa. The CD25+ cells in Crohn's disease are 58-88% CD3+, CD4+, CD8-, indicating that they are T cells, whereas in ulcerative colitis the CD25+ cells are greater than 80% CD3-, CD4+, HLA-DR+, indicating that they are macrophages. Thus, differential expression of CD25 on T cells and macrophages serves to distinguish the immunologic lesions in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
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PMID:Differential expression of CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor) on lamina propria T cells and macrophages in the intestinal lesions in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. 202 48

Leukocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration, PAS positivity index in lymphocytes, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, karyotype, HLA phenotype as wall as the quality of the cellular and humoral immunity have been studied in 45 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and in 103 their closest relatives (sibs, parents). The aim was to detect the possible preleukemic condition in the relatives as a strong propensity towards developing has been previously established in families of patients with CLL. In the CLL patients our studies have confirmed the results of the determination of similar parameters by other authors, namely a higher percentage of PAS+ lymphocytes than normal together with a variety of humoral and cellular immunity disturbances. Regarding the morphological and cytochemical changes in lymphocytes in family members of the CLL patients a higher frequency of PAS+ lymphocytes have been observed: it has been established in over 10 per cent lymphocytes (normally 4-8 per cent) in 31 (30%) examinees and in 14 (13.5%) of these persons the percentage of PAS positivity was equal to that found in CLL patients. Cellular immunity examinations established that in one third of examined E rossete counts counts were lower and in 2 persons the degree of this decrease corresponded to the decrease observed in CLL patients. In one fifth of the examined family members T4:T8 ratio was reduced. In the 13 per cent of the examined M rossete counts were increased, a fact which supports the notion that immunity of B cells exists in relatives of CLL patients. The authors contend that the increased percentage of PAS+ lymphocytes and inadequate functional maturity of the T and B cells in a relatively large number of family members of the CLL patients, intimates that a hereditary disturbance in the lymphocyte make up and their role in the immunity pathways exists and could possibly represent one of the factors implicated in a high frequency of CLL in some families.
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PMID:[Hereditary factors in the etiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. 213 26


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