Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The rat brains homogenized with different media (sucrose, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide and urea) yielded different amounts of microsomal fractions. The dielectric constant, density and viscosity of the homogenization media did not correlate with the amount of microsomes separated by differential centrifugation. The homogenization media containing dimethyl sulfoxide were the most efficient for the isolation of rat brain microsomes. The increase in the yield was up to 4-fold when 50% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide was employed. Microsomes isolated in this manner were analogous to those obtained from isotonic sucrose solution, as was demonstrated by their chemical and enzymatic (5'-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase, guanine deaminase, purine-nucleoside phosphorylase, lactate, malate and glutamate dehydrogenases, amine oxidase fumarate hydratase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, catalase and thiamine-diphosphatase) characterization.
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PMID:An improved method for the preparation of rat brain microsomes. 371 74

Blood samples taken from domestic or wild ruminant animals typically require transportation to an analytical laboratory. Depending on circumstances, several hours or even a few days may pass between sampling and analysis. Several diagnostic plasma enzymes were measured in bovine blood samples immediately after sampling and after storage under a variety of conditions. Conditions studied included storing whole heparinized blood at 20 C for 6 hours, storage at 4 C for 3 and 5 days, and freezing freshly prepared plasma once and 4 times before analysis. For studies of erythrocyte enzymes, fresh erythrocytes were compared with erythrocytes frozen once, frozen 4 times, and prepared from whole blood stored for one week at 4 C. None of these conditions deteriorated erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. The serum pseudoacetylcholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase were not affected by any storage condition used. By contrast, acid phosphatase was significantly decreased by all storage conditions used. Ornithine carbamoyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were stable under some of the storage conditions tested.
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PMID:Storage stability of some bovine plasma enzymes. 392 97

Health effects of occupational organophosphate exposure were investigated by subjecting 22 workers chronically exposed to an organophosphate pesticide, fenthion (O,O-dimethyl-O-(4-methylmercapto-3-methylphenyl)-phosphorothioate) to clinical evaluation, estimation of serum cholinesterase, serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). The mean age of the workers was 31 years and the mean duration of fenthion exposure 8.2 years. Headache (59%), giddiness (50%), ocular symptoms (27%) and paresthesia (18%) were the commonest symptoms. Serum acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase levels were significantly lower than in controls. After withdrawing the workers from organophosphate exposure for 3 weeks, the follow-up study revealed absence of transient symptoms. There was no change in their neurological status, and serum acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase levels were raised significantly, whereas the other serum enzymes showed no significant change. For monitoring of occupational organophosphate exposure, the importance of both clinical and biochemical parameters is emphasised.
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical changes in chronically exposed organophosphate workers. 398 71

Inhibition in acetylcholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase activities with an elevation in acid phosphatase activity were recorded in a freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne Edwards) after sublethal dichlorvos exposure under static conditions. The possible role of these enzymes in the physiology of prawns and the probable mechanism of these changes in relation to dichlorvos intoxication are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Dichlorvos intoxication in a freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne Edwards). 400 39

Exposure of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne Edwards) to a lethal dose (96-hr LC50;0.78 mg/l) of dichlorvos for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr induced inhibition in acetylcholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase activities and enhanced acid phosphatase activity. Hepatic glycogen values were depleted while the blood glucose level was increased up to 72 hr of exposure. After 96 hr of dichlorvos exposure hypoglycemia was recorded. The possible role of these changes in the dichlorvos intoxication is discussed.
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PMID:Nature of dichlorvos intoxication in a freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne Edwards). 401 89

For evaluation of neurotoxicity of 1,3-bis[2-chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) effects of the compound were examined on histoenzymatic activity of some phosphatases and esterases and on karyometry and DNA cytophotometry in brain neurocytes of the progeny of mothers who had been given the drug during pregnancy. The studies were performed on young, 14 and 28 days old rats of Wistar strain originating from mothers given intraperitoneal BCNU injections on the 12th and 18th day of pregnancy. Material of the studies included neurocytes of frontal cortex, parietal cortex and of trigeminal nerve nucleus in which enzymatic activities of some phosphatases and esterases were estimated and which were subjected to karyometric and DNA cytophotometric measurements, using Morphoquant automated microscopic image analyzer (VEB Carl Zeiss, Jena). The experiments documented decreased nonspecific esterase and ATPase activities and increased activities of acetylcholinesterase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in neurocytes of experimental animals, as compared to control animals of the corresponding age. The changes were noted both in 14 and 28 days old animals. Changes in thiamine pyrophosphate phosphohydrolase (TTPase) enzymatic activity were of different type in dependence upon age of the animals (increased activity in 28 days old rats, decreased activity in 14 days old rats). In animals subjected to BCNU action in fetal life several karyo- and cytophotometric changes were noted also: circumference and area of cell nuclei cross-sections were decreased, cell nuclei became more round, relative DNA content of cell nuclei increased with parallel increases in compactness and concentration of nuclear chromatin. Karyometric changes showed similar character in both age groups while changes in DNA cytophotometry were more evident in 14 days old rats.
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PMID:Effect of BCNU, administered to pregnant female rats, on morphology and histochemistry of brain neurocytes in the progeny. 404 54

In model experiments using human erythrocytes, glycochenodeoxycholate caused extensive membrane damage (as judged by release of membrane phospholipid and acetylcholinesterase and by cell lysis) at approximately 10-fold lower concentrations than glycocholate. Chenodeoxycholate feeding had no effect upon the total protein, bile salt or phospholipid concentration of rat bile, although evidence is presented to suggest an expansion of the bile salt pool occurred. Rats fed chenodeoxycholate showed a dose-dependent enrichment of this bile acid in bile; this occurred mainly at the expense of cholate. Chenodeoxycholate feeding resulted in an increased biliary output of the plasma membrane enzymes alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase; the hepatic activities of these enzymes were also increased. In contrast, the biliary output and hepatic activities of two other plasma membrane enzymes, alkaline phosphodiesterase I and L-leucine-beta-naphthylamidase, were unaffected by chenodeoxycholate feeding. A greater proportion of all four plasma membrane enzymes studied existed in bile of chenodeoxycholate-fed rats in a "soluble" form (as judged by their remaining in the supernatant on centrifugation of bile). These results are discussed in relation to the origin of plasma membrane enzymes in bile and to the potential toxicity of chenodeoxycholate and its conjugates to the membranes of the hepatobiliary system.
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PMID:Effect of chenodeoxycholate feeding upon the biliary output of plasma membrane enzymes in the rat. 608 20

A follow-up study was conducted with 50 healthy parous volunteer women in India to ascertain the effect of a long-acting progestogen contraceptive on serum enzymes and hepatic function. The women received an intramuscular injection of a long-acting contraceptive, DMPA (depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate), in a dose of 150 mg every 3 months for 2 years. Women with a past history of jaundice, diabetes, hypertension, or eclampsia were excluded from the study. The activity of SGOT, SGPT, and AP (alkaline phosphatase) did not show any change during the longterm treatment. This result would indicate normal hepatic function and the absence of any damage or injury to the liver cells. Activity of serum ACP (acid phosphatase) and AChE (acetylcholinesterase) in red cells did show significant increase, which continued up to the end of the study. Results of the study indicate that DMPA is a suitable contraceptive for use in India, particularly since it does not cause the common side effects associated with oral contraceptives and does not affect liver function.
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PMID:Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception on human serum enzymes. 611 6

Undifferentiated type 2C fibers, which are dark on ATPase staining with both alkaline and acid preincubation, comprised on average 16.1% of the muscle fibers in 12 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Many of type 2C fibers had characteristics of regenerating fibers: basophilic cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei with occasional prominent nucleoli, high alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activity, and also high oxidative enzyme activity at the periphery of the fiber. A localized high acetylcholinesterase activity suggested the presence of a neuromuscular junction in some of the type 2C fibers. In serial sections, histochemical reactions characteristic of the type 2C fiber were present in segments of a single fiber, which in other parts was either a type 1 or a type 2 fiber. Since most of the opaque (hyaline, dark) fibers, which previously have been thought to be precursors of necrotic fibers, behaved as differentiated type 1 or type 2 fibers, the presence of type 2C fibers in DMD may not reflect "dedifferentiation" of fiber type, but rather indicate an active regenerating process. It remains unknown whether the type 2C fiber segments in DMD develop into fully differentiated functional fibers or remain as incompletely regenerated fibers.
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PMID:The significance of type 2C muscle fibers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 616 59

Oral application of lindane at a dose of 2 mg/100 g body weight of rat/day for 15 days produced alterations in the activities of several enzymes viz, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase and inorganic pyrophosphatase in different organs and serum. Histological changes in liver and kidney tissues and changes in whole liver and liver plasma membrane lipids were also noted by chronic administration of lindane. Partial alleviation of the toxic symptoms with respect to some of these parameters were noted by high dose administration of L-ascorbic acid.
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PMID:Effects of high dose application of lindane to rats and influence of L-ascorbic acid supplementation. 618 25


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