Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The inhibitory effect of beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc (AHZ) on bone resorption in tissue culture was investigated. Calvaria were removed from weanling rats (3-week-old male) and cultured for periods up to 48 h in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (high glucose, 4.5%) supplemented with antibiotics and bovine serum albumin. The experimental cultures contained 10(-7) to 10(-4) mol/l AHZ. The bone-resorbing factors, parathyroid hormone (1-34) (PTH; 10(-7) mol/l), prostaglandin E2 (10(-5) mol/l), interleukin-1 alpha (IL1 alpha; 50 U/ml), and lipopolysaccharide (10 micrograms/ml), caused a significant decrease in bone calcium content. The decreases in bone calcium content induced by bone-resorbing factors were completely inhibited by the coexistence of AHZ (10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/l). Also, AHZ (10(-5) mol/l) completely inhibited the PTH (10(-7) mol/l) or IL1 alpha (50 U/ml)-induced increase in medium glucose consumption and lactic acid production by bone tissue. Furthermore, AHZ (10(-5) mol/l) fairly blocked both PTH (10(-7) mol/l)-increased acid phosphatase and decreased alkaline phosphatase activities of bone tissue. The inhibitory effect of AHZ (10(-5) mol/l) on PTH (10(-7) mol/l)-stimulated bone resorption was clearly prevented by the presence of 10(-4) mol/l dipicolinate, a chelator of zinc. However, zinc sulfate (10(-7) to 10(-4) mol/l) did not inhibit the PTH (10(-7) mol/l)-stimulated bone resorption in tissue culture. These findings indicate that AHZ had a direct inhibitory effect on bone resorption in vitro, and the AHZ effect was found in the chemical form of zinc-chelated dipeptide.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc on bone resorption in tissue culture. 146 76

Thirty-five preterm (< 1500 g) infants were fed preterm human milk (PHM) supplemented with either powdered fortifier (PF) or liquid supplement (LS). Bone mineral content (BMC) of the distal third radius was measured by photon absorptiometry. Biochemical indices of nutritional and bone status were obtained every 2 weeks. The initial BMC for both feeding regimens were similar. BMC did not change over the study period for infants fed LS. Infants fed PF had BMC values greater than LS infants at weeks 2 and 4 of study. Only infants fed PF had BMC values that demonstrated a consistent increase. Serum total protein and phosphorus values were greater for PF infants at week 4 than LS infants. Weight, length, occipital-frontal circumference (OFC) gains, serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and vitamin D levels were similar in both groups. We conclude that products used to "enrich" PHM are adequate to meet the growth needs of the preterm infant. However, we found that infants fed the powdered fortified preterm human milk had higher bone mineralization than those fed the liquid supplemented human milk.
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PMID:Evaluation of liquid or powdered fortification of human milk on growth and bone mineralization status of preterm infants. 146 16

Reuber rat hepatoma cells (R-Y121B) cultured at 0.5% serum accumulated apoalkaline phosphatase in intact cells. When R-Y121B cells were cultured in the presence of bovine serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase activity increased in the cells, and the associated increase in enzyme activity differed amongst bovine serum albumin preparations. The treatment of bovine serum albumin with activated charcoal not only enhanced the effect of serum albumin on alkaline phosphatase activity, but also cancelled the differences due to different preparations of serum albumin. In contrast, no effect from serum albumin was observed in the increase of alkaline phosphatase activity in R-Y121B cell homogenates incubated at 37 degrees C. The activated-charcoal treatment of bovine serum albumin increased the amount of Zn2+ bound to the protein. When R-Y121B cells were cultured with bovine serum albumin, the concentration of Zn2+ in the cytosol fraction slightly increased. However, the effect of serum albumin on Zn2+ concentration in the cytosol fractions was independent of charcoal treatment. It was concluded that serum albumin with Zn2+ induces the activation of apoalkaline phosphatase due to Zn2+ binding.
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PMID:Activation of apoalkaline phosphatase by serum albumin with Zn2+ in rat hepatoma cells. 147 56

Conditions are described for using solid phase adsorbed jacalins in an immunocapture assay for IgA antibodies to the alkaline phosphatase of Schistosoma mansoni. Microtiter plates were activated with polylysine and jacalins were covalently adsorbed by means of glutaraldehyde. From three different jacalins, the one purified from seeds of Artocarpus tonkinensis showed the lowest non-specific adsorption and was used for further studies. Comparing solutions of bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin and Tween 20, it was shown that the latter was most successful in blocking non-specific adsorption. Low serum dilutions resulted in a less efficient IgA capture by the adsorbed jacalin than higher dilutions. Under optimal working conditions, a high correlation could be shown between the presence of specific anti-alkaline phosphatase antibodies of IgA isotype and IgG isotype.
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PMID:Immunocapture assay for quantification of human IgA antibodies to parasite antigenic enzymes. Application with the alkaline phosphatase of Schistosoma mansoni. 147 25

The metabolic effects of oophorectomy (Oophx) were studied in 6-month-old rats maintained on a normal chow diet. Nine weeks following operation, Oophx animals had a significantly lower femoral trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) than sham-operated animals; mean (SD) Oophx 8.5 (3.8)%; Sham 13.4 (2.5)%; P = 0.013). They also had a higher urine hydroxyproline (P less than 0.001), serum alkaline phosphatase activity (P less than 0.001), serum phosphate (P less than 0.001) and lower serum albumin (P less than 0.001) than the controls. Serum osteocalcin was inversely related to the BV/TV in the Oophx animals at 9 weeks post operation (r = -0.85, P = 0.007, n = 8). A fall in serum ionized calcium from 3 to 9 weeks post operation correlated with a fall in urinary hydroxyproline in the Oophx animals (r = 0.57, P = 0.002, n = 27). The data are consistent with a model of ovarian hormones acting directly to modulate bone cell activity as well as exerting an effect on the renal handling of phosphate.
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PMID:Effects of oophorectomy on biochemical and bone variables in the rat. 152 94

Twelve patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), stages I to III, received long-term therapy with a combination of 600 mg ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and 1 mg colchicine given daily for more than 2 years. Drug toxicity was mild; one patient experienced diarrhoea that was probably due to colchicine. Serum levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminotransferase decreased by more than 50% of the initial values. Serum albumin and cholesterol levels also improved, but immunoglobulins and anti-mitochondrial antibody titre did not change. Histologic features in the eight patients who received serial liver biopsies before and 2 years after the beginning of treatment were evaluated. Piecemeal necrosis and portal inflammation were improved, but there was no change in portal fibrosis. Patients were divided into two groups; the first received both drugs from the outset, and the second group were started on UDCA for 3 months followed by the addition of colchicine. After 3 months, the improvement in serum bilirubin and ALPase in the first group was greater than in the second. However, in the second group, the ALPase levels had decreased significantly when measured at 6 and 9 months after the treatment compared with the levels at 3 months. These findings suggest that UDCA and colchicine may have a synergistic effect. This combination therapy appears to be safe and effective, both clinically and histologically, for treating PBC.
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PMID:Combination therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid and colchicine for primary biliary cirrhosis. 161 Oct 15

Results of routine hematologic and serum biochemical analyses from 12 healthy adult male dogs that were given prednisone (0.55 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h) for 35 days were compared with those of a control group of 6 dogs that were given gelatin capsules. Analyses were performed at 2-week intervals during and after prednisone administration. Lymphocyte and eosinophil counts were significantly (P less than 0.005) decreased after 2 and 4 weeks of prednisone treatment, compared with controls. Two weeks after treatment, eosinophil counts in prednisone-treated dogs were similar to those of control dogs, whereas lymphocyte counts remained low 4 weeks after treatment in treated dogs (1,869 +/- 145 cells/microliters), compared with that in control dogs (3,662 +/- 548 cells/microliters). Neutrophil and monocyte counts did not significantly change during glucocorticoid administration. Mean platelet volume significantly (P less than 0.001) decreased after 4 weeks of prednisone treatment, but returned to pretreatment values by 2 weeks after treatment. Four weeks of prednisone treatment did not cause significant increased activity in serum alanine transaminase, total alkaline phosphatase or the steroid-induced isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. Significant increases in serum albumin (P less than 0.001) and total protein (P less than 0.05) concentrations were detected after 4 weeks of treatment, but mean values were not significantly different from those of controls 2 weeks after treatment ended. Results of our study indicate that eosinophil and lymphocyte counts are the most sensitive indicators of long-term glucocorticoid administration at anti-inflammatory dosages of 1.1 mg/kg daily.
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PMID:Hematologic and serum biochemical effects of long-term administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone in dogs. 162 72

The response of megakaryocytes and platelets to the administration of recombinant human interleukin-6 (IL-6) was investigated in normal and sublethally irradiated dogs. IL-6 was administered for 2 weeks at doses of 10 to 160 micrograms/kg/d to normal animals to assess dose-response and toxicity. Subsequently, 40, 80, or 160 micrograms/kg/d for 2 weeks was administered to animals treated with 200 cG total body irradiation. Analysis of normal dogs showed a significant increment in the platelet count detectable approximately 11 days after initiation of IL-6 at all administered doses. Large platelets greater than 6.3 microns in diameter were observed 1 day after beginning IL-6, progressively increasing to as many as 19.1% of the total circulating platelets by day 10. The ploidy distribution of the marrow megakaryocytes did not differ from the normal at doses of less than or equal to 80 micrograms/kg/d, but at 160 micrograms/kg/d, a shift toward higher ploidy cells was noted. No change in total white count was noted; however, a decrease in hematocrit was seen at all doses. In the irradiated animals, the platelet count recovered earlier in the IL-6-treated dogs than in the controls, but no consistent change in the ploidy distribution was observed irrespective of dose. Large platelets were also noted in the treated animals, comprising up to 6.9% of the total platelet count. Fibrinogen levels were elevated to greater than 4 times normal. A significant decrease in hematocrit was seen in all animals, while no consistent change was noted in the white count. Elevations in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and alkaline phosphatase, together with a decline in serum albumin were observed in all the treated animals (both normal and irradiated), but clinical symptoms were observed only in the dogs receiving greater than or equal to 80 micrograms/kg/d. The data show that IL-6 alone is capable of enhancing platelet recovery in dogs with bone marrow suppression.
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PMID:Thrombocytopoiesis in normal and sublethally irradiated dogs: response to human interleukin-6. 162

Study was undertaken to identify polypeptide factors in the commercially available ossein-mineral-compound and to see if they are present in a biologically relevant quantity. Using the guanidine-EDTA extraction, 35.7 +/- 0.1 mg proteins were obtained from 1 g of the ossein-mineral-compound. At concentration 1 micrograms/ml, guanidine-EDTA-extractable proteins stimulated the incorporation of thymidine into DNA by human bone cells to 581 +/- 122% (p less than 0.001) of that by bovine serum albumin-treated control cells, decreasing thereafter. Similarly, it stimulated the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the human bone cells. Growth factors IGF-I, IGF-II, and TGF-beta were identified in the ossein-mineral-compound. This leads to speculation regarding possible role of growth factors in explaining the beneficial effects of the compound in retarding bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.
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PMID:Quantitation of growth factors in ossein-mineral-compound. 165 84

Serum samples from 254 wild-caught Aotus nancymai were analyzed to determine the reference intervals for serum chemistry parameters in this species. Findings show values of total bilirubin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, urea nitrogen, serum albumin, and gamma glutamic transpeptidase having a non-normal distribution. Based on nonparametric tests, significant differences between male and female values were observed for cholesterol, serum calcium, and gamma glutamic transpeptidase. Males were significantly heavier than females. The reference intervals presented were estimated by the nonparametric percentile method.
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PMID:Serum chemistry of the wild caught karyotype I night monkey (Aotus nancymai). 165 42


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