Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients taking suppressive doses of thyroid hormones may have adverse effects from such treatment. To test conditions under which such treatment might be deleterious to bone, we studied a group of patients who had undergone thyroidectomy because of thyroid cancer 1 to 21 years previously and were treated with steady suppressive doses of exogenous thyroid hormone. The group consisted from 13 men, 20 premenopausal and 25 postmenopausal women. The level of serum tyroxin a trijodothyronin in average didn't differ from the control subjects; thyreostimulating hormone was significantly lower than in controls. Vertebral bone density (BMD) was significantly reduced and biochemical markers of bone formation and (osteocalcin and bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase in serum) were significantly increased as compared with controls only in postmenopausal patients. Biochemical indices of bone resorption (urinary hydroxyproline and plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity) were significantly increased in premenopausal and also in postmenopausal women. In thyroid hormone treated women, biochemical indices of both bone resorption and bone formation correlated significantly negatively with serum TSH levels. The results suggest that in postmenopausal women there is no "safe" suppressive dose of thyroid hormone. Patients treated with thyroid hormone should be evaluated for a latent or early symptomatic stage of bone loss. The thyroid drugs used should consist of exact content of thyroid hormones, preferably thyroxin.
...
PMID:[The risk for osteoporosis in persons treated with thyroid hormones]. 148 84

We describe a kinetic method for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes, based on fluorescence detection of 4-methylumbelliferone. Several different buffer-inhibitor combinations and substrate concentrations were evaluated. Best results were obtained for inhibition with 2.9 mol/L urea in amino-2-methyl-1-propanol buffer. With this combination, normal concentrations of bone- and liver-type ALP could be determined from kinetic data during an 8-min measurement period. We computed initial velocities from parameters for first-order fits during 1.2 half-lives of the response for liver-type ALP. A linear least-squares fit of initial velocities (y) determined in this way vs results obtained with a comparison procedure (x) gave good correlations. We also estimated total signal changes, delta S, from first-order fits during four half-lives. Isoenzyme content correlated well with parameters computed from the first-order fits. Values for standard errors of the estimates represent 5% and 3% of median responses for activities and isoenzyme content, respectively. When compared with an absorbance-based method described previously, this method had threefold shorter measurement times, but imprecisions were 1.6- to 1.8-fold larger.
...
PMID:Simultaneous determinations of liver- and bone-type alkaline phosphatase by curve-fitting of inhibition kinetic data. II. Development and evaluation of a fluorescence-based method. 154 Oct 8

To test conditions under which thyroid hormone might be deleterious to bone, we studied a group of 58 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy because of thyroid cancer 1 to 21 years previously and were treated with steady doses of exogenous thyroid hormone. Vertebral bone density (BMD Z-score) was significantly reduced and biochemical indices of bone resorption (urinary hydroxyproline and plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity) and of osteoblastic activity (plasma osteocalcin and bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase) as well as the calculated prevalence of bone resorption relative to osteoblastic activity (HBP) were significantly increased in thyroid hormone-treated post-menopausal women but not in men and premenopausal women. The HBP as well as the biochemical indices of bone remodeling were significantly negatively correlated with serum TSH levels. In treated patients, BMD Z-score was significantly dependent on the HBP, menopausal state, duration of treatment and serum TSH levels. In conclusion, the further increase in bone resorption by thyroid hormone is predisposed by menopausal changes in bone turnover. The simultaneous evaluation of biochemical indices of bone resorption and formation improves the assessment of bone loss in patients treated with thyroid hormone in a suppressive dose.
...
PMID:Biochemical assessment of bone loss in patients on long-term thyroid hormone treatment. 162 31

Fifty-two postmenopausal women (mean age 60 +/- 5 years) with low BMD (less than -2SD of young adult values) but who had not experienced previous crush fracture were treated with 50 mg of sodium fluoride (NaF), 1 g of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D2 per day for 2 years. Repeated vertebral and femoral BMD measurements were made and compared with those of a control group consisting of 16 untreated women. Serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, blood and urinary fluoride levels were measured regularly to determine their predictive value on bone response. 18 of 52 (35%) of the treated patients experienced side effects (29% gastric, 4% lower extremity pain syndrome) but only in 6 cases (12%) was it necessary to discontinue treatment. In neither of the two groups was any fracture recorded (vertebral or otherwise). Among the 43 women who were treated for at least 2 years, 21 (49%) were considered to have responded (i.e., with an increase of vertebral BMD greater than 0.043 g/cm2). There was a mean linear increase in BMD in this group of 0.0041 g/cm2 per month (i.e., 5.5% per year). On the other hand in the non-responder group and in the control group, vertebral BMD either remained stable or decreased. However no difference was detected between the two groups (treated and controls) at the femoral site after 2 years; both groups showed a significant decrease in BMD. The responders had a lower initial osteocalcin level and treatment led to a relatively greater increase in osteocalcin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Fluoride therapy in postmenopausal osteopenic women: effect on vertebral and femoral bone density and prediction of bone response. 179 Mar 90

The vertebral mineral content was measured using dual photon absorptiometry in 41 calcium stone patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. These patients had been previously divided into 2 groups (diet-dependent and diet-independent hypercalciuria) during a low sodium and low calcium diet. In some of the patients (11 with diet-dependent and 11 with diet-independent hypercalciuria) the vertebral mineral content was evaluated in relation to serum ionized calcium, intact parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin determined after a low sodium and low calcium diet. The vertebral mineral content, expressed as Z-VMD, was normal in diet-dependent and lower in diet-independent hypercalciuric stone patients (-0.30 +/- 1.19 versus -0.26 +/- 1.18, p less than 0.02). In 7 of 21 patients (33.3%) the vertebral mineral content was less than 2 standard deviations of the normal value, indicating a true involvement in bone metabolism. Serum intact parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin levels were not different from the controls in both groups, while alkaline phosphatase activity and ionized calcium were higher in diet-independent hypercalciuric patients. Serum ionized calcium was negatively correlated with bone vertebral density. The results suggest that an increased bone turnover may be a primary event in causing hypercalciuria in calcium stone patients unable to decrease urinary calcium to less than the calcium intake.
...
PMID:Vertebral mineral content in diet-dependent and diet-independent hypercalciuria. 194 85

Methods for the simultaneous detection of two virus types in cytological preparations or tissue sections by non-radioactive in situ hybridization were investigated. As a model system, CaSki cells, which have human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16) DNA integrated in their cellular genome, were in vitro infected with Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2). DNA probes for both viruses were labeled with biotin, acetylaminofluorene (AAF), and transaminated-sulfonated cytosine (TS-modified). Best results were obtained when a mixture of biotinated and haptenized DNA probes (AAF- or TS-modified) was used for hybridization. The biotinated hybrid was demonstrated with a streptavidin-biotinated alkaline phosphatase staining reaction, whereas the haptenized hybrid was visualized by an indirect peroxidase method. Visualisation of both viral DNAs in the same cell was possible by a combination of biotinated HPV16 DNA and haptenized HSV2 DNA.
...
PMID:Two colour DNA in situ hybridization for the detection of two viral genomes using non-radioactive probes. 254 89

12 sheep and 4 goats were used to detect the presence of alkaline phosphatase (A.P.) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-N) enzymes in the carotid rete-cavernous sinus structure. Different methods of preservation were used. The calcium and the lead methods were used to detect the presence of A.P. and 5'-N, respectively. Best results in their detection were obtained with liquid nitrogen preservation. A.P. enzyme was found in and around areas in which blood capillaries were present, indicating active transport of materials through the capillary membrane. Slight enzymatic activity was seen on the endothelial surface of the rete branches, while the enzyme seemed to be absent from the cavernous sinus. 5'-N was discernible in the tunica adventitia and in the endothelial cells, while the tunica media of the rete branches was apparently devoid of this enzyme. Possible role of these enzymes in the vascular wall metabolism of this structure has been discussed.
...
PMID:Alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase enzymes in the carotid rete-cavernous sinus complex of sheep and goats. 302 25

With morphometrical and biochemical methods the in-vitro development of 1-4-day-old 2nd maxillary molars was studied up to 10 days and compared with previously reported in-vivo development. Incorporation of [3H]-thymidine and increase in dry weight were used as biochemical parameters for cell proliferation and growth respectively specific alkaline phosphatase activity and uptake of 45Ca as the measure for mineralization. In explants of 2-4-day-old hamsters, formation of dentine and enamel matrix was consistent: both mineralized. These explants attained stages beyond enamel matrix formation, possibly the transitional stages of amelogenesis. The amounts of matrices produced appeared to be related to the final size the explants attained. Best in-vitro development histologically was in explants of 2 and 3-day-olds. Thus in-vitro development was qualitatively similar to in vivo.
...
PMID:Effect of developmental stage of explants on further in-vitro development of hamster molars. 657 39

To assess the long-term effect of vitamin D or calcium supplementation on the skeletal metabolism of aging laboratory rodents, 1.5-month-old female Wistar rats were fed with diets containing twice the concentration of vitamin D (group 2) and of calcium (group 3) as in the usual rat chow. Follow-up to 24 months of age did not show significant differences between the enriched-diet groups and the controls (group 1) in terms of the vertebral body weight and protein content. Significantly higher bone mineral contents were found in groups 2 and 3 than were found in controls, as revealed by an increased bone mineral density (BMD: +62%, group 2; +48%, group 3) and vertebral calcium content (+73%, group 2; +84%, group 3). The vertebral alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity was significantly lower in the enriched diet groups than in controls (-47%, group 2; -45%, group 3). The ratio alkaline phosphatase/acid phosphatase activity was markedly reduced in groups 2 and 3 (-57% and -59%, respectively), which might indicate a diminished rate of bone turnover. The trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) decreased in all groups during senescence, being significantly elevated in group 3 as compared to controls. Vitamin D and calcium dietary supplementations increase the axial mineral bone content in laboratory rats and might reduce the bone turnover. Their influence on the trabecular bone volume has yet to be examined.
...
PMID:Calcium and vitamin D enriched diets increase and preserve vertebral mineral content in aging laboratory rats. 765 72

We measured serum levels of total alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal propeptide of human type I procollagen (PICP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity (TRAP), and the fasting urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (OHPr/Cr) in seven affected members (four men, three women; age, 43.3 +/- 16.6 years [mean +/- SD]) of a family with clinically diagnosed type I-A osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and in eight (five men, three women) normal age-matched (38.2 +/- 10.3) relatives. Three boys with OI and three normal girls of the same family were also studied, although they were excluded from statistical analysis. Bone mineral density was also determined at four different skeletal sites. Serum levels of PICP were measured with a radioimmunoassay (Farmos Diagnostica, Turku, Finland). There were no significant differences in mean values of the biomarkers studied between OI patients and normal relatives, with the only exception being serum levels of PICP (35 +/- 7.5 v 219 +/- 107.5 micrograms/L, P < .001). A significant reduction of BMD was found in OI patients compared with normal relatives at the lumbar (L) spine (680 +/- 61 v 1,128 +/- 92 mg/cm2, P < .001), at the ultradistal radius ([UDR] 323 +/- 85 v 458 +/- 76, P < .006), at the femoral neck ([F] 494 +/- 140 v 791 +/- 104, P < .001), and at the junction of the distal and middle third of the radius ([MR] 639 +/- 71 v 717 +/- 52, P < .029).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Reduced serum levels of carboxy-terminal propeptide of human type I procollagen in a family with type I-A osteogenesis imperfecta. 793 78


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---