Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This experiment was designed to compare 3 dose levels of aflatoxin B1 (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg of body weight) and 2 infection levels of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae (0 and 220) to determine whether an additive effect from aflatoxin B1 occurs when fascioliasis is present in dairy calves. Twenty-four male, Holstein calves, 4 weeks old, and averaging 45.8 kg each, were assigned at random to 6 treatment groups, 4 calves per group: group 1--negative control; group 2--0.5 mg of aflatoxin B1/kg; group 3--1.0 mg of aflatoxin B1/kg group 4--220 metacercariae; group 5--220 metacercariae plus 0.5 mg of aflatoxin B1/kg; and group 6-220 metacercariae plus 1.0 mg of aflatoxin B1/kg. The single oral dose of 220 metacercariae was given (groups 4, 5, and 6) at the start of the 10-week experiment, and 5 weeks later, the single oral dose of aflatoxin B1 was given (groups 2, 3, 5, 6). Results from the principals, as compared with that from the controls (group 1), included significant decreases of dry matter intake (P less than 0.006), body weight (P less than 0.024), and serum albumin (P less than 0.04), and in groups 4, 5, and 6 infected with 220 flukes, there were significantly increased values of prothrombin time (P less than 0.014), serum alkaline phosphatase (P less than 0.04), and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (P less than 0.007). Significant differences in number of flukes recovered from liver were seen in groups 4 to 6 given 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg of aflatoxin B1/kg (P less than 0.046). The single oral dose of 22* fluke metacercariae in groups 4, 5, and 6 resulted in significantly increased concentrations of serum total protein (P less than 0.003) and globulins (P less than 0.01). Results from the development of the flukes from metacercariae to the mature state with sizes, numbers, feeding habits, and pathologic lesions were described. Differences in numbers of flukes recovered from liver of groups 4 to 6 and the presence of pneumonia in calves of group 6 indicated aflatoxin B1 produced persisting, lowered resistance. In all animals necropsied, the liver was the organ most affected by aflatoxin B1 as well as with flukes. Periportal fibrosis, monocytic infiltration, fatty infiltration, and bile duct proliferation were the usual lesions induced by aflatoxin B1. Additive toxic effects were observed in the groups 5 and 6 dosed with flukes and aflatoxin B1, with significant variations of serum and plasma values, as well as increased severity of histopathologic changes.
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PMID:Toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 in male Holstein calves with prior infection by flukes (Fasciola hepatica). 85 Dec 69

Applications of centrifugal analysers to the field of clinical chemistry have been reviewed. Specific areas covered include recent developments in clinical enzymology with emphasis on aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. Also included are newer methods for uric acid, bilirubins and applications of enzyme linked immunoassays and immunochemical nephelometric techniques. Studies are described of the optimization of the BCG dye-binding procedure for serum albumin using an early absorbance reading.
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PMID:Progress and future of centrifugal analysers. 90 Jun 3

On the basis of a retrospective study of 79 well-documented cases of Hodgkin's disease it has been possible to determine the prognostic significance of several factors in regard to 3-year survival. All patients evaluated were in stage III or IV and receiving polychemotherapy. According to the survival curves, the following factors adversely affected the prognosis to a significant extent: clinical stage IV, the presence of systemic symptoms, male sex, and failure to receive maintenance therapy. Also, patients treated by polychemotherapy only on relapse following other prior treatment, had a somewhat worse prognosis, though in out patient material this was not statistically significant. Other criteria significantly affecting the probability of 3-year survival in a negative sense were: decreased activity index, anemia, lymphopenia, elevated alkaline phosphatase values, low serum albumin and high serum globulin values. Elevated sedimentation rate, leukocytosis and leukopenia had no statistically significant influence upon survival.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors concerning the survival time of Hodgkin's disease stage III and IV, treated with cytostatic agents]. 98 4

The incidence of coeliac disease amongst first-degree relatives of 115 patients with coeliac disease aged between nine and 75 years has been studied. Of 689 relatives 526 were living of whom 324 were willing to be investigated. One hundred and eighty-two relatives underwent jujunal biopsy. Forty-one were considered to have coeliac disease, 22 per cent of those biopsied, or 11-2 per cent of the available relatives. One-third of the relatives discovered to have coeliac disease were asymptomatic but all had at least one abnormal result amongst the laboratory indices used. Twenty-two per cent of the relatives with haemoglobin less than 13-0 g, 43 per cent with serum folate less than 3-0 pg/ml, 24 per cent with serum albumin less than 4-0 g/100 ml, with serum iron less than 60 mug/100 ml or with serum alkaline phosphatase above 13 K.A. units had coeliac disease. Less than 5 per cent of relatives with H.L.A. antigens other than H.L.A. 8 had coeliac disease compared with one in four of those with H.L.A. 8. The high percentage of relatives with H.L.A. 8 antigens or with anticonnective tissue antibodies, amongst those with non-specific biopsy appearances suggests that these groups also contain a number of relatives with varying degrees of gluten intolerance.
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PMID:Familial aspects of coeliac disease. 100 55

Some biochemical and cytological investigations were carried out with milk and milk serum, blood and blood serum of 87 cows, of which 57 manifested symptoms of subclinical mastitis and 25 were normal. It was established that the milk of animals having subclinical mastitis had lower content of lactose, inorganic phosphorus, and sialic acids; on the other hand chlorides were at a higher level, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase rose. Besides, the contents of serum albumin and gamma-lactoglobulins showed dependable rise, while those of alpha-lactoglobulin and beta-lactoglobulin dropped. Dependable was likewise the drop of the total protein level. However, no changes were found in the total protein content and the distribution of protein fractions in the blood serum of cows manifesting inflammation of the udder.
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PMID:[Biochemical and cytological changes in the milk and blood of cows with subclinical mastitis]. 103 Aug 69

Jaundice developing in critically ill or injuried patients should probably be thought of as a manifestation of severe sepsis until proven otherwise. Septic jaundice occurs in about 50 to 60 per cent of patients with generalized peritonitis. Biochemically, jaundice associated with bilirubin (particularly the direct fraction) and liver enzymes (particularly the alkaline phosphatase) and a decrease in the serum albumin. Histologically there is intrahepatic cholestasis. The etiology of these changes in unknown, but they appear to be due to an end organ response to sepsis. Optimal treatment involves control of the sepsis and maintenance of a glood flow of well-oxygenated blood to the liver.
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PMID:Hepatobiliary complications of sepsis. 104 57

Procedures developed for in vitro pellicle formation in intact enamel proved useful for relating qualitiative characteristics of dental pellicle to a number of factors. Coronal surfaces of extracted human molars from experimental and control groups were pumiced, sterilized, and incubated for two hours at 37 C in parotid saliva and distilled water, respectively. Pellicle proteins were desorbed sequentially with water and 0.2 M sodium phosphate, with a pH of 7.0. Polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis of the desorbates yielded distinct patterns, indicating selective adsorption of proteins from saliva, varying affinity to enamel, and the presence of proteins not acquired in vitro from saliva. Certain pellicle components, including amylase and IgA, showed a relatively weak affinity for enamel and were eluted in part by water; other proteins were desorbed only by phosphate buffer. Anionic electropherograms of the phosphate desorbates showed an increase in the two most anodic proteins relative to corresponding salivary bands. An intense anodic protein and two minor bands were eluted by water or buffer from the surface of control as well as experimental teeth but not from teeth coated with sealants. Serum albumin and alkaline phosphatase were identified as components of the extra-salivary material. Further investigation of the sources and functions of the constituents of the protein layer generally considered as "acquired" dental pellicle appears warranted.
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PMID:Characteristics of an in vitro dental pellicle. 106 Jun 64

Complete hepatic venous outflow obstruction (COB) in dogs resulted in impairment of hepatic function and cellular injury. Thus both the serum albumin concentration and the plasma clearance of indocyanine green (ICG) were reduced, whilst serum glycoproteins, aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase levels were increased. Partial outflow block (POB)resulted in less severe functional changes although a significant decrease in serum albumin was also observed. The changes in liver function in dogs with portacaval transposition (PCT) and COB were generally similar to those in dogs with COB alone. However, the increases in serum enzyme activities and the decrease in plasma clearance of ICG were greater in the group with PCT. A late improvement in the clearance of ICG in dogs with COB and PCT was probably related to retrograde portal flow. When the hepatic lesion was only moderate (POB) PCT had little effect on either the liver function tests or plasma clearance of ICG, although no improvement in function was observed. It is concluded that PCT has no beneficial effect on dogs with either severe or moderate hepatic lesion and may cause further functional deterioration.
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PMID:Effect of portacaval transposition on hepatic function in dogs with obstruction to the hepatic venous outflow. 114 62

Nuclear magnetic quadrupole relaxation appears to be a general method for studying the binding of anions to proteins. This is shown by the increase in transverse quadrupole relaxation rate of 35Cl- and 81Br- in the presence of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, lysozyme, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, human carbonic anhydrase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and human serum albumin. Of the many possible binding sites at the surface of a protein (e.g. positively charged amino acid side-chains) only a few account for the main part of the relaxation enhancement. This is shown by the decrease in 35Cl- and 81Br- relaxation rate on addition of functional ligands. Large, kinetically inert, complex anions like Pt(CN)2-4 and Au(CN)-2 are found to act as strong competitors towards halogen ions for the high-affinity anion binding sites of a number of proteins. Titrations with complex anions following the 35Cl- or 81Br- relaxation rates are found to be helpful in attempts to elucidate binding mechanisms. Especially, the complex anions may be useful probes for the discrimination between general and metallic anion binding sites in proteins and they also permit correlation of information from X-ray investigations of crystals with that from physical measurements in solution. From the change in halide ion quadrupole relaxation rate on addition of strongly binding ligands the quadrupole coupling constants of the high affinity Cl- and Br- binding sites are estimated using certain assumptions. It is found that for several proteins, comprising the metal-free proteins but also alcohol dehydrogenase and Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase, the 35Cl quadrupole coupling constants have approximately the same values. For some other metallo-proteins like carbonic anhydrase and a zinc - serum-albumin complex considerably greater quadrupole coupling constants were obtained. The estimated quadrupole coupling constants are used as a basis for a discussion of the interactions involved in anion-protein interactions.
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PMID:Pt(CN)2-4 and Au(CN)-2: potential general probes for anion-binding sites of proteins. 35Cl and 81Br nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies. 120 23

Venous blood samples were collected monthly from 60 male and 60 female Sinclair (S-1) miniature swine from 1 through 36 months of age. Serum total protein concentration increased linearly from 1 through 10 months of age and remained stable thereafter with no sex related difference. Serum albumin concentration decreased from 1 through 3 months, increased from 3 through 8 months and decreased from 14 through 36 months. From 2 through 36 months, serum alpha-globulin concentration decreased; whereas, serum beta-globulin concentration increased. Serum gamma-globulin concentration increased markedly from 1 through 3 months and continued to increase through 36 months of age. From 10 through 36 months, males had a greater mean serum gamma-globulin concentration than did females. Serum total globulin concentration increased most rapidly from 1 through 3 months, less rapidly from 3 through 18 months and remained stable thereafter. Serum albumin/globulin ratio decreased sharply from 1 through 3 months and continued to decrease from 6 through 36 months with females having a greater mean concentration than males. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity decreased from 1 through 30 months with males having a greater mean activity than females from 7 through 36 months of age. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity decreased from 1 through 36 months of age with no sex related difference. Serum lactic dehydrogenase activity decreased from 1 through 30 months with females having a greater mean activity than males from 24 through 36 months of age.
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PMID:Serum protein concentrations and enzyme activities, as functions of age and sex, in Sinclair (S-1) miniature swine. 126 77


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