Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An immunoassay for the quantitation of erythrocyte surface acetylcholinesterase is described; using a red cell suspension, bound mouse monoclonal acetylcholinesterase antibody is detected by an alkaline phosphatase conjugated rabbit anti mouse IgG. Extraction is not required. In addition, the activity of erythrocyte surface acetylcholinesterase using dithiobisnitrobenzoate to detect released thiocholine has been measured. The coefficient of variation for each method is 7%. Reference ranges have been established for healthy adults and cord blood.
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PMID:Immunological assay of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. 177 67

In the structures of the nucleus supraopticus, changes of the activity of some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, butyrylcholinesterase, succinate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) were studied in rat brains exposed to high supralethal doses of gamma radiation at early time interval after irradiation. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase increased in the wall of blood capillaries after irradiation with 50, 150, 500 Gy. The dose of 500 Gy induced the most pronounced activity. These membrane enzymes are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. The activity of acid phosphatase, acid nonspecific esterase and thiamine pyrophosphatase increased in magnocellular neurons after irradiation with all doses of gamma radiation. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase showed a decreased activity in neurons, neuropil and capillaries.
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PMID:Effect of ionizing radiation on the nucleus supraopticus. 183 85

We have previously shown that two ectoenzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and alkaline phosphatase, are released from the surface and from particulate fractions of the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PtdIns-PLC) of bacterial origin. Exposure to PtdIns-PLC not only removes large amounts of AChE from the surface of intact, viable Schistosoma in culture, but is accompanied by a concomitant increase in overall levels of AChE in the parasite. The same phenomenon is observed with PtdIns-PLC from two different bacterial sources; Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus thuringiensis. The increase in AChE levels may be ascribed to de novo synthesis since exposure to PtdIns-PLC, in the presence of the protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, totally blocked the increase in AChE activity. Furthermore, PtdIns-PLC induced an increased incorporation of [35S]methionine into the AChE immunoprecipitated by a specific anti-AChE serum. This increase is selective for AChE, since total protein synthesis remained almost unchanged after PtdIns-PLC addition, and little or no effect was observed on the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase, which is also glycophosphatidylinositol anchored. Since cleavage of the phosphatidylinositol anchor by PtdIns-PLC should liberate diacylglycerol, which may act as second messenger, we investigated the effect of exogenous diacylglycerols on the synthesis of AChE in S. mansoni. Three different diacylglycerols were tested as possible inducers of AChE activity in the parasite. Both 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol were able to increase AChE activity by 35-40% at concentrations of 25 micrograms/ml. A higher concentration of 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (70 micrograms/ml) was needed to produce an equivalent effect. Moreover, addition of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, together with the calcium ionophore A23187, produced a similar increase in AChE activity. Finally, polymixin B, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, partially blocked the increase in AChE activity induced by PtdIns-PLC. Our results suggest the involvement of glycophosphatidyl membrane-anchor breakdown products as putative second messengers in the parasite S. mansoni.
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PMID:Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C induces biosynthesis of acetylcholinesterase via diacylglycerol in Schistosoma mansoni. 184 73

Local cerebral blood flow and local cerebral glucose utilization were measured using quantitative autoradiography in parallel groups of rats (n = 5-7) which 12-15 weeks previously had undergone limited unilateral ibotenate-induced lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, followed by implantation into ipsilateral neocortex of primordial basal forebrain cell suspensions. Surviving transplants were visualized by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. Neither lesion alone nor the presence of a transplant produced significant side-to-side differences in either blood flow or glucose use in any of the 20 brain areas measured. Glucose use within the transplant was independent of the site of implantation. When sited in neocortex, glucose use in the transplant (66 +/- 4 mumol/100 g per min) was significantly lower than in the corresponding contralateral site (113 +/- 3 mumol/100 g per min), whereas when sited in subcortical white matter, glucose use (53 +/- 3 mumol/100 g per min) was significantly higher than in the contralateral side (29 +/- 4 mumol/100 g per min). In the host brain as a whole, the ratio of blood flow to glucose use ipsilateral to the transplant (m = 1.27, r = 0.88) was not significantly different from that of the contralateral side (m = 1.30, r = 0.94). This relationship was also observed within the transplanted tissue itself despite the fact that alkaline phosphatase histochemistry revealed a relative hypervascularization associated with the implantation site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Normal cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms are present in intracerebral neuronal transplants. 187 Jul 7

1. The intravenous median lethal doses (LD50), protease, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, L-amino acid oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase A, 5'-nucleotidase, hyauronidase and anticoagulant activities of fourteen samples of venoms from the four common species of krait (Bungarus caeruleus, Bungarus candidus, Bungarus multicinctus and Bungarus fasciatus) were examined. 2. The results indicate that even though there are individual variations in the biological properties of the krait venoms, interspecific differences in the properties can be used for differentiation of the venoms from the four species of Bungarus. Particularly useful for this purpose are the LD50's and the contents of 5'-nucleotidase and hyaluronidase of the venoms.
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PMID:A comparative study of the biological properties of krait (genus Bungarus) venoms. 197 50

1. The hemorrhagic, procoagulant, anticoagulant, protease, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, L-amino acid oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, arginine ester hydrolase, phospholipase A, 5'-nucleotidase and hyaluronidase activities of 39 samples of venoms from 13 species (15 taxa) of Australian elapids were determined and the Sephadex G-75 gel filtration patterns for some of the venoms were also examined. 2. The results indicate that Australian elapid venoms can be divided into two groups: procoagulant Australian venoms (including N. scutatus, N. ater, O. scutellatus, O. microlepidotus, P. porphyriacus, T. carinatus, H. stephensii and P. textilis) and non-procoagulant Australian venoms (including A. superbus, P. colletti, P. australis, P. guttatus and A. antarcticus). 3. The non-procoagulant Australian venoms exhibited biological properties similar to other elapid venoms, while the procoagulant Australian venoms exhibited some properties characteristic of viperid venoms. 4. The data show that information on venom biological properties can be used for differentiation of many species of Australian elapids. 5. Particularly useful for this purpose are the hyaluronidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, acetylcholinesterase, and the procoagulant activities and the Sephadex G-75 gel filtration patterns of the venoms.
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PMID:A comparative study of the biological properties of Australian elapid venoms. 198 49

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, first described in the late 19th century, is an acquired disorder characterized by hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. The major clinical manifestation of PNH is chronic intravascular hemolysis of various severity. Patients-mostly young adults - may also present with episodes of abdominal or back pain. Common cause of death is thrombosis especially of the hepatic veins. Granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia may be the initial manifestation of PNH, indicating that the disorder is a primary bone-marrow disease, affecting not only the erythrocytes but also other peripheral blood cells and the haematopoietic stem cell. The course of the disease is variable. Partial complete recovery was described, but also fatal thrombosis. The major phenotypic expression of PNH is an increased susceptibility of the erythrocytes to the lytic action of complement in vitro. The enhanced complement susceptibility is most probably due to membrane defects: two membrane proteins regulating the complement cascade in PNH cells were missing, the decay-accelerating factor, DAF, inhibiting the activation of the lytic complement complex and the C8 binding protein, C8bp, which interferes with the lytic process. Aside from the lack of the complement regulators also other membrane defects have been described (e.g. of acetylcholinesterase or alkaline phosphatase). The proteins as well as DAF and C8bp are linked to the cell membrane via a phosphatidylinositol (PI) anchor, leading to the speculation that the disease results from a deficiency in the post-translational PI anchoring mechanism. The diagnosis of PNH is based on the Hamtest, but will be extended to the quantitation of the above described membrane proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]. 218 38

Microwave-stimulated enzyme incubations for acetylcholinesterase, 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase and isocitric dehydrogenase were studied, and compared with incubations in a waterbath. Temperature settings of 37 degrees C and 50 degrees C were used, and the incubation times were varied from 30 seconds to 30 minutes. The desired temperature of the incubation solution was reached in the microwave oven within 1 minute, whilst in the waterbath it took 10 to 25 minutes. The microscopic results for alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase at a temperature setting of 50 degrees C were superior in the microwave method for incubation times less than 15 minutes. It is postulated that the increased reaction product of alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase is due to a temperature effect, which has to be large enough to be of practical value. For the other enzymes studied, microwave-stimulated incubations were no better than the conventional incubations at corresponding temperatures. For 5'-nucleotidase there were aspecific lead deposits in the microwave method. All enzymes performed at the elevated, unphysiological temperature of 50 degrees C proved to have advantages, except for 5'-nucleotidase, whilst for malate dehydrogenase there was an aspecific reduction of the colour developer at this temperature.
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PMID:Microwave-stimulated brain enzyme incubations are possible at the unphysiological condition of 50 degrees C. 224 28

The effect of ultraviolet (uv) light on embryonic development was examined in the ascidian Styela clava. uv irradiation (3.0 x 10(-3) J mm-2) of the entire surface of fertilized eggs during ooplasmic segregation prevented gastrulation, sensory cell induction, and embryonic axis formation. The uv-irradiated embryos completed ooplasmic segregation and cleaved normally, but vegetal blastomeres did not invaginate at the beginning of gastrulation, sensory cells in the larval brain did not develop tyrosinase or melanin pigment, and the larval tail did not develop. Endoderm, epidermis, and muscle cells differentiated in the uv-irradiated embryos, however, as evidenced by expression of endodermal alkaline phosphatase (AP), an epidermal-specific antigen, and alpha-actin, myosin heavy chain, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in muscle cells. Higher doses of uv light (6.0-9.0 x 10(-3) J mm-2) suppressed expression of the epidermal antigen and muscle cell markers, whereas the development of endodermal AP was insensitive. Irradiation at various times between fertilization and the 16-cell stage revealed that gastrulation, sensory cell differentiation, and axis formation are sensitive to uv light only during ooplasmic segregation. Irradiation of restricted regions of the zygote during ooplasmic segregation showed that the uv-sensitive components are localized in the vegetal hemisphere. The absorption characteristics of the uv-sensitive components suggest that they are nucleic acids. The results show that uv-sensitive components that specify gastrulation, sensory cell induction, and embryonic axis formation are localized in the vegetal hemisphere of Styela eggs.
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PMID:Ultraviolet irradiation during ooplasmic segregation prevents gastrulation, sensory cell induction, and axis formation in the ascidian embryo. 237 59

The time change of laboratory variables in cirrhosis was studied by analysis of data from 488 patients with cirrhosis included in a controlled clinical trial of long-term prednisone vs. placebo. In the placebo group, a marked regression towards normal was seen within 3 months of entry into the trial (increase in serum albumin, acetylcholinesterase, cholesterol, hemoglobin and decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate). The subsequent course did not show a clear pattern, except for a slight increase in serum bilirubin and decrease in albumin. When studied in relation to the time of death in patients dying from a "hepatic" cause, marked increase in bilirubin and decrease in prothrombin index, albumin and cholesterol were seen in the year prior to death with little change before that time. In the prednisone group, a more marked decrease in bilirubin, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-globulin, sulfobromophthalein retention, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and increase in leukocytes, prothrombin index and cholesterol were seen during the first 3 months. In relation to time of death from a "hepatic" cause, similar changes were seen as in the placebo group except that alkaline phosphatase increased and cholesterol did not decrease. A beneficial effect of prednisone on survival, as expressed by a previously developed therapeutic index, was associated with decrease in SGOT, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-globulin within the first 3 months. An increase in SGOT during prednisone seemed to be associated with harmful effects of therapy.
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PMID:Changes of laboratory variables with time in cirrhosis: prognostic and therapeutic significance. 241 49


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