Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunophenotypic analysis of acute leukemias is time consuming and often requires flow cytometric analysis. A 1-hour alkaline phosphatase-labeled streptavidin-biotin immunocytochemical procedure was evaluated as an alternative. Seventeen cases of acute leukemia, including 10 acute lymphocytic (ALL) and 7 acute nonlymphocytic, were phenotyped by the rapid immunocytochemical procedure and the results were compared with standard analyses. In all 17 cases, the diagnoses made using standard cytochemical and immunologic methods were the same as obtained in blinded reviews by rapid immunocytochemical analysis. Nine cases of precursor B-cell ALL were positive for CD19 and/or CD22. Five CD19 + cases of ALL reacted with anti-myeloperoxidase, with one case also positive for CD15. CD15 positivity was confirmed on repeated study as well as with plastic section immunoperoxidase staining. Nine cases of ALL were positive for CD10 and eight were positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. One case of ALL marked as T-cell ALL with CD1, CD2, CD3, and CD7. All cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were positive for CD15, CD13, and/or CD33; anti-myeloperoxidase was positive in all but one case of monocytic leukemia. All cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were negative for CD10 and one was positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Acute leukemias apparently may be phenotyped easily and accurately in 1 hour with this immunocytochemical technique, and slides may be stored permanently for review. There was in these 17 cases high correlation of the diagnoses with standard flow cytometric and cytochemical results. This rapid method allows a coordinated evaluation of morphologic features and immunophenotype; the latter features facilitated confirmation of unexpected reactivity of myeloid markers CD15 and MPO-7 in some cases of ALL.
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PMID:Rapid immunocytochemical analysis of acute leukemias. 159 10

The levels of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) messenger RNA (mRNA) are evaluated in B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), and this transcript is found to be present only in PMNs. Precursors of the myelomonocytic pathway, represented by leukemic cells isolated from several cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in its stable and blastic phase and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), are devoid of LAP transcript. These data support the notion that LAP is a marker of the granulocyte terminal differentiation. Despite the absence of LAP mRNA in both the myeloid and the lymphoid precursors, nuclear run-on experiments show constitutive transcription of the LAP gene in leukemic cells obtained from AML, CML, as well as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In CML and in chronic myelo-monocytic leukemia (CMML) PMNs, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) specifically accumulates LAP mRNA without showing a substantial increase in the rate of transcription of the LAP gene. Once increased by G-CSF, LAP mRNA is very stable, showing a half-life of more than 4 hours in the presence of actinomycin-D. G-CSF is suggested to play a pivotal role in the modulation of LAP transcript in PMNs.
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PMID:Expression of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase gene in normal and leukemic cells: regulation of the transcript by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 170 29

Leukemic cells from 17 dogs with spontaneous leukemia were stained with leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase with and without fluoride, peroxidase, and periodic acid-Schiff. Cytochemistry was necessary for identification or confirmation of leukemic cell type in most dogs and resulted in changing the light microscopic morphologic diagnosis in eight of 17 dogs. Leukemic cell types diagnosed were myelomonocytic leukemia in seven dogs, monocytic leukemia in five dogs, lymphocytic leukemia in four dogs, and myelocytic leukemia in one dog.
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PMID:Cytochemical reactions in cells from leukemic dogs. 396 77

On clinical examination, a six-year-old Hassian gray gelding with a history of impaired performance, slight cough, colic, and edema of the ventral abdomen, prepuce and the legs had reduced skin turgor, pale mucous membranes, forced costoabdominal breathing, reduced venous return, enlarged lymph nodes, and splenomegaly. Hematologic findings revealed anemia, leukocytosis and a high percentage of monocytoid leukemic cells. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, ascites, hydrothorax, and a diffusely thickened gut wall were found at necropsy. Massive infiltration with monocytoid leukemic cells was detected in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, gut wall, kidneys, and choroid plexus. Incubation of living cells obtained from a leukocyte concentrate with latex particles revealed phagocytosis in the leukemic cells on light and electron microscopy. The leukemic cells also had a marked alpha-naphthyl-acetate and naphthol-AS-acetate esterase activity, but were only weakly positive to naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase. A very weak alkaline phosphatase activity only was demonstrated in a few leukemic cells. On scanning electron microscopy, the leukemic cells had prominent ruffles and ridge-like profiles. These features of the leukemic cells excluded lymphocytic and granulocytic leukemia, and monocytic leukemia was diagnosed.
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PMID:Monocytic leukemia in a horse. 658 70

Clinico-morphological, cyto- and biochemical, cytogenetic, immunological studies were carried out in 68 patients with chronic monocytic leukemia. It was found that the main diagnostic signs of this lesion are an associated or isolated enlargement of lymph nodes, the speen and liver, persistent absolute and relative monocytosis in the peripheral blood and sternal needle biopsy specimens, multifocal or diffuse outgrowth of monocytic elements in the bone marrow trepanobiopsy specimens from the ileac bone. Also, dysproteinemia mainly on account on hypergammaglobulinemia, a rather in monocytes and the reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase in neutrophils are characteristic of chronic monocytic leukemia. The basic histomorphological manifestations of the disease are leukemic infiltration by monocytes and reticular cells of the bone marrow, of flat and tubular bones, lymphnodes, the spleen, liver and other organs.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of chronic monocytic leukemia]. 693 72

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/ Human herpesvirus 8 encodes three chemokines, which are called viral macrophage inflammatory protein (vMIP)-I, -II, and -III. Here, we expressed the KSHV vMIP-I and vMIP-II proteins and analyzed their biological functions. Both vMIP-I and vMIP-II had an apparent molecular mass of 7.8 kDa and were localized to the cytoplasm in a body cavity-based lymphoma cell line BC-3, stimulated with phorbol ester. We next treated a human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, with purified recombinant vMIP-I and vMIP-II, or vMIP-I and vMIP-II fused with alkaline phosphatase to study Ca(2+) signalling and in vitro chemotaxis in response to these proteins. Calcium mobilization was induced by both vMIP-I and vMIP-II. Furthermore, vMIP-I and vMIP-II induced Ca(2+) mobilization in K562 cells expressing the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), suggesting that both may be agonistic for CCR5. Additionally, vMIP-I induced Ca(2+) mobilization through the intermediary of CCR8. These viral MIPs were also capable of chemotactically activating the THP-1 cells. These results imply that vMIP-I and vMIP-II may play important roles in the propagation of KS and primary effusion lymphoma by inducing the chemotaxis of CCR5-expressing monocytes.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-encoded vMIP-I and vMIP-II induce signal transduction and chemotaxis in monocytic cells. 1272 96