Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have previously shown that inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) releases Ca2+ from an intracellular calcium store in permeabilized acinar cells of rat pancreas (H. Streb et al., 1983, Nature (London) 306:67-69). This observation suggests that IP3 might provide the missing link between activation of the muscarinic receptor and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores during stimulation. In order to localize the intracellular IP3-sensitive calcium pool, IP3-induced Ca2+ release was measured in isolated subcellular fractions. A total homogenate was prepared from acinar cells which had been isolated by a collagenase digestion method. Endoplasmic reticulum was separated from mitochondria, zymogen granules and nuclei by differential centrifugation. Plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum were separated by centrifugation on a sucrose step gradient or by precipitation with high concentrations of MgCl2. IP3-induced Ca2+ release per mg protein in the total homogenate was the same as in leaky cells and was sufficiently stable to make short separation procedures possible. In fractions obtained by either differential centrifugation at 7000 X g, sucrose-density centrifugation, or MgCl2 precipitation there was a close correlation of Ip3-induced Ca2+ release with the endoplasmic reticulum markers ribonucleic acid (r = 0.96, 1.00, 0.91, respectively) and NADPH cytochrome c reductase (r = 0.63, 0.98, 0.90, respectively). In contrast, there was a clear negative correlation with the mitochondrial markers cytochrome c oxidase (r = -0.64) and glutamate dehydrogenase (r = -0.75) and with the plasma membrane markers (Na+ + K+)-ATPase (r = -0.81) and alkaline phosphatase (r = -0.77) in all fractions analyzed. IP3-induced Ca2+ release was distributed independently of zymogen granule or nuclei content of the fractions as assessed by electron microscopy. The data suggest that inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate releases Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum in pancreatic acinar cells.
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PMID:Effect of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate on isolated subcellular fractions of rat pancreas. 633 62

The stability of various marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) plasma constituents was investigated after storage at room temperature, 4 degrees C, and -20 degrees C. The method of sequential analysis ensured that the between-run bias of the methods of analysis used was drastically reduced, and the definitions of stability were linked to the imprecision of these methods. Optimal conditions for storage for as long as 48 h depended on the analyte being measured. Room temperature was optimal for cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase; 4 degrees C for protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase; and -20 degrees C for glutathione reductase and alkaline phosphatase. For aspartate amino-transferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, either 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C would be suitable. Reasons are advanced for some conflicting reports in the published work, and we emphasize the need to investigate each analyte and species separately.
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PMID:Stabilities of some constituents of marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) plasma under various conditions of storage. 641 8

In porcine interareolar placental epithelia, the following enzymes were demonstrated by histochemical methods after 30, 58, 80, 100, and 110 d of pregnancy, respectively: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterases, cytochrome oxidase, 5-nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase, adenosine triphosphatase, diaphorases (NADH, NADPH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), lactate dehydrogenase. The results show that most of the enzyme activities remained almost unchanged during the period of investigation. Only G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH activities increased within the uterine epithelium and nonspecific esterase activity within uterine as well as chorionic epithelia during the 2nd half of pregnancy. Within chorionic and uterine epithelia, hydrolases but not dehydrogenases demonstrated a higher activity at the bases of chorionic villi as compared to the apices and flanks of the latter. The action and influence of the demonstrated enzymes on metabolism, energy transfer, secretory, and resorptive activities of chorionic and uterine epithelia are discussed.
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PMID:[Enzyme histochemical studies of the swine placenta. Histoptics of enzymes in interareolar placental epithelia]. 643 35

Lantana toxicity of guinea pigs elicited an increase in hematocrit, erythrocyte and leukocyte number, hemoglobin, urea-nitrogen and bilirubin contents in the blood of the affected animals. Most of the bilirubin was present in the conjugated form. Enzyme activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase in the blood plasma of affect animals exhibited a marked increase. Acid phosphatase activity was inhibited by tartrate. Enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase remained unchanged while that of glutamic pyruvic transaminase showed a marginal decrease.
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PMID:Changes in blood constituents of guinea pigs in lantana toxicity. 709 19

Phomopsin, the mycotoxin produced by Phomopsis leptostromiformis, was found to have a very high toxicity for sheep. When administered as a single, subcutaneous injection over the dose range 1 X 25 to 98 microgram/kg body weight, all sheep given 37 X 5 microgram/kg or more died. Some, though not all, died following lower doses, the minimum lethal dose being 10 microgram/kg. The time course of hepatic response over 21 days after phomopsin administration was followed by plasma biochemical analyses including those for some enzymes (glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), total bilirubin and the determination of bromosulphophthalein clearance rates. Hepatobiliary impairment was apparent after all dosages of 2.5 microgram/kg and above while 1.25 microgram/kg approximated the 'no effect' level.
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PMID:Lupinosis: response of sheep to different doses of phomopsin. 713 14

The renal effect of the daily administration of gentamicin to male albino rats (20 mg/kg body weight) for 6 consecutive days on some biochemical systems of the kidney was examined. Urine volume and urinary protein levels were found to be progressively raised following gentamicin. Urinary alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, muramidase and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities were found to be markedly elevated. Acid phosphatase and GDH activities in urine were raised 24 h and 48 h, respectively, from the onset of gentamicin administration. The sequence in which some regions of the renal cells were involved in gentamicin nephrotoxicity was determined and the probable mechanism of interaction of gentamicin antibiotic with the renal tubular cells is proposed.
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PMID:Renal effects of an aminoglycoside antibiotic in the rat. 717 5

During a long-term study in the rat some enzyme activities were determined in plasma, lung, spleen and skeletal muscle. Twelve rats of each sex were investigated every 49 days from 35 until 1115 days of life. Lactate dehydrogenase in lung and spleen decreases; in muscle and plasma, however, the activity varies considerably. Malate dehydrogenase in the tissues remains nearly unchanged apart from distinct peaks in the first year of life; in plasma the activity takes an M-shaped course. In contrast to the changes of glutamate dehydrogenase in the tissues with a tendency to diminish, this enzyme increases in plasma during the lifetime. Aspartate aminotransferase activity in the tissues, except muscle, varies with a rhythmical behaviour, and in plasma shows a gradual increase. Alanine aminotransferase in lung and spleen has two activity peaks. In muscle this enzyme varies only slightly after a steep initial decrease. In plasma the activity has a tendency to rise. Creatine kinase in the tissues reveals several activity peaks. In plasma the activity course is U-shaped. Adenylate kinase in spleen and lung rises, whereas in muscle the activity varies considerably. The nearly identical decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity in the tissues during ageing is also reflected by a concomitant behaviour in plasma. Leucine arylamidase in lung and muscle both have a U-shaped characteristic, whereas in spleen the activity changes in a shorter period. In plasma, a rhythmical behaviour is apparent. Aldolase in plasma tripled during the observation period. Except for lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase, distinct sex-differences are observed in plasma. With progressive age the animals suffer increasingly from characteristic diseases, which beside experimental components have influenced the enzyme pattern. Enzyme activities in plasma and tissues show a complex pattern and are only of limited importance in understanding the ageing process.
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PMID:Long-term observation of plasma and tissue enzyme activities in the rat. 720 25

Four bile acid profiles, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase were measured in rats in which normal bile flow had been disturbed either by administration of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate or by surgical ligation of the bile duct. The most sensitive index to the early onset of cholestasis was an increase in total cholate. This increase was measurable before morphological changes could clearly be identified.
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PMID:Bile acid assays as an index of cholestasis. 723 63

Activities of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase were reduced in unstimulated pooled saliva of 15-year-old adolescents with endemic fluorosis, vs. those without fluorosis. This point to reduced production of glutamate which is indispensable for bacterial growth. The activity of acid phosphatase in pooled stimulated with 1% pilocarpin saliva of rats fed a water ration with 5 and 20 mg/liter fluorine in comparison with control rats fed water with fluorine concentration of 0.21 mg/liter. Noteworthy that alkaline phosphatase activity was virtually unchanged at fluorine concentrations 5 and 20 mg/liter in the water. The significance of the results as far as it regards the pathogenesis of caries and fluorosis is discussed.
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PMID:[The enzymes of glutamate and organic phosphate metabolism in the saliva in fluorosis (clinical and experimental research)]. 748 2

The effect of carrot extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage was evaluated. The increased serum enzyme levels (viz., glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol and glutamate dehydrogenase) by CCl4-induction were significantly lowered due to pretreatment with the extract. The extract also decreased the elevated serum bilirubin and urea content due to CCl4 administration. Increased activities of hepatic 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase, acid ribonuclease and decreased levels of succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase and cytochrome P-450 produced by CCl4 were reversed by the extract in a dose-responsive way. Results of this study revealed that carrot could afford a significant protective action in the alleviation of CCl4-induced hepatocellular injury.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective activity of carrot (Daucus carota L.) against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in mouse liver. 750 Jun 38


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