Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The haematopoietic tissue in the supraneural organ of the freshwater river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis L. Gray) was studied in sexually immature animals. Besides erythro- and granulopoietic elements, macrophages, reticular cells, fibroblasts and glycogen-rich fat cells were seen. Developing granulocytes of the lamprey contain one type of azurophil granules originating from small cytoplasmic (Golgi) vesicles. The lamprey's azurophil granulocytes seem to be homologous with those of fishes. However, the granulocytes of fishes, studied thus far, show granules with only one type of inclusion, whereas in lamprey the granulocyte inclusions are variable in size and shape. Thus, lamprey granulocytes are, in this respect, reminiscent of similar cells of higher vertebrates. The PAS and alkaline phosphatase reactions, common markers of vertebrate neutrophil leucocytes, are very weak in the haematopoietic tissue granulocytes of the lamprey, and intense in the blood cells of the same animal. Lamprey granulocytes, similarly to the granulocytes of Chondrostei and Elasmobranchiata, do not stain with peroxidase, naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase and sudan black B. The haematopoietic tissue contains a relatively high number of degenerated granulocytes.
 ...
PMID:The haematopoietic supraneural organ of adult, sexually immature river lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis [L.] Gray) with particular reference to azurophil leucocytes. 6 2

A TRH fixation in vitro occurs at the level of the human polynuclear neutrophil, which suggests putative membrane receptor (s) for the hypothalamic hormone. After TRH administration, enzyme modifications (myeloperoxydase, alkaline phosphatase) and metabolism changes (PAS, Sudan black) happen in vivo within the neutrophil, showing a functional activation of that blood cell. Two processes may be considered to explain those data: 1) the TRH is directly fixed, as observed in vitro; 2) a mediate hormone (TSH, T4, T3) is released capable of binding the granulocyte membrane.
 ...
PMID:[Cytochemical aspects of human polynuclear neutrophils under the in vitro and in vivo action of TRH]. 18 93

Iron deficiency anaemia was induced in rabbits by repeated bleeding. The leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) of 26 +/- 28 units was significantly reduced compared with control values of 233 +/- 35 units (P less than 0.001). Leucocyte NBT reduction was also diminished, both in Hanks solution (P less than 0.01) and in autologous serum (P less than 0.001). After administration of iron, these values returned to normal. The results suggest that reduced LAP may reflect a deficiency of iron dependent constituents which are necessary for the integrity of normal granulocyte metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Reduced leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased NBT reduction test in induced iron deficiency anaemia in rabbits. 38 63

The possible influence of 48 hr of sleep deprivation on in vitro DNA synthesis of blood lymphocytes and on the adhesiveness and intracellular, stainable activity of alkaline phosphatase in blood granulocytes was studied in twelve young male volunteers. Following the sleep deprivation, all 12 subjects showed marked reductions of DNA synthesis after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. Pre-exposure levels were regained 5 days after terminating the vigil. No changes were noted in granulocyte adherence or alkaline phosphatase activity. The results suggest that sleep deprivation may decrease cell-mediated immune reactions and thereby impair some aspects of host defense.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocyte and granulocyte reactions during sleep deprivation. 48 23

Since circulating and marginated human granulocytes are in rapid kinetic equilibrium, cells of these two compartments have been considered to be a homogeneous population. Our studies on the relationship between neutrophil maturity and the granulocyte alkaline phosphatase (GAP) activity cast doubt on this assumption. After iv administration of hydrocortisone, 12 male volunteers showed an augmentation in circulating granulocytes of 5730 cells/mm3, accompanied by an increase of band neutrophils from 18% to 33% (p less than 0.001). During this influx phase, the GAP activity decreased by 73% when measured cytochemically and by 28% when assayed biochemically (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.01, respectively). When granulocytes were demarginated by epinephrine, the mean count increased by 38%, accompanied by a rise in the portion of segmented forms from 74% to 79% (p less than 0.005) and by an increase of the cytochemical GAP activity by 24% (p less than 0.01). Exact complementary results were obtained during an excessive transient margination, the hemodialysis neutropenia: bands increased from 24% to 54% (p less than 0.02), while the cytochemical GAP dropped by 40% (p less than 0.005). Thus, our analysis of three situations with an acute transient shift of granulocytes indicates that functionally or chronologially "older" cells have a higher GAP activity, and that the transfer of granulocyte from the circulating to the marginal pool is selective.
 ...
PMID:Disparity between circulating and marginated neutrophils: evidence from studies on the granulocyte alkaline phosphatase, a marker of cell maturity. 54 24

10 patients with anorexia nervosa were compared with controls with normal weight, regarding their peripheral blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte reactions. The anorexia patients showed a statistically significant decrease in PMN bactericidal capacity and PMN adherence. The mean chemotaxis did not differ, but in two of the anorexia patients chemotaxis was almost absent. The intracellular activity of alkaline phosphatase was below the reference values in 5 of the 6 patients in whom it was investigated. It is concluded that changes in granulocyte function may be noted in anorexia nervosa, but their clinical significance is uncertain, as no patients had recurrent or severe infectious diseases.
 ...
PMID:Anorexia nervosa and polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte reactions. 91 61

The effect of 10 days of total fasting (energy deprivation) on blood polymorphonuclear granulocyte functions, leukocyte numbers, iron and transferrin levels was evaluated in 14 healthy, normal-weight males. Granulocytes from 7 of the subjects were tested in vitro. A statistically significant depression was noted in their bactericidal capacity against Staph. aureus. The 14 subjects showed a marked decrease in the stainable activity of granulocyte alkaline phosphatase and decreases were noted in plasma iron and serum transferrin levels. The iron saturation of serum transferrin was unchanged. Thus, impairment of granulocyte bactericidal functions may occur secondarily to short-term total energy deprivation, in the absence of iron deficiency.
 ...
PMID:Fasting (acute energy deprivation) in man: effect on polymorphonuclear granulocyte functions, plasma iron and serum transferrin. 96 52

Staining with naphthol AS phosphate and Fast Blue BB salt has been used for the estimation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) scores in patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). The very low scores found at diagnosis rise when the disease is treated, and there is some inverse correlation between the NAP score and the absolute neutrophil count. Patients treated intensively developed high NAP scores. Elective splenectomy performed during the chronic phase of CGL is followed by a pronounced but transient neutrophilia and a concurrent striking rise in the NAP score. Similar changes were observed in patients without CGL who underwent splenectomy. These observations can be explained by assuming that newly formed neutrophils in CGL have a normal content of NAP but are rapidly sequestered in non-circulating extramedullary pools, whereas the circulating neutrophil with a typically low NAP content is a relatively aged cell which has lost enzyme activity. In subjects with or without CGL, removal of the spleen, a major site of such pooling, temporarily permits the circulation of newly formed neutrophils but eventually other organs assume the sequestering functions of the spleen. Thus the aberrations of NAP score seen in CGL might be attributable not to an intrinsic cellular defect but to an exaggeration of the granulocyte storage phenomena which also occur in subjects without CGL.
 ...
PMID:Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score in chronic granulocytic leukaemia: effects of splenectomy and antileukaemic drugs. 105 40

Observations in six adult patients with leukaemic differential white counts, predominantly mature-celled, and with hepatosplenomegaly show that the mature-celled but fulminant (para-)neutrophil leukaemia must be differentiated from Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia. This (para-)neutrophil leukaemia is probably identical with the previously described atypical chronic myelosis of the adult, chronic myeloid leukaemia of childhood and the Pelger-like chronic myeloid leukaemia. Cardinal signs are a mature-celled differential count, short life expectancy (1 year), initial platelet deficiency, increased activity of granulocyte alkaline phosphatase, absence of Ph1-chromosome, and poor therapeutic response to busulfan. This curious and yet apparently not uncommon disease has been observed in the adult age group predominantly in men. The frequently high HbF level observed in juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia could not be demonstrated in adults. Some of these neutrophil leukaemias are characterized by medullary fibrosis and terminal increase of immature blast cells (blast crises?) of which the diagnostic reliability is still disputed.
 ...
PMID:[Differential diagnosis of atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia]. 106 23

In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), infection, both viral and bacterial, disproportionate to the mild neutropenia seen in many such patients is responsible for significant morbidity. We report impaired granulocyte chemotaxis efficiency which may contribute to the problems induced by bacterial infections. PNH (but not normal) granulocytes, after exposure to very small concentrations of activated serum complement components, migrate poorly, as documented by their inhibited chemotaxis toward bacterial products or activated complement components in Boyden chambers. The granulocytes remain intact, excluding trypan blue, phagocytosing, and killing bacteria, despite this activated complement exposure. It is also suggested that this chemotactic defect may involve only a clone of cells, analogous to the clonal lysis of PNH erythrocytes; those few granulocytes capable of migration after exposure to activated complement contain normal quantities of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP), in contrast to the LAP deficiency of the overall PNH granulocyte population. Since bacterial infection may initiate or potentiate hemolysis, one of the major symptoms of the disease, these results could explain much of the morbidity of PNH.
 ...
PMID:Complement-mediated granulocyte dysfunction in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. 127 74


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>