Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoassay for the measurement of ursodeoxycholic acid in human serum was developed. Ursodeoxycholic acid conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (from calf intestine) was used as a tracer. An antiserum to ursodeoxycholic acid serum was raised in rabbits using ursodeoxycholic acid--bovine serum albumin conjugate as an antigen. The binding required 1 hr at 42 degrees C; separation of the bound tracer was achieved by addition of a second antibody, and alkaline phosphatase activity of this bound complex was measured colorimetrically. The ratio of bound to total enzyme activity decreased linearly with a logarithmic increase in ursodeoxycholic acid concentration from 20 to 900 pmol. The specificity and sensitivity of this enzyme-linked immunoassay were similar to those of a radioimmunoassay reported previously. The serum ursodeoxycholic acid levels measured by this method correlated well with those determined by gas--liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Based on these findings, this enzyme-linked immunoassay of bile acid might be useful as a tool for the routine clinical analysis of serum bile acids.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunoassay of ursodeoxycholic acid in serum. 43 64

Admission serum triiodothyronine (T3) values in 124 patients hospitalized for alcoholic liver disease were correlated with clinical and laboratory indices of liver function and commonly used determinants of thyroid function. Patients with low admission serum T3 levels had significant alterations in serum albumin, bilirubin, prothrombin time, and alkaline phosphatase associated with clinical signs of portal hypertension and collateral circulation, with little difference in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, or serum ornithine carbamyl transferase. This group also had a significant decrease in free T3 index despite an increase in T3 uptake; the slight reduction in total thyroxine (T4) was associated with an increase in free T4 index and no change in serum thyrotropin (TSH). For patients with alcoholic liver disease, low admission serum T3 and free T3 index values when accompanied by normal serum T4, free T4 index, and TSH levels appear to be indicative of severe liver dysfunction and increased mortality risk.
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PMID:Serum triiodothyronine and other clinical and laboratory indices of alcoholic liver disease. 46 36

When correction was made for hypoalbuminaemia, 23 of 50 ambulant patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were found to have hypercalcaemia. When these 23 patients were studied 6 months later, 7 had hypercalcaemia as defined by the correction factor for a low serum albumin level, and 6 of these patients had raised serum ionised calcium concentrations. Biochemical studies in the 23 patients indicated evidence of hyperparathyroidism, namely, hypophosphataemia, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, hyperchloraemia, and reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium. However, serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations were normal. Only one patient had an abnormally low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D result: this patient had a high level of urinary D-glucaric acid and was receiving phenobarbitone for treatment of epilepsy. The biochemical features suggestive of parathyroid overactivity were particularly found in patients with raised serum calcium levels. The cause of hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis remains to be explained.
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PMID:Hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: investigation of its causes and implications. 51 39

The effect of antithyroid treatment on the disturbed calcium-phosphorus metabolism in hyperthyroidism was studied in 16 patients. Elevated serum concentrations and urinary excretions of calcium and phosphorus were almost normalized 4 weeks after the start of medical treatment. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was decreased in the hyperthyroid state and became normal after medical treatment. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated throughout the study with an increase to a maximum peak after 8 weeks of antithyroid treatment. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion was initially markedly increased and fell rapidly during therapy. The observed changes suggest decreased bone resorption and increased bone formation with deposition of bone mineral after antithyroid treatment. Alterations in the serum albumin concentration during the investigation period influenced the total serum calcium concentration. Using albumin adjusted serum calcium values no hypocalcaemia was found during medical treatment or after a subsequent subtotal thyroidectomy.
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PMID:Effect of antithyroid treatment on calcium-phosphorus metabolism in hyperthyroidism. I: Chemical quantities in serum and urine. 58 May 20

Holotyrosine phenol-lyase (EC 4.1.99.2), a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)- requiring enzyme, was shown to rapidly dissociate when injected into BDF1 mice. The holoenzyme dissociated when incubated in plasma but not 0.01 M potassium phosphate (pH 7.4) buffer at 37 degrees C. A nonspecific alkaline phosphatase from calf intestine was found to inactivate the holoenzyme at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. This inactivation was inhibited in the presence of 0.5 M potassium phosphate buffer. Two other PLP-requiring enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) were inactivated by alkaline phosphatase in a similar manner. Incubation of holotyrosine phenol-lyase in the presence of bovine serum albumin also resulted in a reduction of holoenzyme activity but partially protected the enzyme from inactivation by alkaline phosphatase. A nuclear fraction having PLP-hydrolyzing activity also inactivated holotyrosine phenol-lyase. A regulatory function for alkaline phosphatase in the metabolism of PLP-requiring enzymes is suggested by these data.
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PMID:Albumin and alkaline phosphatase as factors involved in the regulation of tyrosine phenol-lyase activity. 65 5

Liver function tests were performed in severe and mild diabetic rats and under the influence of ATP. In mild diabetics the serum cholesterol was significantly increased, while in severe diabetes the serum cholesterol was significantly lower than in mild diabetes. The decreased serum cholesterol in severe diabetes may be an indication for the development of fatty liver. The serum alkaline phosphatase and serum bilirubin were significantly increased in both the severe and mild diabetic states, while the thymol turbidity test was insignificantly changed in both states of diabetes. Serum albumin was significantly decreased in 10 days mild diabetes, while it was insignificantly changed in 48 hrs severe diabetic animals. The effect of ATP was investigated in mild diabetes. ATP resulted in a significant increase in serum albumin and a decrease in total globulins with the resultant increase in A/G ratio. The serum alkaline phosphatase exhibited a significant reduction under the influence of ATP. The elevated cholesterol of mild diabetic rats remained significantly elevated and was not reduced by ATP, though the fat content of the liver showed a significant reduction. This may be due to more rapid mobilisation of fat from the liver under the influence of ATP. ATP showed no significant effect on serum bilirubin and thymol turbidity test. the histopathological examination of the liver revealed that administration of ATP to alloxan diabetic rats had a beneficial effect. It resulted in disappearrance of the fat globules from the liver cells.
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PMID:Effect of ATP on liver function tests in experimental diabetes. 65 50

The effects of smoking during pregnancy on maternal body composition and the fetoplacental unit were investigated serially in well-matched groups of 29 normal, healthy primigravid smokers and 31 nonsmokers. The babies of smokers were lighter by an average of 138 g, and there was a greater proportion of small-for-dates infants among smokers compared with nonsmokers. There was a failure in expansion of mean plasma volume and total body water in patients who smoked throughout pregnancy compared with nonsmokers. No differences were demonstrated in serum protein, intravascular protein mass, serum albumin, intravascular albumin mass, serum electrolytes, serum osmolality, urinary estriol excretion, fetal biparietal diameter, or weekly growth rate between the 2 groups. The concentration of serum heat-stable alkaline phosphatase at 34 and 38 weeks' gestation, during the second stage of labor, and in the early puerperium was significantly higher in smokers. It is postulated that smoking unfavorably alters maternal body composition which is manifested in poor overall performance with the consequent production of smaller infants. The effects of tobacco smoke on the fetus may possibly be mediated via the placenta.
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PMID:Smoking during pregnancy. Its effect on maternal metabolism and fetoplacental function. 70 79

Furosemide is frequently used for ascites and causes adverse reactions (AR). In an intensive prospective drug monitoring study of 1,920 patients, 172 (8.9%) had cirrhosis of the liver and received furosemide. Mean age was 53 years, and 66.3% were male; and 87% had alcoholic cirrhosis. Eighty-eight (51.2%) had 221 events that by consensus of the monitoring team and attending physicians were either definitely of probably related to furosemide. No AR was fatal but 24% of patients had severe reactions. Almost all reactions were dose-related (96%). The most common were electrolyte disturbances (23.3% of patients) and volume depletion (14%). Furosemide-induced coma occurred in 20 (11.6%) patients and was more frequent in patients with prior hepatic encephalopathy (p less than 0.0005). Higher total doses (p less than 0.001), hyerbilirubinemia (p less than 0.05), prolonged prothrombin time (p less than 0.02), and longer hospital stay (p less than 0.001) were associated with higher frequencies of AR to furosemide. The frequency of hypokalemia did not decrease when potassium chloride or potassium-sparing diuretics were added to furosemide therapy. Frequdncy of AR did not correlate with age, sex, renal impairment, serum albumin, transaminase, or alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Furosemide-induced adverse reactions in cirrhosis of the liver. 75 67

An original method of statistical treatment of biological data is proposed. It permits satisfactory biochemical classification of 322 patients divided up into 3 groups : intrahepatic cholestasis (235 patients), extrahepatic obstruction (44 patients) and carcinoma of the liver (43 patients). On the basis of 32 tests, it was possible to define discriminating areas permitting satisfactory diagnosis in 95 per cent of published cases. The reduction in the number of tests necessary for diagnosis was considered. The selection technic used was original to the extent that it dose not require, like most methods used today, the determination of better individual discriminators, but the establishment of a better discriminating subunit, obtained from the initial subunit composed of a group of variables. From the 32 parameters contained in the standard liver function tests, a search for a better discriminating subunit consisting of the best four tests, permitted the authors to select a group of 10 tests : bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase, Thymolturbidity, Cetavlon test, serum albumin, total LDH, TGP (ALAT), OCT, GLDH, of which the discriminating value remains very satisfactory.
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PMID:[Statistical evaluation of biochemical data by the method of discrimination analysis. Selection of the discriminant biochemical variables. Attempted biochemical discrimination of intrahepatic cholestasis, extrahepatic obstruction and liver cancer]. 77 46

Fifty-one leprosy patients receiving long-term clofazimine have undergone systematic clinical laboratory testing in a search for any toxicity secondary to the drug. In approximately 220 patient-years of observation and in analyzing approximately 40,000 test results, no statistically significant changes in the direction of abnormality have been observed in SGOT, thymol turbidity, serum globulins, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, white blood cell count or differential, hematocrit, hemoglobin, BUN, serum creatinine, serum cholesterol, serum albumin, serum potassium, serum calcium, stool for occult blood, routine urinalysis, or reticulocyte count. Statistically significant changes toward abnormality were found in fasting blood sugar and total serum bilirubin. These statistically significant changes in the direction of abnormality were of a small magnitude, were not associated with related clinical signs or symptoms, and do not seem to be of major clinical significance. Despite the accumulation of relatively massive amounts of the drug in various tissues, clofazimine appears remarkably free of serious or life-threatening toxicity clinically. Although the skin and gastrointestinal side effects of clofazimine limit its usefulness, on the evidence to date, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages in those leprosy patients for whom it is indicated.
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PMID:Long-term clinical toxicity studies with clofazimine (B663) in leprosy. 82 10


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