Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and the pattern of its isoenzymes were studied in the tissues and sera of normal adult dogs. Small intestine mucosa showed the greatest total AP activity followed by kidney, bone, pancreas, liver, lung, skeletal muscle and heart muscle. After separation by agarose gel electrophoresis, each tissue showed only one isoenzyme except lung which showed two. The tissue isoenzymes, in decreasing order of migration distance towards the anode, were as follows: fast lung isoenzyme, liver or slow lung isoenzyme, the group consisting of skeletal muscle, bone, small intestine and pancreas isoenzymes and, finally, the kidney isoenzyme. Two isoenzymes occurred in serum. The major band corresponded to liver and the slow lung isoenzyme, while the minor band was considered to be the corticosteroid-induced isoenzyme, previously thought to be absent from normal serum. The AP isoenzyme patterns in lung and skeletal muscle and the presence of an isoenzyme migrating an identical distance to the corticosteroid-induced isoenzyme do not appear to have been reported before in normal dogs.
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PMID:Alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzymes in the tissues and sera of normal dogs. 371

Small intestine submucosal (SIS) membrane used in this study is a decellularized, naturally occurring nanofibrous scaffold derived from a submucosal layer of porcine small intestine. It is predominantly composed of type I collagen fibers. Here we studied the bio-templated growth of hydroxylapatite (HAP) bone minerals on the SIS membrane from a modified simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) at the body temperature, namely, under a near-physiological condition, in order to evaluate its bone bioactivity, the capability of the membrane in bonding with bone tissue once implanted in vivo. Minute HAP crystals were successfully nucleated on the SIS membranes from 1.5 SBF at the body temperature. The crystals were preferentially nucleated along the collagen fibers constituting the SIS membranes. HAP was the major crystalline mineral phase formed during the whole period of time and a minor crystalline phase of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) appeared after the membranes were incubated for 96 h. We also found that the mineralization for 8 h most significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by evaluating the formation of osteogenic markers in MSCs including alkaline phosphatase (early stage marker) as well as osteocalcin and osteopontin (late stage markers). Hence, SIS membranes show excellent bone bioactivity and once mineralized, can significantly promote the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
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PMID:Bio-Templated Growth of Bone Minerals from Modified Simulated Body Fluid on Nanofibrous Decellularized Natural Tissues. 2730 Dec 1