Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the adequacy of zinc and copper supplementation for infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), we performed 24-h balance studies in infants with diarrhea and infants who had recently undergone surgery. Measurements were made at base line, 1, and 2 wk. Mean serum Zn and Cu levels of the diarrhea group remained normal and were low in the postoperative group but normalized over the study period. Mean 24-h Zn and Cu balances were positive in infants with diarrhea and negative in postoperative infants. The high Zn and Cu content in the gastrointestinal fluid loss associated with surgery may have accounted in part for this finding. Normal serum levels of Zn and Cu did not guarantee positive balance. No significant changes were found in serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, or ceruloplasmin. The current Zn and Cu recommendations may be appropriate only for hospitalized infants who have no excessive gastrointestinal fluid losses.
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PMID:Zinc and copper balance studies in infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. 249 35

Assays for alkaline phospatase, beta-galactosidase, penicillinase and peroxidase were optimised for quantitation in microtitre plate wells. Their value as labels in microtitre plate enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for progesterone was assessed following coupling with 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 11-glucuronide using an active ester procedure. Bridge-heterologous antiserum (11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 11-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin as immunogen) was used to minimize bridge recognition. The limits of detection of the enzymes were in the order penicillinase greater than peroxidase greater than alkaline phosphatase greater than beta-galactosidase. Under appropriate conditions it was possible to achieve greater than 50% displacement of label with 50 pg of progesterone for all four labels.
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PMID:A comparison of alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, penicillinase and peroxidase used as labels for progesterone determination in milk by heterologous microtitre plate enzymeimmunoassay. 250 94

We report herein the correlation of changes in serum zinc with serum proteins, serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and body weight in 15% TBSA I. burned rabbits. Serum zinc concentration reduced immediately from 181.4 to 112.4 micrograms/dl, then gradually increased and finally approached normal on 15 postburn day. Similar changes were found in serum AKP activity. AKP activity in the burned group was much lower than that in the control group. Total serum protein and albumin contents were significantly reduced and was not recovered to normal levels on 15 postburn day. Serum albumin/globulin decreased but without a turnover. Body weight dropped to a minimum on 9 postburn day and was recovered on 15 postburn day. These results reveal a correlation of serum zinc concentration with serum protein, suggesting that zinc is closely related to protein synthesis. We conclude that serum AKP activity could be used as a diagnostic criterion of postburn hypozincemia as well as an index to assess the effectiveness of supplemental zinc in burns.
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PMID:[Correlation of changes in serum zinc with serum proteins and alkaline phosphatase in rabbits with burns]. 250 41

BALB/C female mice were given different dosages of TNF in 0.1 ml sterile PBS containing 1% human serum albumin. Control mice were injected with PBS and human albumin alone. Autopsy examination was carried out and blood biochemistry studied. The results showed that the LD50 was 6 X 10(7) mu/kg. There were serious hyperemia and inflammation of the organs of dead mice, while other smaller dosages of TNF caused acute toxicity of different degrees, except for the 3 X 10(6) mu/kg dosage. Changes of alkaline phosphatase were significant compared with control. Blood sugar increases correlated with the TNF dosage. Changes of GPT and BUN were insignificant. TNF levels in the sera of humans and rabbits were also studied following TNF injection. The serum level of TNF decreased rather quickly in both animals and patients: about 85% of TNF was lost within 5 min after TNF injection, and no TNF could be detected 6 hrs after injection.
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PMID:[Studies on acute toxicity and serum level changes of tumor necrosis factor]. 253 78

During a clinical trial of duration of chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 71 of 610 patients (11.6%) died in the first 3 weeks. Chemotherapy consisted of cyclophosphamide 1 g m-2 i.v. day 1, etoposide 100 mg t.d.s. orally days 1-3, vincristine 2 mg i.v. day 1. The time of death was found to be nonrandomly distributed within the first chemotherapy cycle, with a peak incidence between days 7 and 12 after chemotherapy. Patients were matched with controls who were the next cases entered into the study who did not die in the first 3 weeks. Patients dying early were more likely to have clinical hepatomegaly (P less than 0.0001), and ECOG score greater than or equal to 1 (P less than 0.00001). As a group these patients also had a higher alkaline phosphatase (P less than 0.0002), an elevated blood urea (P less than 0.00001) and a lower serum albumin (P less than 0.0001) than controls. It is probable that infection contributes to the death of these already ill patients at a time when the blood count is low. Early deaths have been noted in two other large trials using regimens including etoposide. Prophylactic antibiotics or dosage modification may prevent the early death of these high risk patients.
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PMID:Patients at risk of chemotherapy-associated toxicity in small cell lung cancer. 254 22

A culture system is described in which rat kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTE) can be prepared with good yield and high viability and grown in culture under serum-free conditions. The cells require EGF, insulin, cholera toxin and either 1% dialyzed serum or a complex of bovine serum albumin with oleic acid (BSA/OA). The cells can be maintained for long periods of time and express several markers for RPTE. The cells have both alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and respond to parathyroid hormone but not vasopressin. The specific activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase decreases when the cells begin to grow, but increases when they reach confluence. Extracellular calcium plays a role in the induction of gamma-glutamyltransferase in confluent cells. Cells grown in media containing low calcium, i.e. less than 0.4 mM, have reduced specific activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase. Extracellular calcium also alters the morphology of the cells in that cells grown in low calcium are single cells or loose clusters suggesting poor cell-cell contact. When the calcium is raised to 1.0 mM, the cells change their shape and organization to adopt the morphology of cells maintained continuously in 1.0 mM calcium. The cells can be passaged onto plastic surfaces which have been coated with collagen but cannot be subcultured on uncoated or serum coated plastic. This culture system will be a useful model for the investigation of renal carcinogenesis and the role of cell proliferation in that process.
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PMID:Rat kidney proximal tubule cells in defined medium: the roles of cholera toxin, extracellular calcium and serum in cell growth and expression of gamma-glutamyltransferase. 256 95

Serological tests may be of value in differentiating acute and chronic bile duct obstruction because the rate of alteration of hepatic cellular integrity and function will affect the rate of cellular product release. In a canine model the common bile duct was obstructed either suddenly (N = 7) or gradually (N = 5). A control group (N = 5) had the common bile duct dissected free from the surrounding tissues. Blood was taken before and 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17, 21, and 28 days after initiating obstruction. Serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were significantly greater with sudden compared to gradual occlusion, and the values were larger than those in the control. The range of values of alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase did not overlap in the acute and chronic groups at specific times. Serum albumin and total protein were normal in all groups. The magnitude of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin elevation may help in the differentiation of acute and chronic biliary obstruction.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of liver function tests in bile duct obstruction. 256 54

The influence of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on macromolecular permeability in the distal ileum has been studied. Using a rat experimental model, we determined the intestinal permeability to different sized dextrans (3000-70 000 daltons) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the absence and presence of LPC. We also examined the morphology of the ileal mucosa after deposition of LPC in the gut lumen, and determined N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, 5'-nucleotidase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in suspensions of isolated mucosal cells and different concentrations of LPC. We found that 20 mM LPC damaged the ileal mucosa and that it increased its permeability to all the molecules investigated. Moreover, mixtures of mucosal cells and 0.01-1 mM LPC showed increased N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity: the higher the LPC concentration, the higher the enzyme activity. These findings indicate that LPC, a naturally occurring surfactant in the intestine, might damage mucosal cells and release lysosomal enzyme activity, and that higher LPC concentrations may impair the mucosal barrier function and increase the gut permeability to macromolecules such as proteins. This could have relevance to the development of various disease states, in which increased intestinal absorption of macromolecules is of importance.
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PMID:Lysophosphatidylcholine increases rat ileal permeability to macromolecules. 257 78

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) significantly stimulated cellular alkaline phosphatase activity in a human osteoblastic osteosarcoma cell line (TE-85 cells) in serum-free medium with 0.1% bovine serum albumin as the hormone carrier in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. The extent of the maximal stimulation was greater and the minimal dose that was required for stimulation was lower than those previously reported for TE-85 cells in the presence of serum. The magnitude of the stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by 1,25(OH)2D3 varied with the cell density. Daily changes of conditioned medium, as compared with no medium changes, significantly reduced the magnitude of the stimulation, suggesting that endogenous factors secreted into culture medium could play an enhancing role. Finally, application of Northern blot analysis using an oligodeoxynucleotide probe corresponding to a unique sequence of the human bone/liver/kidney alkaline phosphatase cDNA coding region revealed that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the alkaline phosphatase mRNA level, suggesting that the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was a result of either an increase in the rate of transcription or an increase in message stability.
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PMID:Stimulation of cellular alkaline phosphatase activity and its messenger RNA level in a human osteosarcoma cell line by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 259 47

The present investigation was undertaken to clarify the essential role of zinc on bone protein synthesis in tissue culture. Calvariae were removed from 3-week-old male rats and cultured for periods up to 72 hr in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (high glucose, 4500 mg/dl) supplemented with antibiotics and bovine serum albumin. The calvariae were incubated for 24 hr at 37 degrees in 5% CO2/95% air in medium containing 10(-6)-10(-3) M dipicolinate, a chelator of zinc, and then the bones were transferred into medium containing either 10(-4) M zinc sulfate or vehicle without dipicolinate. Zinc content in bone tissues was decreased when the culture was treated with 10(-4) and 10(-3) M dipicolinate for 24 hr. When calvariae treated with 10(-4) M dipicolinate for 24 hr were further cultured in medium without dipicolinate for 24 and 48 hr, bone alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased by about 40% (P less than 0.01) of untreated bone enzyme activity. The decreased alkaline phosphatase activity was increased markedly by the presence of 10(-4) M zinc (about 2.5-fold of control value). This effect of zinc was blocked completely by the presence of 10(-7) M cycloheximide, but 10(-8) M actinomycin D caused only a partial inhibition. When calvariae treated with 10(-4) M dipicolinate were pulsed with [3H]proline, the incorporation of [3H]proline into the acid-insoluble residues of bone tissue was decreased by about 40% (P less than 0.01) of the value obtained from calvariae not treated with dipicolinate. The presence of 10(-4) M zinc caused an increase of about 2-fold in [3H]proline incorporation. Bone DNA content was not altered significantly by treatment with 10(-4) dipicolinate or 10(-4) M zinc. These results clearly indicate that endogenous zinc induces the stimulation of protein synthesis at the translational process in bone cells. The present study further supports the view that zinc plays an essential role for protein synthesis in bone cells.
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PMID:Effect of dipicolinate, a chelator of zinc, on bone protein synthesis in tissue culture. The essential role of zinc. 260 49


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