Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence or absence of histological signs of cholestasis (on the basis of liver specimens obtained by means of liver biopsy) was compared with total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels and LP-X test in 157 patients suffering from different liver diseases. The LP-X test was positive in 93% of the 59 cases in whom histological evidence of cholestasis was observed and negative 95% of the 98 cases in whom histological examination was negative. LP-X concurs more frequently with the histological picture than do total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. These data confirm that LP-X test is more specific than the tests traditionally used to demonstrate or exclude cholestasis. An increment in gamma-GT levels was observed in 97% of the patients with a positive LP-X test. These clinical results have been discussed in the light of recent data regarding the mechanism of lipoprotein-X formation and the possible relationships between LP-X and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
 ...
PMID:Lipoprotein-X and diagnosis of cholestasis: comparison with other biochemical parameters and liver biopsy. 2 28

Using rats, we studied how best to assess hepatic damage after administering therapeutic doses of each of five anti-cancer drugs or of the hepatotoxin, carbon tetrachloride. As indexes, we compared measurement of the concentration of administered antipyrine in plasma with measurement in serum of alpha-fetoprotein or of the activities of five enzymes that reportedly best reflect hepatic damage. The biological half-life of antipyrine in the plasma was increased more than threefold on pretreating the rats with any of the five cytotoxic drugs or with carbon tetrachloride. In contrast, the concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, or glutamate dehydrogenase were not consistently increased. Of the enzymes tested in serum, aspartate aminotransferase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase best indicated hepatic impairment resulting from the treatment with anti-cancer drugs. Our results imply that determination of the pharmacokinetics of marker drugs such as antipyrine better indicates hepatic dysfunction induced by cytotoxic agents than does measurement of the enzymes liberated into serum as a result of damage to liver mitochondria.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic function assessed (in rats) during chemotherapy with some anti-cancer drugs. 8 82

The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (alkP), creatine kinase (CPK), and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) were determined in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, brain, kidney, lung, spleen, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, thymus, and red cells of 56 bovine fetuses varying in gestational age from 115 to 255 days. The tissue aminotransferase activities were the most variable with gestational age. The GPT activity of liver, kidney, spleen, and red cells and the GOT activity of red cells decreased with fetal age. The GPT activity of heart, brain, and skeletal muscle and the GOT activity of adrenal, brain, and skeletal muscle increased with fetal age. Increasing activities were also described for adrenal and brain alkP and for brain and skeletal muscle CPK. In contrast, the OCT activities were fairly constant for each tissue as a function of gestational age.
 ...
PMID:Developmental changes of tissue enzyme patterns in the bovine fetus with gestational age. 116 76

Studied was the enzyme constellation, resp., activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), glutamate-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), aldolase (ALD), leucin-aminopeptidase (LAP), cholinesterase (CE), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT), and guanase (G) in a total of 360 clinically normal and lactating and dry cows of the Black-and-White and Simmental crossbreeds. Characteristic quantitative changes were found with GOT, GPT, ALD, LDH, and CPK both over the dry period and over the entire period of lactation. The activity of LAP, AP, OCT, and G was not influenced by the functional status of the animals. In the course of the analyses there were changes in the serum ALD, CE, and GOT, associated with the breed. The enzymes referred to were studied with a view to establishing their normal parameters needed for the practice as the base to demonstrate preclinical disturbances in individual organs and tissues of the cows during pregnancy and the puerperium.
 ...
PMID:[Enzyme constellation in cows of the Simmental crossbreed and Black Pied breed during the dry period and lactation]. 367 21

The electrophoretic separations of some human and pig liver enzymes on cellulose acetate and Cellogel were investigated, with reference to their joint occurrence in serum of patients undergoing treatment by extracorporeal pig liver perfusion. In every case it was possible to distinguish between the human and pig enzymes. Pig lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes occupy a position slightly anodic to the corresponding human bands. The aspartate transaminase band of human is more anodic than that of pig, but their cathodic bands have the same mobility. Alanine transaminase of both human and pig liver extract is shown to exist as two bands each towards the anode. The faster moving human band is more anodic than the corresponding pig band, while the other human band is less anodic. Sorbitol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and ornithine carbamoyltransferase all exist as one band each. Human sorbitol dehydrogenase is more cathodic than the pig enzyme, human alkaline phosphatase more anodic than the pig enzyme, while human ornithine carbamoyltransferase is less anodic than the pig enzyme.
 ...
PMID:Electrophoretic separation and differentiation of enzymes from human and from porcine liver. 504 73

The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), were determined in eight organs of 10 healthy male blue foxes. OCT was absolutely liver specific and ALT was also found to be liver specific. SDH was also found primarily in the liver but its activity was relatively low. GGT was found almost exclusively in the kidneys. The highest levels of AP were observed in the kidneys and in the intestines. LDH together with AST was present in high activities in all the tissues tested. CK activity was highest in skeletal and cardiac muscles.
 ...
PMID:Activities of some enzymes in the tissues of the blue fox (Alopex lagopus). 613 May 87

The toxicity and the distribution of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) were investigated by feeding rations containing different concentrations of PBB to sows during pregnancy and lactation. Sows and newborn pigs were clinically unaffected. Mortality was increased among pigs nursing sows fed rations containing PBB. Although transplacental passage of PBB resulted in an appreciable amount of PBB in tissues of newborn pigs, far more PBB were transferred to the pigs through the milk. On a body-weight basis, nursing pigs consumed PBB in concentrations similar to the concentrations given to the sows. The highest tissue concentrations of PBB (fat basis) were found in the liver, followed by the adipose tissue, kidney, and brain. Dietary concentrations of 10 mg of PBB/kg of feed increased serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and thyroid hormones of pigs, whereas dietary concentrations of 100 or 200 mg of PBB/kg of feed caused those values to decrease. Gross pathologic changes consisted of increased weight of the thyroid gland of newborn pigs and increased weight of the liver of 4-week-old pigs. Histologically, thyroid glands of newborn pigs were slightly hyperplastic, and the colloid was scant and vacuolated. In the liver, lesions consisted of fatty change and centrolobular necrosis; changes were more severe in the sows than in the pigs nursing those sows. Measuring serum concentrations of ornithine carbamoyltransferase was the most effective clinical test in assessing the degree of liver damage in the pigs.
 ...
PMID:Toxicosis in sows and their pigs caused by feeding rations containing polybrominated biphenyls to sows during pregnancy and lactation. 626 87

Influence of alimentary zinc deficiency on nitrogen elimination and activities of urea cycle enzymes This study was conducted to investigate whether the hyperammonaemia shown in earlier zinc-deficiency experiments was the result of disturbed enzyme activities of the urea cycle. For this study 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average body weight of 85 g were divided into three experimental groups of 12 animals each. Group 1 received the semisynthetic zinc-deficient diet (AIN-93G; 1.2 mg Zn/kg DM) ad libitum over 33 experimental days. Group 2 received the zinc-sulphate-supplemented control diet (60 mg Zn/kg DM) ad libitum and group 3 received the same diet matched to the feed intake of the zinc-deficient rats. Alimentary zinc deficiency reduced the zinc concentration and the activity of the alkaline phosphatase in serum by 75 and 67%, respectively. The activity of the glutamate dehydrogenase and the concentrations of ammonia and urea in the serum of the zinc-deficient rats showed no significant differences compared with pair-fed control rats. On the other hand the hepatic activity of the mitochondrial localized glutamate dehydrogenase of the zinc-deficient rats was significantly increased and the carbamoylphosphate synthetase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase were reduced about half in comparison with both control groups. The activities of the cytosolic liver enzymes such as argininosuccinate synthetase, argininosuccinase and arginase were again significantly increased in zinc-deficient rats compared with both control groups. The increased hepatic activity of the glutamate dehydrogenase possibly led to an enhanced NH(3) elimination in addition to urea synthesis. The typical reduction of feed intake in consequence of zinc deficiency is therefore not the cause of hyperammonaemia due to disturbed urea synthesis, as has been hypothesized in earlier studies.
 ...
PMID:[Influence of alimentary zinc deficiency on nitrogen elimination and enzyme activities of the urea cycle]. 1168 72

The aim of this investigation was to determine if the hyperammonaemia shown in previous zinc-deficiency experiments was the result of disturbed enzyme activities for urea synthesis caused by zinc deficiency per se or was a secondary effect of the reduced feed intake accompanying energy and protein deficiency. For this, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average body weight of 109 g were divided into two groups of 12 animals each. Both groups were force fed by intragastric tube four times daily over 11 experimental days. Group 1 received a zinc-deficient diet (1.3 mg Zn/kg diet) in a total amount of 11.6 g/day/animal. Group 2 received the zinc sulphate-supplemented control diet (25 mg Zn/kg diet) in the same amount. This technique made it possible to supply even the zinc-deficient rats with sufficient nutrients over the whole experimental period in the same manner as for the control rats, at the same time and with the same dietary amounts. At the end of the experiment, the serum zinc concentration and the alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly reduced in the zinc-deficient rats by 59 and 37%, respectively, in comparison with control animals. This showed a severe alimentary zinc-deficiency status of the animals. The concentrations of ammonia and urea, as well as the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase in serum, were not influenced by the zinc-deficient nutrition within the experimental time. Likewise, the mitochondrial activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and carbamoylphosphate synthetase in the liver were not affected by the alimentary zinc concentration. On the contrary, the activities of ornithine carbamoyltransferase and cytosolic liver enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase, argininosuccinase and arginase were significantly increased in comparison with control rats. In the case of a sufficient supply of nutrients, alimentary zinc deficiency did not cause hyperammonaemia owing to disturbed urea synthesis, as previously hypothesized.
 ...
PMID:[Nitrogen detoxification in artificially-fed zinc-deficient rats]. 1168 84